Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes that are _________________, meaning there is a set from each parent. The pairs have corresponding genes that each contains a different form of that gene called the __________. Those are represented by letters in our punnett squares.
Homologous, allele
Corresponding, trait
Homozygous, phenotype
Full, protein
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs forming tetrads, or groups of four chromatids. At this time, they can exchange genetic material. What is the direct result of this process known as crossing over?
All gametes formed at the end of meiosis will be unique due to their mix of genetic material
Crossing over always leads to genetic disorders caused by the mutations of swapping DNA
This helps ensure that gametes receive two sets of DNA to become diploid cells
Gametes can fuse together to fertilize and form a zygote
A __________ is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait.
chromosome
protein
gene
chromatid
Meiosis results in ________________, while mitosis results in ______________.
2 identical diploid cells, 4 unique haploid cells
4 unique haploid cells, 2 unique diploid cells
2 unique diploid cells, 4 identical diploid cells
4 unique haploid cells, 2 identical diploid cells
Offspring ________ certain genetically determined characteristics called _________ from their parents.
inherit; traits
choose; genotypes
fertilize; genes
receive: meiosis
If the DNA sequence AAT GCC GCA TTA is mutated by removing the 2nd base in the sequence, this will cause the reading frame of each codon to change and the amino acids sequence down the line will be disrupted. What type of mutation is this?
inversion
translocation
substitution
frame-shift
Crossing-over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
Prophase I
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase I
In which type of cells does meiosis occur?
In skin cells.
In nerve cells.
In germ cells that form gametes.
In muscle cells.
During meiosis, genetic variation is increased through what?
Mitosis and cell growth.
Crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.