Fault Tolerance, Parallel and Distributed Computing

Internet Protocol Address

Transmission Control Protocol

Redundancy Protocol

Domain Name System

A parallel computing solution may not be appropriate for an algorithm in which each step requires the output from the preceding step

A parallel computing solution may not be appropriate for an algorithm in which the same formula is applied to many numeric data elements

A parallel computing solution may not be appropriate for an algorithm that can be easily broken down into small independent tasks

A parallel computing solution may not be appropriate for an algorithm that searches for occurrences of a key word in a large number of documents

Any problem that can be solved sequentially can be solved using a parallel solution in approximately half the time

Any solution can be broken down into smaller and smaller parallel portions, making the improvement in efficiency theoretically limitless as long as there are enough processors available.

The efficiency of parallel computing solutions is rarely improved over the efficiency of sequential computing

The efficiency of a solution that can be broken down into parallel portions is still limited by a sequential portion

The number of available processors

The amount of work that must be done sequentially

The power consumption of the system

The programming language used

Some portion of the task must be executed sequentially

The program is running on an outdated processor

The operating system does not support parallel processing

The task is too simple to require multiple processors

It reduces power consumption

It reduces execution time by distributing tasks among multiple processors

It eliminates the need for optimization

It ensures that all tasks are completed at the same time

It ensures that only one computer is needed for large-scale tasks

It enables problems to be solved faster by dividing tasks among multiple computers

It eliminates all hardware failures

It reduces the amount of data needed for computation

Running a program sequentially on a single processor

Using multiple cores of a CPU for parallel execution

A network of computers working together to analyze climate data

A single computer with more RAM performing large calculations

It increases the size of RAM in a single system

It allows multiple computers to share processing power and storage

It prevents errors from occurring in complex computations

It removes the need for algorithms in solving problems

It reduces the need for network connections

It always speeds up computations regardless of the problem

It requires coordination and communication between multiple machines

It eliminates the need for parallel algorithms

Cloud computing services like Google Drive

A single-user spreadsheet application

A standalone video game console

A personal word processor

It never experiences failures

It has multiple redundant paths for data transmission

It does not rely on hardware components

It uses only a single fixed path for data transmission

A browser

The internet

A collection of wires and cables to connect devices

A way to search for and share documents and resources

So that if a path on the route is congested or not working, a new path can be assigned

So that it can speed up or slow down as necessary to avoid data congestion

So that new routes can be tested before being made available to the public

So that as noise on the route becomes louder, traffic can be limited until it reaches acceptable levels

It can recover from failures by dynamically rerouting data

It cannot function if one router fails

It only works when all connections are perfect

It prevents all data loss from occurring

To improve Internet speed

To increase the cost of network infrastructure

To ensure continued operation despite failures

To eliminate cybersecurity threats

It ensures all packets follow the same path

It allows packets to take different paths in case of failures

It prevents packets from being lost

It encrypts all packets for security

HTTP

TCP/IP

HTML

CSS

To ensure only one powerful computer is needed

To speed up processing by using multiple computers in parallel

To reduce the need for complex computations

To make the data processing fully automated