Lesson 13.3 Knowing Basic First Aid
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Last updated about 1 month ago
13 questions
Required
10
| Draggable item | arrow_right_alt | Corresponding Item |
|---|---|---|
standard precautions | arrow_right_alt | treatment given in the first moments of an accident or injury—usually before medical professionals arrive on the scene |
first aid | arrow_right_alt | infection control practices that apply when giving first aid to any person under any circumstances |
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | arrow_right_alt | urgent, life-threatening situation |
anaphylaxis | arrow_right_alt | allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing |
first-aid kit | arrow_right_alt | emergency procedure that uses chest compressions to restore heartbeat; may also involve mouth-to-mouth |
anaphylaxis | arrow_right_alt | allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing |
medical emergency | arrow_right_alt | container that includes the supplies needed to treat most types of minor injuries |
Required
10
Keep a First-Aid Kit on Hand
To administer _______ , you need to have certain _______ on hand. A _______ contains the supplies needed to treat many types of minor injuries. You can put together your own kit or purchase a ready-made kit at most drugstores or from the _______ . The American Red Cross suggests keeping a first-aid kit in the home and in vehicles. When spending time doing _______ , such as hiking or camping, it is a good idea to carry a first-aid kit with you. Keep the first-aid kit out of reach and out of sight of _______ , and away from family pets. Figure 13.21 shows supplies often included in a first-aid kit.
Required
10
Determine If You Can Help
Before _______ any first aid, you need to check the scene to determine if you can safely help the _______ . If you cannot safely get to the person because of that person's location, or because of hazardous conditions, call _______ . Do not risk becoming injured yourself. If you can _______ and provide help, then stay calm and use your knowledge to implement the following response plan:
1.Check the injured _______ . Do a very quick _______ of the situation. Is the person _______ , or is the person unresponsive? Does the injury appear to be life-threatening? Signs of a life-threatening injury may include the following:
- severe _______
- _______ or no breathing
- _______ —a life-threatening condition in which the vital organs do not receive enough blood and oxygen unconsciousness—the person passes out and cannot be awakened
- Do not move the person unless you must leave a dangerous situation.
2. Call 911. As soon as you can, _______ or your local emergency services, or tell someone else to call while you perform first aid (Figure 13.22). If you are at school, tell a teacher or coach about the emergency. These _______ may be able to call 911 or help give first aid while you call 911.
3. Give _______ . If possible, ask the injured person whether that person wants to receive first aid. This is called obtaining consent, and it is typically done for legal reasons. Under the law, you may perform first aid without consent if the person is unconscious or a child.
Required
10
Provide Treatment for Common Injuries
By learning and _______ first-aid skills, you will be able to _______ , think clearly, act rationally, and follow a response plan for an injury. By studying Chapter 8, you have already learned how to treat sprains and know what to do if a bone becomes _______ or dislocated. In the following sections, you will learn about standard precautions and basic first-aid treatments for some other common injuries.
Required
10
Standard Precautions
A person giving first aid is often at risk for _______ . This is because first-aid procedures often bring a person in contact with _______ (Figure 13.23). People who perform first aid should follow standard precautions to protect themselves from infection.
Standard precautions are _______ based on universal precautions. Standard precautions were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Like universal precautions, standard precautions protect from bloodborne infections, such as _______ . Standard precautions, however, also protect from _______ by respiratory droplets.
Standard precautions apply when giving _______ to any person under any circumstances. An example of a standard precaution is to wear _______ when there is a risk of contact with blood or bodily fluids that may contain blood. _______ with soap and water after giving first aid is another example of a standard precaution.
Required
10
Cuts, Scrapes, and Puncture Wounds
A person who gets a _______ or scrape often does not need to receive _______ medical treatment. Some bleeding may occur, but the bleeding will often stop on its own. If the _______ does not stop, follow the response plan in Figure 13.24.
_______ usually require _______ provided by a medical professional. A cut is considered deep if the edges of the cut do not easily _______ when you apply gentle pressure. Some cuts are so deep that they expose the dermis or _______ . People with deep cuts, scrapes, and puncture wounds may also need a vaccine to prevent tetanus, a _______ infection associated with these types of wounds.
Puncture wounds—such as _______ from nails, thorns, or other sharp objects—usually bleed a small amount and appear to close up right away. The object that caused the puncture, however, can introduce bacteria deep into the tissues where it can become trapped and cause infections.
Required
10
Severe Bleeding
The most important part of first aid for severe bleeding is the application of pressure to the wound. Other steps slow blood loss by careful positioning of the body. Use the following response plan when providing first aid to someone experiencing severe bleeding:
- _______ to wound using a sterile bandage, if possible.
- Position the _______ than the heart.
- Continue applying pressure and _______ with gauze and bandages.
- Keep the injured _______ .
- _______ the injured person for _______ (Figure 13.25).
Required
10
Bites and Stings
People may experience bites from _______ , such as dogs or cats. Wild animals, such as raccoons or snakes, may also bite people. Common biting and stinging insects include _______ , wasps, _______ , and some types of ants.
All animal bites require a doctor’s attention. Bite wounds that _______ the skin carry the risk of vector-borne infection. For example, the _______ infects the nerves, brain, and spinal cord. The disease is fatal if not treated immediately, before the virus reaches the brain and symptoms begin. Until you see the doctor, you can wash the bite wound with soap and water, cover it with a _______ , and elevate the affected area.
Mild reactions to insect bites are common, and often include _______ at the site of the bite. Treat these reactions with cool cloths, calamine lotion, or _______ hydrocortisone cream if the itching is severe.
More _______ are typically associated with stings from bees, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire ants. The _______ of these insects triggers pain, swelling, and redness. Some people develop hives—a swollen, fluid-filled skin rash (Figure 13.26). Treat these stings with cold compresses or ice, pain reliever, elevation of the stung area, and rest. Use tweezers to remove any stingers stuck in the skin, wash the area, and apply hydrocortisone cream to relieve swelling and itching.
A few people experience an extremely severe, life-threatening allergic reaction to insect stings, called anaphylaxis. _______ is an allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing. This type of reaction requires immediate emergency care or the person could die. People who have such _______ reactions often have medication such as the EpiPen® (Figure 13.27).
Required
10
Electrical Shock
_______ occurs when the body is in contact with an _______ . The shock could come from fallen power lines or damaged or frayed cords or wiring. People also get shocked when standing in flooded streets or basements. In these situations, the water _______ to the body from electrical wires, outlets, or downed power lines.
An electrical shock may cause _______ , internal injuries, _______ , or even death. Use the first-aid steps in Figure 13.28 to treat electrical shock while waiting for _______ help to arrive.
Required
10
Burns
Burns are common injuries that range from _______ . Causes of a burn can include exposure to any source of heat and energy such as fire, burning or smoldering materials, steam, hot surfaces, or extremely hot gases and liquids. _______ , electric current, and the sun are also possible causes of burns.
All types of burns can seriously _______ . Dangerous complications from burns include infection, shock, dehydration, pain, and immobility of the affected body part. _______ is essential for all burns. To give appropriate first aid, you need to identify whether the burn is a first-, second-, or _______ burn (Figure 13.29).
Required
10
Respond to Medical Emergencies
A medical emergency is an _______ , life-threatening situation. Examples of medical emergencies may include a person choking or requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (_______ ). When medical emergencies such as these arise, call 911 right away. Then, using appropriate _______ , follow an emergency response plan. These medical emergencies require an immediate _______ response. Otherwise, the injured person could die.
Required
10
Choking
_______ is a medical emergency in which an object, such as a piece of food, _______ . This means that a choking person cannot breathe. Choking may occur when people chew their food too quickly or when young children put objects in their mouths.
Many people instinctively grab their _______ with both hands when they are choking, but there are other signs as well. If you know these signs, you can quickly recognize when someone is choking and provide help. The following are signs of choking:
- hand signals or _______
- wheezing
- inability to breathe normally
- inability to talk or make noise
- inability to cough or _______
- _______
- _______ , lips, and nails
The American Red Cross recommends the _______ method for helping a person who is choking (Figure 13.30). This method involves a series of back blows alternating with abdominal thrusts, which force air out of the choking person’s lungs. This should help push the stuck object out of the airway. Abdominal thrusts are also called the Heimlich maneuver.
Required
10
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Your _______ and your _______ in air to keep you alive. Medical emergencies in which a person’s heart stops beating or someone stops breathing are life-threatening. In these situations, first aid and medical care must begin as soon as possible to restore breathing and heartbeat. The main technique used to _______ and _______ is cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or _______ .
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an _______ that uses chest compressions to restore heartbeat. Full CPR involves mouth-to-mouth breathing, or rescue breaths. Hands-Only™ CPR only involves chest compressions. The American Heart Association (AHA) and the _______ recommend that rescuers use Hands-Only™ CPR for adults in most cases. This is because rescue breaths require training, and almost anyone can perform _______ without training. Hands-Only™ CPR delivers _______ to people who experience cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest describes a condition in which the heart stops beating. Figure 13.31 describes how to perform Hands-Only™ CPR for adults.
Do not slow down or stop performing CPR until _______ arrive, or an _______ (AED) is available and ready for use. This rescue device delivers a controlled, precise shock to the heart and gives automated instructions (Figure 13.32). An _______ can restore a person’s heartbeat after cardiac arrest. Hands-Only™ CPR and AEDs can be used even by people with little or no training.