Chapter 4: Lesson 4.2 Recognizing Sleep Disorders pg.109

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8 questions

Required

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
sleep apnea		condition that results from a delay in the sleep-wake cycle that affects a person’s daily activities
parasomnia		trouble falling or staying asleep
delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)		potentially serious disorder in which a person stops breathing for short periods of time during sleep
narcolepsy		disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control the sleep-wake cycle
insomnia		term for sleep disorders that occur when people are partially, but not completely, awoken from sleep

Required

Have you ever spent an hour or more trying and failing to fall asleep? Have you had nightmares or experienced _______ ? Remember the example from Lesson 4.1. Sanjay stays up late watching TV at night and has a hard time falling asleep, which is causing him not to get enough sleep. His _______  is causing him to _______  more often and to struggle to pay attention and work hard in class and at football practice.

Common sleep disorders such as these may cause you to _______ , but they are usually not serious. _______  sleep disorders, however, can cause issues at school and in your life. Most importantly, _______  have health _______ . Fortunately, most sleep disorders can be treated once the person recognizes the condition and seeks help. In this lesson, you will learn about some common sleep disorders, as well as available treatments.

Required

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
A common sleep disorder that affects a person’s sleep-wake cycle is _______ , also called “night owl” syndrome. _______  is a disorder that results in a person being unable to fall asleep until very late at night and naturally not waking up until much later in the morning.

DSPS can affect anyone, but is most common _______ . This is because teens’ bodies are going through many changes as part of the _______ . One of these changes is the body’s release of melatonin later in the night. This means teens are unable to fall asleep earlier in the evening. As a result, teens often do not get enough sleep because they go to _______ , but must still get up early to go to school.

The most common treatment method for DSPS is slowly changing the time a person goes to bed. People with DSPS can try to go to sleep a _______  each night until they reach the desired bedtime. Once they reach the desired time, the next step is to stick to that new time. If a person stays up late just one night, even on the weekend, the sleep-wake cycle can reset.

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Insomnia
Almost everyone experiences _______ , which is trouble _______  or staying asleep. Some people with insomnia lay awake for hours at night without being able to fall asleep. Others _______  early and are unable to go back to sleep. Having insomnia can _______  all aspects of a person’s health and well-being (Figure 4.8).

Insomnia may be a _______ , temporary condition that is a result of changes in a person’s normal routine. For example, if you are going on a family vacation tomorrow, you may not be able to fall asleep on time the night before you leave. Insomnia like this usually goes away on its own.

_______  insomnia is more serious than short-term insomnia. Long-term insomnia lasts a month or longer. It is often a symptom or side effect of another issue, such as a _______ , _______ , or a _______ . People with long-term insomnia can get help from a doctor, therapist, or counselor.

The most common cause of insomnia is _______ . This _______  may be a result of issues in a person’s life. The stress could even be about the insomnia. Worrying about being unable to fall asleep or about being tired the next day can make insomnia worse.

Insomnia may be treated in many ways. _______  can include sleeping pills, which are a type of medication that helps people sleep. Long-term use of _______  is discouraged, however, because using them can interfere with good sleeping habits. It is important to talk to a doctor before using _______  or other sleep aids.

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Parasomnia
_______  is a term for sleep disorders that occur when people are partially, but not completely, aroused from sleep. Parasomnia occurs more commonly in _______  because their brains are still developing. These disorders can occur when people first fall asleep, between sleep stages, or aroused from sleep. There are five common types of parasomnia. These types include _______ , _______ , _______ , _______  (RLS), and _______ . Figure 4.9 describes the five common types of parasomnia.

Required

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Bed-Wetting		Disorder that occurs when a person unintentionally urinates (pees) at night during sleep. Very common in children younger than five years of age. May occur in young children because they have small bladders or do not have full bladder control. Reduce or avoid instances of bed-wetting by drinking more liquid during the day and less at night and by going to the bathroom immediately before bedtime. Other treatments include bed-wetting alarms, bladder training, and some medications.
Sleepwalking		Scary dreams associated with negative feelings, such as anxiety, fear, and sadness. May cause people to wake up and have difficulty falling back asleep, or develop a fear of going to sleep. Usually occur during the last hours of sleep. May be caused by stress; trauma; illness; reading books, watching television, and eating before bed; lack of sleep; or alcohol, illegal drugs, and some types of medications.
Teeth Grinding		Sleep disorder in which people get out of bed and walk around while in a state of deep sleep. May occur when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is experiencing stress. While sleepwalking, a person’s eyes are typically open. The person will not respond to questions or remembers sleepwalking, however. Sleepwalking is not usually a serious condition.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)		Disorder in which people experience sensations such as tingling, itching, cramping, or burning, as well as aches and pains in their legs. One of the most common sleep disorders among older adults. Possible causes may include another disease or health condition, such as anemia, pregnancy, or some medications. Substances such as caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco can worsen symptoms. Treatment includes lifestyle changes such as regular sleep habits, relaxation techniques, and moderate physical activity during the day. Certain medications may also help lessen the symptoms.
Nightmares		Disorder that involves grinding and clenching the teeth. Also known as bruxism. May be caused by stress or anxiety, having an abnormal bite, or missing or crooked teeth. Behavior is usually harmless, although long-term teeth grinding can lead to tooth damage, a sore jaw, headaches, and hearing loss. Treatment may include wearing a mouth guard, also called a night guard; relaxing the jaw and teeth; reducing stress; staying hydrated; and taking prescription medication.

Required

Sleep Apnea
_______   is a potentially serious disorder in which a person _______  for short periods of time during sleep. This disorder is usually associated with _______ , but not everyone who snores has this disorder. Many people have sleep apnea, but do not know it, or have not been diagnosed. Sleep apnea is most common among _______ , and it is more common in males than in females. There are _______  of sleep apnea (Figure 4.10).

People with sleep apnea can suffer numerous side effects due to inadequate sleep and a lack of oxygen in their blood. These side effects include the following:
_______ 
_______ 
_______ 
_______ 
high blood pressure
irregular heartbeats
_______ 
_______ 
Once a doctor diagnoses someone with sleep apnea, the doctor will suggest possible treatments. One common treatment for sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure _______ . CPAP therapy consists of a special machine that increases air pressure in the throat and keeps the airway open to help a person breathe. Someone with sleep apnea may wear a CPAP machine while sleeping (Figure 4.11).

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Narcolepsy
_______  is a disorder that affects the _______  to control the sleep-wake cycle. People with narcolepsy have _______  at various times of the day, even if they have had a normal amount of nighttime sleep.

During a sleep attack, a person _______ or even more than 30 minutes. Strong emotions, such as fear, stress, or excitement, may trigger sleep attacks. These sleep attacks can be embarrassing and dangerous. They may occur when people are walking, driving, or performing other forms of physical activity.

_______  typically appear between the _______ , but diagnosis may not occur right away. The causes of narcolepsy are still unclear. This disorder tends to run in families. People whose parents have narcolepsy are more likely to develop it themselves. Narcolepsy may also be caused by brain damage resulting from a head injury or brain-related disease.

Narcolepsy can be treated with medications that help control the symptoms. People with narcolepsy can also make lifestyle changes to treat their symptoms (Figure 4.12).