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Unit 3 Genetics Onlevel Exam

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Last updated 3 months ago
35 questions
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The graphs below show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.

*click on the graph to enlarge
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Question 6
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A scientist is doing an experiment to identify different molecules. Some components of these molecules are listed in this table.

*click the table to enlarge
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The image below pictures the Central Dogma or flow of information inside of a cell.

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Question 12
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Question 15
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Question 16
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Question 17
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Question 18
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Question 19
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Question 20
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Question 24
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Question 25
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Pancreatic cells are responsible for producing insulin, a protein that regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream. Many cell organelles are involved in the creation and transport of insulin. Construct an explanation of the interactions that occur between the organelles to produce insulin.

The DNA in the __________ provides instructions for creating insulin. These instructions are carried by the mRNA to the __________ where insulin is formed. The insulin protein is then folded and transported by the __________to the __________. Here insulin is modified and packaged in the membrane-bound vesicles that travel to the __________ to be secreted out of the cell through exocytosis.
In gel electrophoresis a DNA sample from an unknown donor is placed in a small well at one end of a special gel-coated plate. Samples from known donors are placed in other wells on the plate. An electric current is passed through the plate, causing the DNA fragments to separate. The size and location of the separated fragments can be compared for similarities. The more similar the locations and sizes of the fragments, the more closely the donors of the samples are related. The diagram shows four samples being compared with an unknown sample.

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The graph below shows the rate of alcoholic fermentation for yeast at different temperatures.
*Click on the graph to enlarge.
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Question 29
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Question 30
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Question 31
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Question 32
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What is the complement to the DNA strand shown below?

TAT - TAG - ATT - ACA
_______ - _______ - _______ - _______
Enzymes in the human body have an optimum temperature around 98.7 degrees Fahrenheit. When a human has a bacterial or viral infection sometimes they run a fever. A fever is designed to assist the immune system in functioning to rid the body of disease. However, when a fever becomes too high there are consequences to the enzymes within the brain. This graph shows that action:

*click graph to enlarge
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Question 34
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Question 35
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Question 1
1.

Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Carbohydrate
Fatty acid (lipid)
Nucleic acid
Protein
Look at the DNA sequence:    GAA-TTC-GCA What do the G and A represent in the DNA sequence?
Sugar
Phosphates
Nitrogen bases
Amino acids
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
Adenine bases in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine bases.
Thymine bases in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine bases.
Adenine bases in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine bases.
Cytosine bases in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine bases.
In human DNA, there is approximately 30% adenine. What percentage of this DNA will be cytosine?
20%
30%
40%
60%
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid such as DNA and RNA?
Fatty acid
Nucleotide
Amino acid
Monosaccharide
Question 7
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Question 8
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Question 9
9.
Process 2 is known as __________.
DNA replication is semiconservative and therefore results in two DNA molecules
Each with two new strands.
One with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
Each with one new strand and one original strand.
Each with two original strands.
In 1976, the enzyme DNA helicase was discovered. DNA helicase breaks bonds between nitrogenous bases.

Which statement BEST describes how the discovery of DNA helicase furthered the understanding of DNA replication?
It revealed the mechanism by which two DNA strands are “unzipped” from each other.
It resulted in the development of laboratory methods of replicating RNA.
It led scientists to discover that DNA is made up of nucleotides.
It helped uncover the double-helix structure of DNA.
The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?
DNA opens up and RNA copies it.
DNA opens up and completely unwinds to make two new molecules.
DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for making a new strand.
RNA opens up the DNA and uses each strand as a template for a new strand.
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.

There is an error in the DNA of which molecule?
segment 1 only
segment 3 only
segment 2 and 3
segment 2 and 4
Some events that take place during the synthesis of a specific protein are listed below. The correct order of these events is which of the following:

The first step should be at the *top*
DNA serves as a template for RNA production.
Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome.
Amino acids are bonded together to form polypeptide chain.
RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The DNA code for normal hemoglobin contains the following segment: TGC-GGA-CTC-CTC Which of these is the mRNA code for this segment of DNA?
ACG-CCT-GGA-GGA
TCC-GGT-CTC-CTC
ACG-CCU-GAG-GAG
UGC-GGA-CUC-CUC

Which description explains the role of the tRNA in the process shown in the diagrams above?
The tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome so that they can be added to the developing peptide.
The tRNA recognizes the stop codon of a developing peptide so that no new amino acids are added.
The tRNA signals the release of the peptide from the ribosome once all of the amino acids have been added.
The tRNA scans the developing peptide to make sure that the sequence of the amino acids matches the mRNA.
A scientist put nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of guanine.
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
Most proteins only contain one type of amino acid.
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by the segment shown below? ATCAGCGCTGGC
2
4
8
12
The table below illustrates a mutation that occurred during DNA replication. If your DNA went from:
What type of mutation occurred?
Insertion
Deletion
Substitution
No mutation occurred
Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum.
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA.
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus.
the release of messenger RNA from DNA.
*click to enlarge
Question 21
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Question 22
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Question 23
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After conducting several tests, a scientist determines that the nucleic acid they are studying has the following characteristics:
What is the BEST conclusion the scientists can make based on the observations above?
The nucleic acid is DNA.
The nucleic acid is RNA.
The nucleic acid is a protein.
More tests would be needed to determine the type of nucleic acid in the sample.
Question 26
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Question 27
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Question 28
28.

A biologist ground up some plant cells and then purified the mixture. She obtained some organelles from the mixture in the test tube. Upon further analysis, it was found that the organelles took up carbon dioxide (CO2) and released oxygen (O2). The organelles are most likely
chloroplasts.
ribosomes.
mitochondria.
cytoplasm.
Which of the following would indicate that facilitated diffusion was taking place?
Substances move against the concentration gradient.
ATP is consumed rapidly as the substances move.
The substances move from a high concentration to a low concentration with the help of a protein channel.
The substances do not move.
During DNA replication, helicase is used to break the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases while DNA polymerase is used to assemble the nucleotides on the new DNA strand. Helicase and DNA polymerase are both examples of
polysaccharides.
enzymes.
nucleic acids.
phospholipids.
Question 33
33.

Students are investigating DNA replication in a variety of cells. The record the following observations.
Based on these results, what type of cell are the students studying?
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Match the correct name to each letter shown in the picture above.
C
substrate (reactants)
E
enzyme
B
enzyme-substrate complex
A
product
Based on the data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?
Temperature of 27℃ and a pH of 4
Temperature of 37℃ and a pH of 6
Temperature of 40℃ and a pH of 8
Temperature of 50℃ and a pH of 10
Which of the four molecules is DNA, based on the table above?
Molecule 1
Molecule 2
Molecule 3
Molecule 4
Which processes shown in this diagram occur in the nucleus?
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3
Using the following mRNA template, AUG-CAU-UGC-GAC-UAA, what would be the amino acid sequence coded for by the mRNA?
(First amino acids at the top)
Met
Cys
Asp
His
STOP
Using the codon chart above and your knowledge of biology, determine the best explanation as to what went wrong when a student tried to transcribe and translate the codons below: DNA: TAC TCG CCC
mRNA: AUG AGC GGG
amino acids: Met-Ser-Pro
The student forgot to translate the sequence from mRNA to amino acids.
The student used the wrong nucleotide when they transcribed the DNA into mRNA.
The student incorrectly used the codon chart to find the amino acid Proline.
The student did not make any mistakes when they transcribed and translated the DNA sequence.
Using the codon chart above, which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequence of bases mutated to CAGUUG?
the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected
the identity of one amino acid would change
the identity of more than one amino acid would change
the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged
The donor of which sample is most closely related to the donor of the unknown sample?
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
According to the graph, what is the relationship between the rate of fermentation and temperature?
The rate of fermentation continually increases as temperature increases.
The rate of fermentation continually decreases as temperature increases.
The rate of fermentation increases with temperature at first, and then it rapidly decreases.
The rate of fermentation decreases with temperature at first, and then it rapidly increases.
Which statement could explain the data shown in the graph?
The molecules that regulate fermentation perform optimally at temperatures above 30°C.
The yeast begins releasing carbon dioxide at 30°C.
The yeast cannot survive above 30°C.
The molecules that regulate fermentation perform optimally at temperatures below 10°C
Choose the best argument using evidence for why a fever of 100.2 degrees would not cause an enzyme to cease function.
A fever of 100.2 degrees would denature the enzyme because it is above the optimal rate of reaction.
A fever of 100.2 degrees would be close enough to the optimal rate that little would change with the enzyme function.
A fever of 100.2 degrees is below the optimal rate of function and therefore the enzyme is functioning below the optimal point.
An enzyme is unaffected by the fever at all points.