Semester 1 Final-Honors Chemistry (KJ)

Use the following to answer questions 1-3: 

Crude oil is the name for the raw, thick, black oil mined directly from the Earth’s surface. Crude oil is refined into gasoline and other useful hydrocarbon compounds, such as jet fuel or propane. This refining is carried out in three main steps, using both the chemical and physical properties of the substances present in the crude oil mixture to separate the mixture’s different parts.
The mixture is initially separated by carefully heating it through a process called distillation, which recaptures vaporized liquids through condensation after they have reached their different boiling points.  Since only one liquid component of the mixture boils at a time in each part of the refinery’s distillation tower, the different liquid components of the crude oil can be separated by boiling and condensing without changing their chemical identity.
The leftover chunks of gooey solid at the bottom of the distillation tower that never boil, called bitumen, are periodically filtered out too and used as a major component in producing asphalt for roads. One gaseous byproduct of the refining process is hydrogen sulfide gas.  If released directly to the atmosphere, this gas dissolves in water vapor present in the air, producing hydrosulfuric acid, which is one major source of acid rain.  To prevent some of this type of pollution, the gas is reacted with oxygen to transform the H2S into H2O and S.  This sulfur is then sold to fertilizer producers in the agriculture industry.
Although steps are taken to minimize the pollution produced from the refining of crude oil, no significantly effective treatments have been discovered to prevent the slower, but extremely dangerous effects of releasing more and more carbon into the atmosphere by burning the fuels derived from crude oil and other fossil fuels.  The continued use of fossil fuels directly impacts the planet’s global weather patterns and thus represents a serious threat to human and nonhuman ecosystems alike.

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1

Which of the following parts of the process that refines crude oil is not a physical change?

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Which of the substances listed below, and described in the passage are elements?
- crude oil - gasoline
- oxygen - sulfur
- hydrogen sulfide - water

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The passage describes the bottom chamber of the distillation tower as being full of liquid crude oil mixed with solid chunks of bitumen that have sunk to the bottom. From the choices below, choose the best description for this mixture in the bottom of the chamber with the appropriate explanation for why the description is accurate.

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1

Tablets and cell phones emit blue light that disrupts sleep patterns when viewed before going to bed. The longest wavelength that corresponds to blue light is 495 nm. What is the frequency of that radiation?

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1

Which statements about emission spectra are true?
I. Two different elements can have the exact same emission spectrum.
II. Light is produced when the nucleus of an atom is energized and then releases neutrons.
III. An emission spectrum is produced when electrons rise in energy levels.
IV. The emission spectrum for an element shows discrete bands of light.

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1

Red waves have a higher wavelength than violet waves. Pick the answer that correctly describes the frequency and energy of red waves.

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The electromagnetic spectrum includes a variety of types of waves. Two examples are Ultraviolet and X-rays. Which type of wave has the longest wavelength?

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1

Most of the light from a sodium vapor lamp has a wavelength of 589 nm. How many meters is that wavelength?

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1

At maximum, a p-orbital can hold _ electrons, d-orbital can hold _ electrons, and an f-orbital can hold ___ electrons.

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1

Which of the following represents the electron configuration for Manganese?

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1

Which electron configuration below is incorrect:

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The magnesium spectrum has a line at 266.8 nm. Which of these statements about this wavelength is/are correct?
i. It has a higher frequency than radiation with wavelength 402 nm
ii. It is visible to the eye
iii. It has a greater speed in a vacuum than does red light of wavelength 652 nm.
iv. Its wavelength is longer than that of x-rays.

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Using dimensional analysis, how many meters does a car moving at 95.0 km/h travel in 1.0 s?

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"The Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. contains 36,941 marble blocks and is 169 meters tall. The apex of the monument is made of 2801 grams of aluminum metal and lays on a foundation that is 1400. square meters. If you were to climb to the top, you would have to traverse a total of 893 stairs!" How many significant figures are in the underlined numbered?

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The largest cut diamond in the world is the Golden Jubilee Diamond with a mass of 1.091x105 mg. How many kilograms is this?

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Given the information in the table above, determine the density for Metal Z.

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1

Given the information in the table above, determine the volume for Metal Y.

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1

Cobalt (III) chloride is a compound used in the making of nanoalloys. What is the formula for this compound?

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1

Which theories about the nature of an atom did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment help prove?
I. The nucleus is miniscule in comparison to the rest of the atom.
II. The nucleus is positively charged.
III. Most of the atom is empty space.
IV. The electrons are primarily located in the nucleus.

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1

What is the length of the pencil in the following image?

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1

The proper name for Ca3N2 is:

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1

Which of the following properties is most likely to distinguish ionic compounds from covalent compounds?

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1

Silver has two isotopes, silver-107 and silver-109. Silver's atomic number is 47 and its atomic mass is 107.868 amu. What statement about the silver isotopes is true?

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1

What is the correct formula for ammonium phosphate?

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1

The isotope of element Z was just discovered and was given the following isotopic notation:
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this isotope of element Z contain?

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1

The element rubidium (85.47 amu) has two naturally occurring isotopes, rubidium-85 and rubidium-87. Determine the percent abundance of the lightest isotope if their relative atomic masses are 84.91 amu and 86.91 amu.

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1

It has been determined that the color blue has a higher frequency than the color red, which statement is true comparing the wavelengths and energies?

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1

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light in tanning booths significantly increases the risk of skin cancer. What is the energy of a photon of UV light with a wavelength of 3.00 x 10-7 m?

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1

Which of the following most accurately describes the issue with the orbital diagram below:

I. Electrons must have opposite spin to occupy the same suborbital
II. Electrons fill from orbitals of lowest energy first
III. Orbitals need to be filled with one electron first in each suborbital before being paired up

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1

What is the name of the following compound: NBr?

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What is the formula dinitrogen pentoxide?

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You are given a compound with the formula MCl2, in which M is a metal. You are told that the metal ion has 18 electrons. What is the identity of the metal?

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Based on the mass spectrometry data below, what number would you expect Mg to have an average atomic mass closest to?

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1

Based on the mass spectrometry data below, calculate the average atomic mass of Mg given the data below.

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1

Arrange these elements in order of increasing ionization energy (smallest to greatest).
Cl, As, Rb, Fe

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1

Which element has the largest atomic radius?

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1

What is the name of the following: PBr5

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1

The overall charge of any nucleus should always be ______________.

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1

Phosphorus has how many electrons in its outermost energy level (how many valence electrons does it have)?

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1

Which of the following is a metalloid with electrons in the 4th energy level and whose electron configuration ends in p2?

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1

Which element has the greatest electronegativity?

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1

Metals ______ electrons to form _ions.

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1

What do the elements fluorine, chlorine, and bromine have in common?

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1

An atom with the atomic number 56 can form a/an with a charge of .

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1

How many total electrons are in the ion that Aluminum forms?

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1

Which of the following is the expected configuration for the ion that Selenium forms, Se2-?

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1

What periodic table trend is demonstrated by the graph above?

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What can explain the sharp increase in values that are seen on the graph (e.g. atomic #2 → atomic #3, atomic #10 → atomic #11, etc.)?

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1

What is the name for Ni3PO4?

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1

Which particle diagram represents a sample of matter that can not be broken down by chemical means?

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1

Consider the orbital diagram for the following elements. Assuming all atoms are in the ground state, which of the following contains exactly two unpaired electrons?

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1

The compound CCl4 is nonflammable and was once commonly used in fire extinguishers. On the basis of the periodic properties, which of the following compounds can most likely be used as a fire-resistance chemical?

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1

Which of the following correctly identifies which has a higher first- ionization energy, Cl or Ar, and supplies the best justification?

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1

Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

Required

1

Which of the following parts of the process that refines crude oil is not a physical change?

Which of the substances listed below, and described in the passage are elements?- crude oil - gasoline- oxygen - sulfur- hydrogen sulfide - water

Tablets and cell phones emit blue light that disrupts sleep patterns when viewed before going to bed. The longest wavelength that corresponds to blue light is 495 nm. What is the frequency of that radiation?

Red waves have a higher wavelength than violet waves. Pick the answer that correctly describes the frequency and energy of red waves.

The electromagnetic spectrum includes a variety of types of waves. Two examples are Ultraviolet and X-rays. Which type of wave has the longest wavelength?

Most of the light from a sodium vapor lamp has a wavelength of 589 nm. How many meters is that wavelength?

At maximum, a p-orbital can hold ___ electrons, d-orbital can hold ___ electrons, and an f-orbital can hold ___ electrons.

Which of the following represents the electron configuration for Manganese?

Which electron configuration below is incorrect:

Using dimensional analysis, how many meters does a car moving at 95.0 km/h travel in 1.0 s?

The largest cut diamond in the world is the Golden Jubilee Diamond with a mass of 1.091x105 mg. How many kilograms is this?

Given the information in the table above, determine the density for Metal Z.

Given the information in the table above, determine the volume for Metal Y.

Cobalt (III) chloride is a compound used in the making of nanoalloys. What is the formula for this compound?

Which theories about the nature of an atom did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment help prove?I. The nucleus is miniscule in comparison to the rest of the atom.II. The nucleus is positively charged.III. Most of the atom is empty space.IV. The electrons are primarily located in the nucleus.

What is the length of the pencil in the following image?

The proper name for Ca3N2 is:

Which of the following properties is most likely to distinguish ionic compounds from covalent compounds?

Silver has two isotopes, silver-107 and silver-109. Silver's atomic number is 47 and its atomic mass is 107.868 amu. What statement about the silver isotopes is true?

What is the correct formula for ammonium phosphate?

The isotope of element Z was just discovered and was given the following isotopic notation: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this isotope of element Z contain?

The element rubidium (85.47 amu) has two naturally occurring isotopes, rubidium-85 and rubidium-87. Determine the percent abundance of the lightest isotope if their relative atomic masses are 84.91 amu and 86.91 amu.

It has been determined that the color blue has a higher frequency than the color red, which statement is true comparing the wavelengths and energies?

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light in tanning booths significantly increases the risk of skin cancer. What is the energy of a photon of UV light with a wavelength of 3.00 x 10-7 m?

What is the name of the following compound: NBr?

What is the formula dinitrogen pentoxide?

You are given a compound with the formula MCl2, in which M is a metal. You are told that the metal ion has 18 electrons. What is the identity of the metal?

Based on the mass spectrometry data below, what number would you expect Mg to have an average atomic mass closest to?

Based on the mass spectrometry data below, calculate the average atomic mass of Mg given the data below.

Arrange these elements in order of increasing ionization energy (smallest to greatest).Cl, As, Rb, Fe

Which element has the largest atomic radius?

What is the name of the following: PBr5

The overall charge of any nucleus should always be ______________.

Phosphorus has how many electrons in its outermost energy level (how many valence electrons does it have)?

Which of the following is a metalloid with electrons in the 4th energy level and whose electron configuration ends in p2?

Which element has the greatest electronegativity?

Metals ______________ electrons to form _________ions.

What do the elements fluorine, chlorine, and bromine have in common?

An atom with the atomic number 56 can form a/an ______________ with a charge of ______________.

How many total electrons are in the ion that Aluminum forms?

Which of the following is the expected configuration for the ion that Selenium forms, Se2-?

What periodic table trend is demonstrated by the graph above?

What can explain the sharp increase in values that are seen on the graph (e.g. atomic #2 → atomic #3, atomic #10 → atomic #11, etc.)?

What is the name for Ni3PO4?

Which particle diagram represents a sample of matter that can not be broken down by chemical means?

Consider the orbital diagram for the following elements. Assuming all atoms are in the ground state, which of the following contains exactly two unpaired electrons?

The compound CCl4 is nonflammable and was once commonly used in fire extinguishers. On the basis of the periodic properties, which of the following compounds can most likely be used as a fire-resistance chemical?

Which of the following correctly identifies which has a higher first- ionization energy, Cl or Ar, and supplies the best justification?

Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

Which of the following ions has the same number of electrons as Br-?

Which of the substances listed below, and described in the passage are elements?
- crude oil - gasoline
- oxygen - sulfur
- hydrogen sulfide - water

At maximum, a p-orbital can hold _ electrons, d-orbital can hold _ electrons, and an f-orbital can hold ___ electrons.

Which theories about the nature of an atom did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment help prove?
I. The nucleus is miniscule in comparison to the rest of the atom.
II. The nucleus is positively charged.
III. Most of the atom is empty space.
IV. The electrons are primarily located in the nucleus.

The isotope of element Z was just discovered and was given the following isotopic notation:
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this isotope of element Z contain?

Arrange these elements in order of increasing ionization energy (smallest to greatest).
Cl, As, Rb, Fe

Metals ______ electrons to form _ions.

An atom with the atomic number 56 can form a/an with a charge of .