Use the following to make a set of notes on this topic
8.1 Recall that hydrocarbons are ______________ that contain ___________ and hydrogen only.
Other Answer Choices:
mixtures
compounds
carbon
Question 2
2.
Use the following to make a set of notes on this topic
8.1 Recall that hydrocarbons are _______ that contain _______ and hydrogen only.
Question 3
3.
Make notes
8.2 Describe crude oil as:
a) a complex ____________ of _________________
b) containing ______________ in which carbon atoms are in chains or rings
c) an important source of useful substances (__________ and feedstock for the petrochemical industry)
d) a ___________ resource. (will run out)
Other Answer Choices:
mixture
finite
hydrocarbons
fuels
molecules
Question 4
4.
Make notes
8.2 Describe crude oil as:
a) a complex _______ of _______
b) containing _______ in which carbon atoms are in chains or rings
c) an important source of useful substances (_______ and feedstock for the petrochemical industry)
d) a _______ resource. (will run out)
Question 5
5.
Question 6
6.
Question 7
7.
Other Answer Choices:
top
bottom
vaporize
condense
collected
lower
Question 8
8.
Copy this diagram into your notes and add the comments below.
From the bottom to the top the temperature __________ d
From the bottom to the top the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon __________ d
From the bottom to the top the chain length __________ d
From the bottom to the top the viscosity __________ d
From the bottom to the top the volatility __________ i
From the bottom to the top the flammability (ease of ignition) __________ i
Question 9
9.
Fractional distillation and hydrocarbon properties
1 = _____________
2 = _____________
3 = _________________
4 = ________________
Other Answer Choices:
condense
the longest
the shortest
vaporise
Question 10
10.
Question 11
11.
Draggable item
arrow_right_alt
Corresponding Item
arrow_right_alt
arrow_right_alt
arrow_right_alt
arrow_right_alt
arrow_right_alt
arrow_right_alt
Question 12
12.
Question 13
13.
Question 14
14.
Other Answer Choices:
between
gas
energy
separate
molecules
boiling
more
higher
Question 15
15.
Test your self on the specification point 8.1.
Other Answer Choices:
finite
substances
only
atoms
hydrocarbons
mixture
rings
Question 16
16.
Other Answer Choices:
combustion
formula
increases
boiling
compounds
Question 17
17.
Other Answer Choices:
formula
combustion
increases
compounds
boiling
Question 18
18.
Question 19
19.
Question 20
20.
Question 21
21.
Question 22
22.
Question 23
23.
Question 24
24.
Question 25
25.
Question 26
26.
Question 27
27.
Question 28
28.
Question 29
29.
Crude oil is
a complex mixture of hydrocarbons
containing molecules in chains or rings
an important source of useful substances
a finite resource
How is crude oil separated into simpler mixtures?
crystallization
fractional distillation
filtration
chemical reaction
Make a set of notes to explain how fractional distillation is used the separate the fractions in crude oil
Heating: Crude oil is heated to a high temperature (around 350°C) in a furnace, causing it to _____________ .
Fractionating Column: The hot vaporized crude oil enters the ___________ of a fractionating column.
Temperature Gradient: There is a temperature gradient within the column, with the hottest temperature at the bottom and the coolest at the ________ .
Condensation: As the vaporized crude oil rises through the column, it cools. Hydrocarbons with higher boiling points condense back into liquids at __________ levels in the column, where the temperature is higher. Hydrocarbons with lower boiling points continue to rise until they reach a cooler level where they _____________ .
Collection: The condensed liquid fractions are ______________ on the trays and drawn off through pipes.
a
b
c
d
Make a table of the fractions and their typical uses
fuel oil,
used in domestic heating and cooking
kerosene
used as fuel for cars
diesel oil
used as fuel for aircraft
bitumen
used as fuel for some cars and trains
petrol
used as fuel for large ships and in some power stations
gases,
used to surface roads and roofs .
What is petrol used as?
a) used in domestic heating and cooking
b) fuel for cars
d) used for road surfacing
c) fuel for aircraft
How do hydrocarbons in different fractions differ?
b) the color they exhibit
a) the number of carbon atoms
d) the shape of molecules
c) the location of production
This is a typical structure and bonding 6 mark question and is worth having as a model answer in your notes.
Describe the relationship shown by the graph and use ideas about forces between molecules to explain this relationship.
The more carbons the higher the ____________ point
The _________ carbons the larger the molecules.
larger molecules have ___________ boiling points
Larger molecules have larger forces ____________ them
The larger the forces between the molecules the more ___________ is required for them to break out of a liquid and become a ________
the more energy needed to _____________ the molecules, the higher the boiling point of the hydrocarbon
the larger / more the forces between the ______________ the higher the boiling point
(The key idea is that we are overcoming the intermolecularforces not breaking the strong covalent bonds so the values are low and the first 3 are gasses at room temperature).
Complete and copy into your notes
8.6 Explain an homologous series as a series of ______________ which:
a) have the same general ____________ (e.g. CnH2n+2 for alkanes and CnH2n for alkenes)
b) differ by ________ in molecular formulae from neighbouring compounds. (The alkanes methane, ethane, propane and butane have the formulae CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and C4H10)
CH2
Complete and copy into your notes
c) show a gradual variation in physical properties, as exemplified by their ____________ points which increases as the chain length ______________
d) have similar chemical properties for example alkanes can undergo _______________
CH2
Complete combustion of methane
1
2
3
4
Soot (carbon)
Water (0% in dry air)
Oxygen (21%)
Carbon dioxide (0.03%)
Which gas in the air reacts with the hydrocarbon?
The gas that condenses and collects in the U tube is
The gas that makes the limewater go cloudy is
Deposits of ________________ would form on the funnel
Combustion and reversible reactions
Carbon Monoxide
Water vapour
Carbon (soot)
Carbon dioxide
Homologous series (family) and general formula
a
B
C
D
Methane
a
B
C
D
Match the diagram to the category�
Alkane
Polymer
alkene
Crude oil molecule
it is a polymer
it is a saturated compound
it is an alkene
it reacts with bromine water and turns it colourless
the carbon-carbon bonds are covalent bonds
Propene structure
A
B
C
D
Propene formula
C₃H₃
C₃H₆
C₃H₇
C₃H₈
The main difference between alkenes and alkanes is that alkenes have . . .
