Reasoning: (Connect the background info and maps. How does it all support the claim?)
HS-LS4-4
1
HS-LS3-1
1
HS-LS3-1
1
HS-LS3-1
1
HS-LS3-1
Complete the sequences below by transcribing the DNA and translating the mRNA into amino acids on the Testing Supplement Sheet. A transcription diagram and translation amino acid code chart are provided to you the the Testing Supplement Sheet.
1
HS-LS3-2
1
HS-LS3-2
1
HS-LS3-2
1
HS-LS1-1
1
HS-LS1-1
1
HS-LS4-2
Use the information and figures provided on this exam, as well as your knowledge of melanin, genetics, and natural selection to answer the questions below.
Question 22
22.
Driving Question:
How did the Albinism trait appear in the moth population?
MAKE A CLAIM:
Question 23
23.
Driving Question:
How did the Albinism trait appear in the moth population?
PROVIDE EVIDENCE:
Provide two pieces of evidence to support the claim you have made. (Remember evidence is facts and figures. Do not explain until your reasoning section.)
Question 24
24.
Driving Question:
How did the Albinism trait appear in the moth population?
PROVIDE REASONING:
Explain how your evidence has led you to your claim. For full credit include the words: protein, structure, and function.
(Ex: Evidence 1 and evidence 2 supports my claim that _____ because...)
Question 2
2.
Birmingham White Moth Average _______________
How do the phenotypes of the moths compare between Birmingham and Dorset in 1956?
There is a higher proportion (frequency) of dark moths in Dorset than in Birmingham.
There is a higher proportion (frequency) of dark moths in Birmingham than in Dorset.
There is no difference in the frequency of dark moths in these locations.
What caused some moths to be black?
Dark moths are covered in soot.
Random mutations led to a dark phenotype
Light moths have a recessive disorder.
Light moths migrated north towards the city.
What event caused the change in phenotype frequencies of the moths in the 1950s?
An invasive species was introduced that eats black moths.
Migration of light moths to the north.
The Industrial Revolution caused a change in the environment.
Deforestation drove the moths into bushes.
Question 6
6.
Question 7
7.
Question 8
8.
Question 9
9.
Question 10
10.
Background:
Milk contains the important Vitamin D that helps our body to absorb calcium to create strong bones and a strong immune system. Milk also has the sugar lactose in it. Vitamin D can also be obtained by the skin’s exposure to the sun creating chemical reaction synthesizing Vitamin D.
In most parts of the world adults are unable to drink milk because after weaning off breast milk their body switches off the gene that creates the enzyme(protein) to digest lactose. This leads to bloating, cramps, gas, diarrhea, or vomiting. In the past 5,000 to 10,000 years European adults that can drink milk due to their genes not switching off have had a strong selective advantage. Review the following data pieces before answering the Reasoning of the CER. The Claim and Evidence is done for you.Driving Question:Why are more European adults seen to have the lactose gene still active than those that live closer to the equator?
CLAIM: More European adults have the lactose gene switched on.
EVIDENCE
- Figure 1 shows less UV rays in Europe than by
the equator.
- Figure 2 shows human skin color is lighter in
Europe than by the equator.
- Figure 3 shows that people that can digest
lactose is higher in Europe than by the
equator.
- Figure 4 shows UV light is needed to hit the
skin to synthesize(make) Vitamin D that the
body needs.
- Vitamin D can be acquired through drinking
milk or by UV rays causing a chemical
reaction in skin.
Question 12
12.
Question 13
13.
Question 14
14.
Question 15
15.
Question 16
16.
Question 17
17.
Question 18
18.
Question 19
19.
Question 20
20.
Question 21
21.
What is the selective pressure on the moth population causing the dark phenotype to become more common?
Soot suffocating moths
Dying old age
Predation of dark moths
Predation of light moths
Dark color (D) is dominant to light color (d) in moths. If a purebred dark moth and a purebred light moth reproduced, what would be the resulting phenotype frequencies of their offspring? (Complete a Punnett Square)
100% dark moths
25% dark moths and 75% light moths
50% dark moths and 50% light moths
100% light moths
Dark color (D) is dominant to light color (d) in moths. If two heterozygous moths reproduced, what would be the resulting genotype frequencies of their offspring? (Complete a Punnett Square)
100% Dd
50% DD : 25% : DD 25% dd
75% Dark : 25% light
25% Dark : 50% light : 25% gray
Using the pedigree above, what is the correct genotype of moth A.
DD
Dd
dd
Using the pedigree above, what is the correct genotype of moth B.
DD
Dd
dd
What does the Figure 2 represent?
One chromosome.
A pedigree.
A karyotype.
A mutation.
How many pairs of chromosomes does this individual have?
1 pair
2 pairs
22 pairs
23 pairs
Is the individual represented in the photo a male or female?
Male
Female
Cannot be determined
Which genetic disorder does this individual have?
Down’s Syndrome
Color blindness
Albinism
Cannot be determined
What type of mutation caused the dark allele?
Insertion
Deletion
Silent
Substitution
What type of mutation caused the albino allele?
Insertion
Deletion
Silent
Substitution
How will this mutation affect the protein for the albino allele?
It will cut the amino acid sequence short.
It will lengthen the amino acid sequence.
It will have no effect on the amino acid sequence
What effect has the dark allele mutation had on the structure of the protein?
There is no difference between the normal and mutant protein.
There was a change in the protein’s shape.
The protein has been cut in half.
What seems to be the function of this protein?
It determines if the cells will have a nucleus.
It regulates the type and amount of melanin produced.
It controls the amount of cell division.
In humans, melanin functions to protect our skin from U.V. radiation. What seems to be the function of melanin in the moths?
