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Double Science (Physics) Retrospective Revision guide

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Last updated over 1 year ago
146 questions
Note from the author:
1 Forces and motion
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2 Electricity
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3 Waves
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4 Energy resources and energy transfers
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5 Solids, liquids and gases
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6 Magnetism and electromagnetism
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7 Radioactivity and particles
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8 Astrophysics
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A document for students to use to identify areas of the syllabus to work on.

(a) Units

Question 1
1.

(b) Movement and position

Question 2
2.

Question 3
3.

Question 4
4.

Question 5
5.

Question 6
6.

Question 7
7.

Question 8
8.

Question 9
9.

(c) Forces, movement, shape and momentum

Question 10
10.

Question 11
11.

Question 12
12.

Question 13
13.

Question 14
14.

Question 15
15.

Question 16
16.

Question 17
17.

Question 18
18.

Question 19
19.

Question 20
20.

Question 21
21.

Question 22
22.

Question 23
23.

(a) Units

Question 24
24.

(b) Mains electricity

Question 25
25.

Question 26
26.

Question 27
27.

Question 28
28.

Question 29
29.

(c) Energy and voltage in circuits

Question 30
30.

Question 31
31.

Question 32
32.

Question 33
33.

Question 34
34.

Question 35
35.

Question 36
36.

Question 37
37.

Question 38
38.

Question 39
39.

Question 40
40.

Question 41
41.

Question 42
42.

Question 43
43.

Question 44
44.

(a) Units

Question 45
45.

(b) Properties of waves

Question 46
46.

Question 47
47.

Question 48
48.

Question 49
49.

Question 50
50.

Question 51
51.

Question 52
52.

Question 53
53.

(c) The electromagnetic spectrum

Question 54
54.

Question 55
55.

Question 56
56.

Question 57
57.

(d) Light and Sound

Question 58
58.

Question 59
59.

Question 60
60.

Question 61
61.

Question 62
62.

Question 63
63.

Question 64
64.

Question 65
65.

Question 66
66.

Question 67
67.

(a) Units

Question 68
68.

(b) Energy transfers

Question 69
69.

Question 70
70.

Question 71
71.

Question 72
72.

Question 73
73.

Question 74
74.

Question 75
75.

Question 76
76.

Question 77
77.

(c) Work and power

Question 78
78.

Question 79
79.

Question 80
80.

Question 81
81.

Question 82
82.

Question 83
83.

Question 84
84.

(a) Units

Question 85
85.

(b) Density and pressure

Question 86
86.

Question 87
87.

Question 88
88.

Question 89
89.

Question 90
90.

(c) Ideal gas molecules

Question 91
91.

Question 92
92.

Question 93
93.

Question 94
94.

Question 95
95.

Question 96
96.

Question 97
97.

Question 98
98.

(a) Units

Question 99
99.

(b) Magnetism

Question 100
100.

Question 101
101.

Question 102
102.

Question 103
103.

Question 104
104.

Question 105
105.

(c) Electromagnetism

Question 106
106.

Question 107
107.

Question 108
108.

Question 109
109.

(d) Electromagnetic induction

Question 110
110.

Question 111
111.

(a) Units

Question 112
112.

(b) Radioactivity

Question 113
113.

Question 114
114.

Question 115
115.

Question 116
116.

Question 117
117.

Question 118
118.

Question 119
119.

Question 120
120.

Question 121
121.

Question 122
122.

Question 123
123.

Question 124
124.

Question 125
125.

Question 126
126.

Question 127
127.

(c) Fission and fusion

Question 128
128.

Question 129
129.

Question 130
130.

Question 131
131.

Question 132
132.

Question 133
133.

Question 134
134.

Question 135
135.

Question 136
136.

Question 137
137.

(a) Units

Question 138
138.

(b) Motion in the universe

Question 139
139.

Question 140
140.

Question 141
141.

Question 142
142.

(c) Stellar evolution

Question 143
143.

Question 144
144.

Question 145
145.

Question 146
146.

1.1
use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s),
metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s) and newton/kilogram (N/kg)
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
1.3
plot and explain distance−time graphs
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1.4
know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time
taken:

I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
1.5
practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls
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1.6
know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time
taken:
I know none of this
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1.7
plot and explain velocity-time graphs
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1.8
determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity−time graph
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1.9
determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity−time graph and
the time axis
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1.10
use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance
moved:

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1.11
describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or
direction
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1.12
identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic
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1.13
understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities
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1.14
understand that force is a vector quantity
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1.15
calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line
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1.16
know that friction is a force that opposes motion
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1.17
know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration:
force = mass × acceleration
F = m × a
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1.18
know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength:
weight = mass × gravitational field strength
W = m × g
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I am confident with this
1.19
know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking
distance and the braking distance
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1.20
describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road
condition and reaction time
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1.21
describe the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a
terminal velocity)
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1.22
practical: investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal
wires and rubber bands
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1.23
know that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with
Hooke’s law
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1.24
describe elastic behaviour as the ability of a material to recover its original shape
after the forces causing deformation have been removed
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2.1
use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s),
volt (V) and watt (W)
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2.2
understand how the use of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit
breakers protects the device or user in a range of domestic appliances
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2.3
understand why a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of energy and
an increase in temperature, and how this can be used in a variety of domestic
contexts
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I am confident with this
2.4
know and use the relationship between power, current and voltage:
power = current × voltage
P = I × V
and apply the relationship to the selection of appropriate fuses
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2.5
use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time:
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E = I × V x t
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I know some of this
I am confident with this
2.6
know the difference between mains electricity being alternating current (a.c.) and
direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery
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2.7
explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications,
including domestic lighting
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2.8
understand how the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the
number and nature of other components
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I am confident with this
2.9
describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and
diodes, and how to investigate this experimentally
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2.10
describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit
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2.11
describe the qualitative variation of resistance of light-dependent resistors (LDRs)
with illumination and of thermistors with temperature
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2.12
know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a
circuit
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2.13
know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:
voltage = current × resistance
V = I × R
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2.14
know that current is the rate of flow of charge
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2.15
know and use the relationship between charge, current and time:
charge = current × time
Q = I × t
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2.16
know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged
electrons
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2.17
understand why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit
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2.18
know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same
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2.19
calculate the currents, voltages and resistances of two resistive components
connected in a series circuit
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2.20
know that:
• voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed
• the volt is a joule per coulomb.
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2.21
know and use the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage:
energy transferred = charge × voltage
E = Q × V
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3.1
use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s) and
second (s)
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3.2
explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves
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3.3
know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a
wave
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3.4
know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter
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3.5
know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a
wave:
wave speed = frequency × wavelength
v = f × λ
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3.6
use the relationship between frequency and time period:

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3.7
use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and
electromagnetic waves
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3.8
explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave
when its source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the
Doppler effect
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3.9
explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted
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3.10
know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio,
microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all
these waves travel at the same speed in free space
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3.11
know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength
and increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum
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3.12
explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including:
• radio waves: broadcasting and communications
• microwaves: cooking and satellite transmissions
• infrared: heaters and night vision equipment
• visible light: optical fibres and photography
• ultraviolet: fluorescent lamps
• x-rays: observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including for
medical applications
• gamma rays: sterilising food and medical equipment.
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3.13
explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to
electromagnetic waves, including:
• microwaves: internal heating of body tissue
• infrared: skin burns
• ultraviolet: damage to surface cells and blindness
• gamma rays: cancer, mutation and describe simple protective measures against the risks
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3.14
know that light waves are transverse waves and that they can be reflected and
refracted
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3.15
use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection)
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3.16
draw ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction
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3.17
practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular
blocks and triangular prisms
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3.18
know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle
of refraction:


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3.19
practical: investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block
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3.20
describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical
fibres and in prisms
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3.21
explain the meaning of critical angle c
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3.22
know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index:

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3.23
know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted
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4.1
use the following units: kilogram (kg), joule (J), metre (m), metre/second (m/s),
metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s) and watt (W)
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4.2
describe energy transfers involving energy stores:
• energy stores: chemical, kinetic, gravitational, elastic, thermal, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear
• energy transfers: mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation (light and sound)
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4.3
use the principle of conservation of energy
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4.4
know and use the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total
energy output:

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4.5
describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the
transfer of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their
representation by Sankey diagrams
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4.6
describe how thermal energy transfer may take place by conduction, convection and
radiation
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4.7
explain the role of convection in everyday phenomena
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4.8
explain how emission and absorption of radiation are related to surface and
temperature
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4.9
practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction, convection and radiation
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4.10
explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer, such as insulation
I know none of this
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4.11
know and use the relationship between work done, force and distance moved in the
direction of the force:
work done = force × distance moved
W = F × d
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
4.12
know that work done is equal to energy transferred
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4.13
know and use the relationship between gravitational potential energy, mass,
gravitational field strength and height:
gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height
GPE = m × g × h
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4.14
know and use the relationship:

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4.15
understand how conservation of energy produces a link between gravitational
potential energy, kinetic energy and work
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4.16
describe power as the rate of transfer of energy or the rate of doing work
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4.17
use the relationship between power, work done (energy transferred) and time taken:

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5.1
use the following units: degree Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), joule (J), kilogram (kg),
kilogram/metre3 (kg/m3), metre (m), metre2 (m2), metre3 (m3), metre/second (m/s),
metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N) and pascal (Pa)
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5.3
know and use the relationship between density, mass and volume:

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5.4
practical: investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume
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5.5
know and use the relationship between pressure, force and area:

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5.6
understand how the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest acts equally in all
directions
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5.7
know and use the relationship for pressure difference:
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p = h × ρ × g
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5.15
explain how molecules in a gas have random motion and that they exert a force and
hence a pressure on the walls of a container
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5.16
understand why there is an absolute zero of temperature which is –273 °C
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5.17
describe the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin
and Celsius scales
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5.18
understand why an increase in temperature results in an increase in the average
speed of gas molecules
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5.19
know that the Kelvin temperature of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic
energy of its molecules
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5.20
explain, for a fixed amount of gas, the qualitative relationship between:
• pressure and volume at constant temperature
• pressure and Kelvin temperature at constant volume.
I know none of this
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5.21
use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of
gas at constant volume:

I know none of this
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5.22
use the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at
constant temperature:

p1V1 = p2V2
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6.1
use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W)
I know none of this
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6.2
know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances
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6.3
describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials
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6.4
understand the term magnetic field line
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6.5
know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a
magnetic field
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6.6
practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and
between two bar magnets
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6.7
describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field
pattern
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6.8
know that an electric current in a conductor produces a magnetic field around it
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6.12
understand why a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, and
how this effect is applied in simple d.c. electric motors and loudspeakers
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6.13
use the left-hand rule to predict the direction of the resulting force when a wire
carries a current perpendicular to a magnetic field
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I am confident with this
6.14
describe how the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field changes
with the magnitude and direction of the field and current
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6.15
know that a voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a
magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes through it and describe the factors
that affect the size of the induced voltage
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6.16
describe the generation of electricity by the rotation of a magnet within a coil of wire
and of a coil of wire within a magnetic field and describe the factors that affect the
size of the induced voltage
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7.1 use the following units: becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min) and
second (s)
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7.2
describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use
symbols such as
to describe particular nuclei
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7.3
know the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope
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7.4
know that alpha (α) particles, beta (β−) particles, and gamma (γ) rays are ionising
radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process
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7.5
describe the nature of alpha (α) particles, beta (β−) particles, and gamma (γ) rays,
and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to
ionise
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7.6
practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using
either radioactive sources or simulations
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7.7
describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of
each of the four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation)
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7.8
understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge
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7.9
know that photographic film or a Geiger−Müller detector can detect ionising radiations
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7.10
explain the sources of background (ionising) radiation from Earth and space
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I am confident with this
7.11
know that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is
measured in becquerels
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.12
know the definition of the term half-life and understand that it is different for different
radioactive isotopes
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.13
use the concept of the half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity, including
graphical methods
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.14
describe uses of radioactivity in industry and medicine
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.15
describe the difference between contamination and irradiation
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.16
describe the dangers of ionising radiations, including:
• that radiation can cause mutations in living organisms
• that radiation can damage cells and tissue
• the problems arising from the disposal of radioactive waste and how the
associated risks can be reduced.
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.17
know that nuclear reactions, including fission, fusion and radioactive decay, can be a
source of energy
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.18
understand how a nucleus of U-235 can be split (the process of fission) by collision
with a neutron, and that this process releases energy as kinetic energy of the fission
products
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.19
know that the fission of U-235 produces two radioactive daughter nuclei and a small
number of neutrons
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.20
describe how a chain reaction can be set up if the neutrons produced by one fission
strike other U-235 nuclei
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.21
describe the role played by the control rods and moderator in the fission process
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.22
understand the role of shielding around a nuclear reactor
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.23
explain the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.24
describe nuclear fusion as the creation of larger nuclei resulting in a loss of mass from smaller nuclei, accompanied by a release of energy
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.25
know that fusion is the energy source for stars
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
7.26
explain why nuclear fusion does not happen at low temperatures and pressures, due
to electrostatic repulsion of protons
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I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.1
use the following units: kilogram (kg), metre (m), metre/second (m/s),
metre/second2 (m/s2), newton (N), second (s), newton/kilogram (N/kg)
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.2
know that:
• the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies
• a galaxy is a large collection of billions of stars
• our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy.
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.3
understand why gravitational field strength, g, varies and know that it is different on
other planets and the Moon from that on the Earth.
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.4
explain that gravitational force:
• causes moons to orbit planets
• causes the planets to orbit the Sun
• causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth
• causes comets to orbit the Sun.
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.6
use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period:

I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.7
understand how stars can be classified according to their colour
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.8
know that a star’s colour is related to its temperature
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.9
describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following
stages:
• nebula
• star (main sequence)
• red giant
• white dwarf
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this
8.10
describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun
I know none of this
I know some of this
I am confident with this