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Fall Semester Exam Retake

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Last updated over 1 year ago
36 questions
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B.C.2G
B.C.6A
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B.C.10A
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B.C.2H
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B.C.2H
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B.C.10A
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B.C.2G
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B.C.2G
B.C.9A
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B.C.6A
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B.C.2G
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B.C.9A
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B.C.3A
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B.C.5C
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B.C.6B
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B.C.6A
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B.C.10A
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B.C.3E
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B.C.2H
B.C.9A
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B.C.2H
B.C.5A
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B.C.2H
B.C.4C
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B.C.10A
Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Question 6
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Question 7
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Question 8
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Question 9
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Question 17
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Question 19
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Question 20
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Question 23
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Question 25
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Question 26
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Question 27
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Question 28
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Question 29
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Question 30
30.

Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?
Required
1
B.C.2H
B.C.4B
Question 32
32.

Question 33
33.

Question 34
34.

Question 35
35.

Question 36
36.

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box.


Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?
1, 3, 5, and 6 only
3 and 5 only
2 and 4 only
3, 4, 7, and 8 only
Which four body systems interact to allow a person to sneeze?
Muscular, immune, nervous, respiratory
Nervous, respiratory, circulatory, skeletal
Respiratory, endocrine, skeletal, circulatory
Lymphatic, skeletal, respiratory, muscular
Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown.


Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?
Cell W
Cell X
Cell Y
Cell Z
A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.


Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?
Both transport proteins throughout the structures.
Both provide energy for activities in the structures.
Both protect genetic information for the structures.
Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.
Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein.

What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?
The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.
The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.
The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.
The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.
A type of cellular transport is shown.


Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?
Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots.

How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?
Gibberellins are absorbed through the stomata and attach to chloroplasts.
Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant.
Gibberellins become concentrated within the tissues of the plant during mitosis.
Gibberellins become modified once they infect healthy cells and are later released to infect other cells.
The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.


Which other molecule is a product of this process?
DNA
RNA
C6 H12 O6
ATP
When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as —
a tumor
an embryo
a gland
an organ
The fuzzy millipede, Polyxenus fasciculatus, is found in Texas and is preyed upon by most species of ants. To protect itself against the ants, it ejects fibers from a tuft located at the tail end of its body. The tufts have hooks at the tips and barbs along their length that lock and interlink with the ant’s setae, small hairs that cover the body of the ant. When an ant attacks, the millipede flexes its back end toward the ant and wipes the tufts against it. As the ant attempts to remove the tufts, it entangles itself more, becoming immobilized.


Which two systems most directly interact in the fuzzy millipede’s defense against ants?
Muscular and integumentary
Immune and muscular
Integumentary and endocrine
Endocrine and immune
In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise.

Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?
The water concentration in the blood increases.
Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended.
Muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature.
An increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells.
In 1898 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of the highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscopic infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce.

Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?
A bacterium, because it is contagious
A fungus, because it infects livestock
A protist, because it is microscopic
A virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce
A chart of some plant systems and functions is shown.


Which system interactions are dependent on the plant’s ability to respond to the direction of light?
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
A feedback mechanism in the human body is shown.


Based on this diagram, which two systems interact to maintain homeostasis?
The nervous and reproductive systems work together to stimulate the production of insulin.
The circulatory and endocrine systems work together to keep blood sugar levels constant.
The excretory and nervous systems work together to convert glycogen into glucose.
The immune and circulatory systems work together to circulate blood through the pancreas.
A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown.


Which list correctly matches the functions to the types of carbohydrates?
Energy: glycogen and starch
Structure: cellulose and chitin
Energy: cellulose and chitin
Structure: glycogen and starch
Energy: chitin and glycogen
Structure: cellulose and starch
Energy: cellulose and starch
Structure: chitin and glycogen
A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

3’ AGGTCAGGT 5’
Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?
5’ AGGTCAGGT 3’
5’ ACCUGAGGU 3’
5’ TGGACTGGA 3’
5’ TCCAGTCCA 3’
Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis.
Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration.
Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.
Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?
Transmembrane proteins span the width of cell membranes. Four types of transmembrane proteins are shown in a section of cell membrane.


Although these proteins have different specific functions, they all —
stop chemical reactions within the cell
synthesize molecules that signal other cells
help the cell interact with its external environment
remove large waste particles from the cytoplasm of the cell
When the skin comes in contact with an irritant, receptors in the skin send signals to the spinal cord. The signal is then sent to the brain for processing, and the individual begins to scratch the affected area. Which two systems are most likely interacting when a person experiences itching caused by a skin irritant?
Circulatory and excretory
Integumentary and nervous
Digestive and muscular
Respiratory and lymphatic
During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in —
the formation of tumors
the immediate death of the cell
the transfer of cyclins to other cells
the formation of haploid cells
Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?
The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose.
The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.
The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.
A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram.


Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?
Nucleotide
Phosphate group
Hydrogen bond
Deoxyribose
Which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule?
ATP carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms. DNA serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.
ATP provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA carries and transmits the genetic information of organisms.
ATP serves as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. DNA acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants.
ATP acts as a structural sugar in the cell walls of plants. DNA provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell.
Which statement describes the process of osmosis in an animal cell?
Sugar molecules move across the plasma membrane until the cell has enough energy to grow in size and divide.
Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.
Ions move across the plasma membrane until the inside of the cell has a higher concentration of positive charges.
Enzymes move across the plasma membrane until the cell has completed metabolism.
For an enzyme to be able to catalyze a reaction, the active site must —
be occupied by an inhibitor
increase the activation energy level
have a complementary shape to the substrate
cause the enzyme to be destroyed in the reaction
A flower that has both male and female reproductive structures is shown.


Which statement best describes an interaction that will allow a flowering plant to reproduce by self-pollination?
An anther is transferred from a filament to another filament within the same flower.
An ovule is transferred from the ovary to a petal on a different flower.
A pollen grain is transferred from an anther to the stigma of the same flower.
An ovary is transferred from a flower on one plant to a flower on a different plant.
Breaking down food for nutrients involves many body systems. A student made a partial list of the processes that occur.


Which body systems interact most directly in the three listed processes?
Digestive Integumentary Muscular
Excretory Immune Muscular
Circulatory Excretory Immune
Circulatory Digestive Endocrine
Materials are provided to students to build models of a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell, and a virus. The materials and the structures they represent are listed in the table shown.


Which material will students use in all three models?
Yellow paper oval
Gray paper hexagon
Blue yarn
Purple buttons
A student makes a Venn diagram to compare the functions of carbohydrates and lipids.


Which cellular function of carbohydrates and lipids should be placed in the shared section of the Venn diagram?
Hormone production
Structural support of cell walls
Energy storage
Catalyst for chemical reactions
Question 31
31.

The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase.


Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?
The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.
The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.
The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.
The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.
A diagram of an HIV infection is shown.


Which conclusion about the HIV infection of a host cell is best supported by the diagram?
It takes place outside of living cells.
It relies on the host cell to reproduce.
It involves the process of meiosis.
It requires carbon dioxide.
Students set up a controlled experiment by growing the same type of seedlings in two different locations. After a period of time, the students observed the seedlings and recorded their observations in the table shown.


What caused the shoots of the seedlings on the windowsill to bend toward the window?
Hormones produced in response to a light stimulus
Sugars produced in response to a gravity stimulus
Carbon dioxide produced in response to a water stimulus
Water produced in response to a nitrogen stimulus
An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache. The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus. Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?
Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it
Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever
Which statement best describes an interaction between the muscular system and the respiratory system?
The hormone adrenaline causes blood vessels to contract and send more blood to major muscles.
Metabolic wastes generated by muscle cells are eliminated in urine.
The diaphragm contracts causing the chest cavity to expand, which draws air into the lungs.
Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are transported in blood to the brain.
Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?