In contrast, Sparta was more isolated because it was located on a narrow plain on a peninsula in southern Greece known as the Peloponnesus. Mountains surrounded Sparta on three sides, and its harbor was about 25 miles away. Spartans were suspicious of outsiders and their ideas. They could already grow much of what they needed in the fertile soil around Sparta, but what they could not grow, Sparta’s powerful armies would often steal from their neighbors. While Athenians boasted of their art and culture, Spartans valued simplicity and strength. They taught their sons and daughters to fight and were proud to produce soldiers rather than artists and thinkers.
For most of their histories, these two city-states were bitter rivals. As you continue reading, you will notice the major differences between Athens and Sparta reflected in almost every part of life.
