Impression Evidence - Edmond Cooper | Library

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Which documentation method uses photographs alongside calibrated measurement tools to preserve the scene in two-dimensional layout?

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Which documentation method uses photographs alongside calibrated measurement tools to preserve the scene in three-dimensional layout?

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Which forensic discipline analyzes firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases and link evidence to a specific weapon?

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Which firearms term describe the internal diameter of a gun's barrel used to compare different types of firearms?

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Which type of tooth positioned anterior to the premolars is adapted for grasping and tearing food?

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What is the forensic term for a three-dimensional positive reproduction of an object's shape such as a footwear impression, bite mark, or toolmark typically created?

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Which category of evidence relies on inference rather than direct observation requiring investigators to connect facts to reach a conclusion?

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Which type of evidentiary characteristic can narrow an item to a class, category, or brand but cannot uniquely identify a specific source or suspect?

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Which type of biological evidence could be recovered from saliva deposited in a bite mark and analyzed to produce a genetic profile?

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What is the forensic term for objects or materials that preserve the pattern, shape, or markings of another object as a result of direct contact?

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Which teeth, located between the canines across the anterior dental arch features a thin, chisel shaped edge specialized for cutting and slicing food?

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Which type of evidentiary characteristics are individualizing so distinctive that they can associate evidence with one specific source rather than a broader class?

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Which posterior teeth characterized by broad crowns and multiple cups are primarily adapted for crushing and grinding food during mastication?

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Which Forensic specialty focuses on examining dental anatomy, restorations, and tooth patterns characteristics to interpret bite mark evidence and identify unknown human remains?

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Which forensic term refers to materials that can be tested and examined; such as blood, fingerprints, toolmarks, etc.?

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Which type of microscopic marking left on a spent cartridge case, produced by a firearm's internal components during firing can be compared to test fires to help associate the casing with a specific gun?

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Firearms analysis plays a critical role in forensic investigations involving gun-related crimes. When a firearm is discharged, internal components such as the firing pin, breech face, and extractor interact with the cartridge case, leaving microscopic markings. These markings are not intentionally manufactured but result from random imperfections formed during production and wear over time. While characteristics like caliber can narrow a weapon to a general category, microscopic markings may allow examiners to associate evidence with a specific firearm. This comparison is performed by test-firing a suspected weapon and examining similarities under a comparison microscope.

Which idea is most strongly supported by the passage?

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Which type of forensic analyzes and examines marks left by tools on objects or a surface at a crime scene or on a victim to help determine what tool was used and how it may relate to the offense?

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Which fingerprint term refers to the grooves/furrows or the recessed spaces between friction ridges that form alternating ridges and patterns used for identification?

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Which footwear evidence feature develops over time from an individual's gait, mechanics, weight distribution, and foot structure producing distinctive patterns on ones shoe?

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Which teeth located posterior to the second molars and not present in all individuals and are commonly referred to as the third molar?

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When evaluating a suspected bite injury, which observable color changes in the surrounding tissue can provide time since the bite occurred?

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Which anatomical term refers specifically to the upper jaw bone?

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Which anatomical term refers specifically to our lower jaw bone?

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Forensic odontology involves the examination of dental structures to assist with identification and analysis of bite injuries. Teeth differ in function and form: incisors cut, canines tear, and molars grind food. In some cases, investigators analyze bite marks found on victims or objects, looking at tooth spacing, shape, and arch patterns. Biological material such as saliva may also be present, allowing for DNA analysis. However, forensic professionals emphasize that bite-mark interpretation—particularly when estimating the time of injury based on discoloration—must be handled cautiously due to differences in skin elasticity, healing rates, and individual physiology.

Why does the author emphasize caution when interpreting bite-mark evidence?

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Impression evidence includes marks left when an object comes into contact with a surface, transferring its shape or pattern. Footwear impressions are especially valuable because shoes can retain characteristics from both manufacturing and use. While tread design may link a shoe to a brand or model, wear patterns caused by gait, posture, and foot structure can develop over time. These features may help distinguish one shoe from others of the same type. Investigators often create casts or photographic documentation with measurement tools to preserve these impressions for later comparison.

Which distinction is central to the discussion of footwear evidence in the passage?