Pay attention to this explanation. This is what we are going to build in the lab.
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Non-aqueous means that the liquid does not contain water. Oil and Nail polish remover (acetone) are examples of non-aqueous liquids.
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Question 12
12.
What are some strategies that scientists are exploring to make longer life batteries?
Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. They have two electrodes—called a cathode and an anode—where chemical reactions that either use or produce electrons take place. The electrodes are connected by a solution—called an electrolyte—through which ions can move, completing an electrical circuit. In this activity, the salt provides ions that can move through the wet paper towel and transfer charge.
To generate electrical energy, this battery relies on a chemical reaction which releases electrons from the aluminum foil at the anode, and a chemical reaction involving oxygen at the cathode, which absorbs electrons. The movement of electrons through an external circuit generates an electric current that can be used to power simple devices. A diagram of the battery is shown below:
Aluminum foil provides an affordable supply of aluminum. Activated charcoal, which is mostly made of carbon, can conduct electricity and is non-reactive. It provides a highly porous surface that is exposed to oxygen in the air. One gram of activated charcoal can have more internal surface area than an entire basketball court! This surface provides a large number of sites to which oxygen can bind and participate in the cathode reaction. At the cathode, each oxygen atom is absorbing two electrons and becoming oxide. The aluminum at the anode is supplying the electrons. Each aluminum atom can give away three electrons.
This large reaction area makes it possible for the simple aluminum–air battery to generate one volt (1 V) and one hundred milliamps (100 mA). This is enough power to run a small electrical device and provides a safe and easy way to make a powerful battery at home or in school.
Question 13
13.
Match the substances in the battery with their chemical roles
Draggable item
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Corresponding Item
carbon
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electron donor
aluminum
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home for the oxygen
alligator clips
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electron acceptor
cathode reaction
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electrolyte
salt water
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electrons absorbed
circuit
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electrons donated
oxygen
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path for the electrons
anode reaction
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complete path that allows electrons to travel from anode to cathode
Question 14
14.
In the air battery, electrons are flowing between aluminum in the foil and oxygen gas molecules trapped on the surface of the carbon. Why is aluminum the electron donor? You must use the vocabulary terms: Coulombic attraction and either ionization energy or electronegativity in your answer.
Question 15
15.
In the air battery, electrons are flowing between aluminum in the foil and oxygen gas molecules trapped on the surface of the carbon. Why is oxygen the electron acceptor? You must use the vocabulary terms: Coulombic attraction and either ionization energy or electronegativity in your answer.
Question 16
16.
Why is oxygen a good choice for a battery component? (Be sure to use a periodic trend in your answer)
Question 17
17.
Do a little research about air batteries. What are some of the possible applications that scientists and engineers are exploring?
Be sure you come prepared on Thursday with your handwritten procedure that includes all the steps to make the air battery!
Question 2
2.
The easiest way to extend the life your cell phone battery is to
Question 3
3.
What takes the most power?
Question 4
4.
Habitually charging your phone off the computer battery decreases the life of the computer battery because the computer battery
Question 5
5.
Two strategies for extending the life of your phone's battery are to
Question 6
6.
Draggable item
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Corresponding Item
cathode
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negative end of the battery
anode
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positive end of the battery
net charge
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substance that allows positive and negative ions to move inside the battery
electrolyte
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total amount of positive and negative charge in a location
Question 7
7.
In the alkaline battery, the electrons are removed from one metal and returned to another metal. Which metal is the electron donor? (which one makes a positive ion)
Question 8
8.
When a metal is reduced, it is accepting electrons. In which substance does manganese have the lowest positive charge?
Question 9
9.
In a rechargeable battery, the chemical reaction that releases electrons is forced to run backwards (the products become reactants)
