LRHS STAAR Category 1&2 Checkpoint

Last updated about 1 year ago

13 questions

1

Which statement best describes how a virus replicates?

A virus divides into two identical virus particles before infecting the host cell.

A virus enters a host cell and uses the materials from the host cell to produce new virus particles.

Multiple virus particles fuse and form a large particle that breaks apart, releasing new virus particles.

Multiple virus particles break down in component parts, which then reassemble into new copies of the virus.

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell.

Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

The size of the cell 

The length of the cell cycle

The number of chromosomes that are replicated

The genes that are expressed

1

Which statements best compare a function of proteins and lipids in a human cell?

Proteins provide energy for cellular processes. Lipids catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell.

Proteins catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell. Lipids allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell.

Proteins allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell. Lipids store genetic information for cells.

Proteins store genetic information for cells. Lipids provide energy for cellular processes.

1

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Egg cell and liver cell 

Sperm cell and egg cell

Nerve cell and brain cell

Sperm cell and lung cell

1

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. 

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine. 

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. 

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein.

What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme. 

The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

1

Which statement best describes how a virus replicates?

A virus divides into two identical virus particles before infecting the host cell.

A virus enters a host cell and uses the materials from the host cell to produce new virus particles.

Multiple virus particles fuse and form a large particle that breaks apart, releasing new virus particles.

Multiple virus particles break down in component parts, which then reassemble into new copies of the virus.

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. 

Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

The size of the cell 

The length of the cell cycle

The number of chromosomes that are replicated

The genes that are expressed

A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown.

Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

Cys

Phe

Ile

Met

A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are shown.

Which characteristic best distinguishes these cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

The organization of the genetic material

The location of the cytoplasm

The role of the cell membrane

The function of the flagella

Which statements best compare a function of proteins and lipids in a human cell?

Proteins provide energy for cellular processes. Lipids catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell.

Proteins catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell. Lipids allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell.

Proteins allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell. Lipids store genetic information for cells.

Proteins store genetic information for cells. Lipids provide energy for cellular processes.

A model of two structures that perform cellular processes is shown.

What are the products of the cellular processes in these organelles?

I: glucose and carbon dioxide II: oxygen and water

I: carbon dioxide and oxygen II: glucose and water

I: oxygen and glucose II: water and carbon dioxide

I: carbon dioxide and water II: glucose and oxygen

E. coli has three genes that each code for different enzymes that break down lactose. Scientists conducted investigations about the production of these enzymes using samples of E. coli. Their results are shown in the table.

Which conclusion about the production of the enzymes can be determined by analyzing the scientists’ results?

Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the temperature of lactose.

The genes for the enzymes were expressed in equal amounts during both experiments.

Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the presence  of lactose.

The genes for the enzymes were mutated before being expressed by the presence of lactose.

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Egg cell and liver cell 

Sperm cell and egg cell

Nerve cell and brain cell

Sperm cell and lung cell

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples.

Which sample was most likely DNA?

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed? 

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. 

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine. 

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. 

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. 

What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes? 

The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme. 

The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Insertion

Deletion

Duplication

Substitution

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown.

Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

Cys

Phe

Ile

Met

A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are shown.

Which characteristic best distinguishes these cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

The organization of the genetic material

The location of the cytoplasm

The role of the cell membrane

The function of the flagella

A model of two structures that perform cellular processes is shown.

What are the products of the cellular processes in these organelles?

I: glucose and carbon dioxide II: oxygen and water

I: carbon dioxide and oxygen II: glucose and water

I: oxygen and glucose II: water and carbon dioxide

I: carbon dioxide and water II: glucose and oxygen

E. coli has three genes that each code for different enzymes that break down lactose. Scientists conducted investigations about the production of these enzymes using samples of E. coli. Their results are shown in the table.

Which conclusion about the production of the enzymes can be determined by analyzing the scientists’ results?

Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the temperature of lactose.

The genes for the enzymes were expressed in equal amounts during both experiments.

Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the presence  of lactose.

The genes for the enzymes were mutated before being expressed by the presence of lactose.

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples.

Which sample was most likely DNA?

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Insertion

Deletion

Duplication

Substitution

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

LRHS STAAR Category 1&2 Checkpoint

LRHS STAAR Category 1&2 Checkpoint

Which statement best describes how a virus replicates?

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

Which statements best compare a function of proteins and lipids in a human cell?

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown.Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are shown.Which characteristic best distinguishes these cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A model of two structures that perform cellular processes is shown.What are the products of the cellular processes in these organelles?

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples.Which sample was most likely DNA?

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.What do the two arrows represent?

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell.

Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein.

What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

A model of transcription and a codon chart are shown.

Which amino acid would be coded first from the DNA strand being transcribed?

A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are shown.

Which characteristic best distinguishes these cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A model of two structures that perform cellular processes is shown.

What are the products of the cellular processes in these organelles?

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples.

Which sample was most likely DNA?

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?