in the Zagros Mountains

on the Persian Gulf coast

along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers

in the eastern part of present-day Syria

They built irrigation systems and canals to divert floodwaters.

They prayed to the gods of water and weather.

They used advanced weather forecasting to predict flooding.

They built dams and levees along rivers.

an ancient Mesopotamian musical instrument

a system of hieroglyphs used in Egyptian architecture

a form of writing using wedge-shaped characters on clay tablets

a method of constructing arches in architecture

to track the movements of planets for religious rituals

to organize farming activities and predict flooding seasons

to schedule social events and festivals in the community

to calculate precise distances for trade and navigation purposes

an epic poem telling the adventures of a legendary king

a collection of laws and regulations in Mesopotamia

a religious text describing creation myths in Sumerian culture

a historical record telling about the rise and fall of Babylon

Sargon was a renowned architect who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

He introduced the concept of democracy in the ancient world.

He was the first ruler to establish a code of laws.

Sargon created the world’s first known empire.

by birth, if born to parents who were slaves

through punishment for serious crimes committed

by being captured in a war

by choice, as a means of paying off debts

their techniques for agriculture and irrigation

the development of the first written language

their advanced knowledge of astronomy and planets

the existence of ziggurats, which were temples dedicated to multiple gods

based on passing rulership from father to son

through elections involving citizens of the city-state.

they believed their kings were appointed by the gods

by proving leadership skills in battles

It was separate from other civilizations.

It had fertile soil and access to water.

It had a harsh climate.

It had mineral resources.

grain

pottery

the wheel

written language

judicial review

the jury system

constitutionalism

rule of law

Sargon

Hammurabi

Eannatum

Nebuchadnezzar

Farmers could plant faster, helping them plant larger areas and grow extra grain for traders to sell.

Many farmers who had learned metalworking to make plows also made other metal goods for traders to sell.

Farmers could plant faster, so they had more free time to go to markets and buy things.

Farmers who bought plows from traders found their new tools so helpful that they later bought many other goods from traders.

Base 60- number system

Division

Addition

Calculating mean, median and mode

China

Egypt

The Indus River Valley

Mesopotamia

named for its fertile soil and curved shape

site of the earliest civilization

one of the earliest known civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

Sumerian city-states

named for its fertile soil and curved shape

site of the earliest civilization

one of the earliest known civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

Sumerian city-states

named for its fertile soil and curved shape

site of the earliest civilization

one of the earliest known civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

Sumerian city-states

named for its fertile soil and curved shape

site of the earliest civilization

one of the earliest known civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

Sumerian city-states