Sedimentary Rocks and Fossil Fuels

Last updated about 1 year ago

19 questions

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Explore: How does sediment form?
Watch the video below, then answer the questions.

Compaction

Cementation
Compaction and Cementation
The processes by which sediments are changed into rock are complex, but can be simplified into two processes, called compaction and cementation.

Compaction:
happens when sediments are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers. This squashes the grains together more tightly.

Cementation:
is where new minerals stick the grains together – just as cement (from a bag) binds sand grains in a bricklayer’s mortar. If you look carefully at the microscope photo, you can see mineral crystals that have grown around the sediment grains and bonded them together.

Sedimentary Rock

Click on the image below to watch the video.

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How does sediment form?

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What is cementation?

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What are some examples of sedimentary rock?

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Explain: What processes form sedimentary rock?

In order for sedimentary rock to form, the following processes must happen:
Cementation
Compaction
Erosion
Deposition
Weathering
Watch the video below.

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What might be found trapped in layers of sedimentary rock?

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What do fossils turn into over time?

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How do fossil fuels form?

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What are fossil fuels?

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Where are fossil fuels found?

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Fossil fuels are made from the remains of ancient plants and animals.

True

False

Drag and drop the words to show the correct order of processes in sedimentary rock formation (first on top).

sedimentation
compaction
cementation

Choose the THREE processes that create and relocate sediment.

Drag and drop the words onto their matching definitions.

Compaction
Cementation

The process of squishing air or water from between sediment particles due to increased pressure.
The process of minerals sticking individual sediment grains together.

Drag and drop the pictures into the boxes show the order of fossil fuel formation.

What is the first step in forming sedimentary rock?

Cooling of lava

Metamorphosis of rocks

Erosion of sediments

Weathering of existing rocks

What is a common characteristic of fossil fuels?

Found in igneous rocks

Non-renewable energy sources

Formed from ancient organisms

Produced by photosynthesis

What do sedimentary rocks form from?

Single large rocks only.

Volcanic ash and lava flows.

Meteor impacts and water vapor.

Small particles and organic material compressed together.

What process turns buried plant material into fossil fuels?

Exposure to sunlight and air.

Heat and pressure over millions of years.

Chemical reactions with water only.

Rapid freezing and melting.

Where do sedimentary rocks usually form?

Deep inside volcanoes.

In large moving rivers only.

Above ground in mountains only.

In layers on the Earth's surface.

Which type of sedimentary rock forms from organic matter?

Granite, from molten rock.

Sandstone, from sandstone grains.

Coal, from decomposed plants and vegetation.

Limestone, from fossils of marine life.

Explore: How does sediment form?
Watch the video below, then answer the questions.

Compaction

Cementation
Compaction and Cementation
The processes by which sediments are changed into rock are complex, but can be simplified into two processes, called compaction and cementation.

Compaction:
happens when sediments are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers. This squashes the grains together more tightly.

Cementation:
is where new minerals stick the grains together – just as cement (from a bag) binds sand grains in a bricklayer’s mortar. If you look carefully at the microscope photo, you can see mineral crystals that have grown around the sediment grains and bonded them together.

Sedimentary Rock

Click on the image below to watch the video.

How does sediment form?

What is cementation?

What are some examples of sedimentary rock?

Explain: What processes form sedimentary rock?

In order for sedimentary rock to form, the following processes must happen:
Cementation
Compaction
Erosion
Deposition
Weathering
Watch the video below.

What might be found trapped in layers of sedimentary rock?

What do fossils turn into over time?

How do fossil fuels form?

What are fossil fuels?

Where are fossil fuels found?

Fossil fuels are made from the remains of ancient plants and animals.

True

False

Drag and drop the words to show the correct order of processes in sedimentary rock formation (first on top).

sedimentation

compaction

cementation

Choose the THREE processes that create and relocate sediment.

evaporation

weathering

metamorphosis

precipitation

deposition

erosion

reflection

insulation

transformation

Drag and drop the words onto their matching definitions.

Compaction

Cementation

The process of squishing air or water from between sediment particles due to increased pressure.

The process of minerals sticking individual sediment grains together.

Drag and drop the pictures into the boxes show the order of fossil fuel formation.

What is the first step in forming sedimentary rock?

Cooling of lava

Metamorphosis of rocks

Erosion of sediments

Weathering of existing rocks

What is a common characteristic of fossil fuels?

Found in igneous rocks

Non-renewable energy sources

Formed from ancient organisms

Produced by photosynthesis

What do sedimentary rocks form from?

Single large rocks only.

Volcanic ash and lava flows.

Meteor impacts and water vapor.

Small particles and organic material compressed together.

What process turns buried plant material into fossil fuels?

Exposure to sunlight and air.

Heat and pressure over millions of years.

Chemical reactions with water only.

Rapid freezing and melting.

Where do sedimentary rocks usually form?

Deep inside volcanoes.

In large moving rivers only.

Above ground in mountains only.

In layers on the Earth's surface.

Which type of sedimentary rock forms from organic matter?

Granite, from molten rock.

Sandstone, from sandstone grains.

Coal, from decomposed plants and vegetation.

Limestone, from fossils of marine life.