Lesson 13.3 Knowing Basic First Aid

Last updated 8 days ago

13 questions

Required

Lesson 13.3 Knowing Basic First Aid

Last updated 8 days ago

13 questions

Required

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
anaphylaxis		treatment given in the first moments of an accident or injury—usually before medical professionals arrive on the scene
standard precautions		infection control practices that apply when giving first aid to any person under any circumstances
first aid		urgent, life-threatening situation
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)		allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing
anaphylaxis		emergency procedure that uses chest compressions to restore heartbeat; may also involve mouth-to-mouth
medical emergency		allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing
first-aid kit		container that includes the supplies needed to treat most types of minor injuries

Required

Keep a First-Aid Kit on Hand
To administer _______ , you need to have certain _______  on hand. A _______  contains the supplies needed to treat many types of minor injuries. You can put together your own kit or purchase a ready-made kit at most drugstores or from the _______ . The American Red Cross suggests keeping a first-aid kit in the home and in vehicles. When spending time doing _______ , such as hiking or camping, it is a good idea to carry a first-aid kit with you. Keep the first-aid kit out of reach and out of sight of _______ , and away from family pets. Figure 13.21 shows supplies often included in a first-aid kit.

Required

Determine If You Can Help
Before _______  any first aid, you need to check the scene to determine if you can safely help the _______ . If you cannot safely get to the person because of that person's location, or because of hazardous conditions, call _______ . Do not risk becoming injured yourself. If you can _______  and provide help, then stay calm and use your knowledge to implement the following response plan:
1.Check the injured _______ . Do a very quick _______  of the situation. Is the person _______ , or is the person unresponsive? Does the injury appear to be life-threatening? Signs of a life-threatening injury may include the following:
severe _______ 
_______  or no breathing
_______ —a life-threatening condition in which the vital organs do not receive enough blood and oxygen unconsciousness—the person passes out and cannot be awakened
Do not move the person unless you must leave a dangerous situation.

2. Call 911. As soon as you can, _______  or your local emergency services, or tell someone else to call while you perform first aid (Figure 13.22). If you are at school, tell a teacher or coach about the emergency. These _______  may be able to call 911 or help give first aid while you call 911.

3. Give _______ . If possible, ask the injured person whether that person wants to receive first aid. This is called obtaining consent, and it is typically done for legal reasons. Under the law, you may perform first aid without consent if the person is unconscious or a child.

Required

Provide Treatment for Common Injuries
By learning and _______  first-aid skills, you will be able to _______ , think clearly, act rationally, and follow a response plan for an injury. By studying Chapter 8, you have already learned how to treat sprains and know what to do if a bone becomes _______  or dislocated. In the following sections, you will learn about standard precautions and basic first-aid treatments for some other common injuries.

Required

Standard Precautions
A person giving first aid is often at risk for _______ . This is because first-aid procedures often bring a person in contact with _______  (Figure 13.23). People who perform first aid should follow standard precautions to protect themselves from infection.

Standard precautions are _______  based on universal precautions. Standard precautions were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Like universal precautions, standard precautions protect from bloodborne infections, such as _______ . Standard precautions, however, also protect from _______  by respiratory droplets.

Standard precautions apply when giving _______  to any person under any circumstances. An example of a standard precaution is to wear _______  when there is a risk of contact with blood or bodily fluids that may contain blood. _______  with soap and water after giving first aid is another example of a standard precaution.

Required

Cuts, Scrapes, and Puncture Wounds
A person who gets a _______  or scrape often does not need to receive _______  medical treatment. Some bleeding may occur, but the bleeding will often stop on its own. If the _______  does not stop, follow the response plan in Figure 13.24.

_______  usually require _______  provided by a medical professional. A cut is considered deep if the edges of the cut do not easily _______  when you apply gentle pressure. Some cuts are so deep that they expose the dermis or _______ . People with deep cuts, scrapes, and puncture wounds may also need a vaccine to prevent tetanus, a _______  infection associated with these types of wounds.

Puncture wounds—such as _______  from nails, thorns, or other sharp objects—usually bleed a small amount and appear to close up right away. The object that caused the puncture, however, can introduce bacteria deep into the tissues where it can become trapped and cause infections.

Required

Severe Bleeding
The most important part of first aid for severe bleeding is the application of pressure to the wound. Other steps slow blood loss by careful positioning of the body. Use the following response plan when providing first aid to someone experiencing severe bleeding:
_______  to wound using a sterile bandage, if possible.
Position the _______  than the heart.
Continue applying pressure and _______  with gauze and bandages.
Keep the injured _______ .
_______  the injured person for _______  (Figure 13.25).

Required

Bites and Stings
People may experience bites from _______ , such as dogs or cats. Wild animals, such as raccoons or snakes, may also bite people. Common biting and stinging insects include _______ , wasps, _______ , and some types of ants.

All animal bites require a doctor’s attention. Bite wounds that _______  the skin carry the risk of vector-borne infection. For example, the _______  infects the nerves, brain, and spinal cord. The disease is fatal if not treated immediately, before the virus reaches the brain and symptoms begin. Until you see the doctor, you can wash the bite wound with soap and water, cover it with a _______ , and elevate the affected area.

Mild reactions to insect bites are common, and often include _______  at the site of the bite. Treat these reactions with cool cloths, calamine lotion, or _______  hydrocortisone cream if the itching is severe.

More _______  are typically associated with stings from bees, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire ants. The _______  of these insects triggers pain, swelling, and redness. Some people develop hives—a swollen, fluid-filled skin rash (Figure 13.26). Treat these stings with cold compresses or ice, pain reliever, elevation of the stung area, and rest. Use tweezers to remove any stingers stuck in the skin, wash the area, and apply hydrocortisone cream to relieve swelling and itching.

A few people experience an extremely severe, life-threatening allergic reaction to insect stings, called anaphylaxis. _______  is an allergic response in which fluid fills the lungs and air passages narrow, restricting breathing. This type of reaction requires immediate emergency care or the person could die. People who have such _______  reactions often have medication such as the EpiPen® (Figure 13.27).

Required

Electrical Shock
_______  occurs when the body is in contact with an _______ . The shock could come from fallen power lines or damaged or frayed cords or wiring. People also get shocked when standing in flooded streets or basements. In these situations, the water _______  to the body from electrical wires, outlets, or downed power lines.
An electrical shock may cause _______ , internal injuries, _______ , or even death. Use the first-aid steps in Figure 13.28 to treat electrical shock while waiting for _______  help to arrive.

Required

Burns
Burns are common injuries that range from _______ . Causes of a burn can include exposure to any source of heat and energy such as fire, burning or smoldering materials, steam, hot surfaces, or extremely hot gases and liquids. _______ , electric current, and the sun are also possible causes of burns.

All types of burns can seriously _______ . Dangerous complications from burns include infection, shock, dehydration, pain, and immobility of the affected body part. _______  is essential for all burns. To give appropriate first aid, you need to identify whether the burn is a first-, second-, or _______  burn (Figure 13.29).

Required

Respond to Medical Emergencies
A medical emergency is an _______ , life-threatening situation. Examples of medical emergencies may include a person choking or requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (_______ ). When medical emergencies such as these arise, call 911 right away. Then, using appropriate _______ , follow an emergency response plan. These medical emergencies require an immediate _______  response. Otherwise, the injured person could die.

Required

Choking
_______  is a medical emergency in which an object, such as a piece of food, _______ . This means that a choking person cannot breathe. Choking may occur when people chew their food too quickly or when young children put objects in their mouths.
Many people instinctively grab their _______  with both hands when they are choking, but there are other signs as well. If you know these signs, you can quickly recognize when someone is choking and provide help. The following are signs of choking:
hand signals or _______ 
wheezing
inability to breathe normally
inability to talk or make noise
inability to cough or _______ 
_______ 
_______ , lips, and nails
The American Red Cross recommends the _______  method for helping a person who is choking (Figure 13.30). This method involves a series of back blows alternating with abdominal thrusts, which force air out of the choking person’s lungs. This should help push the stuck object out of the airway. Abdominal thrusts are also called the Heimlich maneuver.

Required

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Your _______  and your _______  in air to keep you alive. Medical emergencies in which a person’s heart stops beating or someone stops breathing are life-threatening. In these situations, first aid and medical care must begin as soon as possible to restore breathing and heartbeat. The main technique used to _______  and _______  is cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or _______ .

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an _______  that uses chest compressions to restore heartbeat. Full CPR involves mouth-to-mouth breathing, or rescue breaths. Hands-Only™ CPR only involves chest compressions. The American Heart Association (AHA) and the _______  recommend that rescuers use Hands-Only™ CPR for adults in most cases. This is because rescue breaths require training, and almost anyone can perform _______  without training. Hands-Only™ CPR delivers _______  to people who experience cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest describes a condition in which the heart stops beating. Figure 13.31 describes how to perform Hands-Only™ CPR for adults.

Do not slow down or stop performing CPR until _______  arrive, or an _______  (AED) is available and ready for use. This rescue device delivers a controlled, precise shock to the heart and gives automated instructions (Figure 13.32). An _______  can restore a person’s heartbeat after cardiac arrest. Hands-Only™ CPR and AEDs can be used even by people with little or no training.