AP Physics Final Exam - Megan Barnes | Laabri | Nneɛma a ɛma wotumi yɛ ade

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1

What is the unit of kinetic energy?

Newton

Watt

Pascal

Joule

1

What is gravitational potential energy relative to?

Mass only

Height above ground

Velocity before falling

Speed of object

1

How is work defined in physics?

Force times distance

Energy transferred

Mass times gravity

Speed times time

1

Which expression represents kinetic energy?

1/2 mv²

mgh

mv

F*d

1

What does a spring do when compressed?

Stores potential energy

Releases kinetic energy

Reduces force

Increases temperature

1

How does work relate to energy?

Work is energy

Work equals mass

Energy is force

Work transfers energy

1

What type of energy does a stretched spring have?

Elastic potential energy

Kinetic energy

Gravitational energy

Thermal energy

1

What happens to gravitational potential energy when height increases?

It decreases

It increases

It depends on speed

It stays the same

1

What defines elastic potential energy?

Force applied

Deformation of an elastic object

Mass of an object

Position in free fall

1

What is the formula for momentum?

velocity squared

mass divided by time

mass times velocity

force times distance

1

What happens to momentum in an elastic collision?

it is conserved

it doubles

it is lost

it increases

1

Impulse is the product of which two quantities?

momentum and distance

force and time

energy and power

mass and velocity

1

In an inelastic collision, what happens to kinetic energy?

it is not conserved

it is doubled

it is increased

it remains the same

1

If mass increases and velocity stays constant, what changes?

momentum increases

impulse is zero

momentum decreases

kinetic energy decreases

1

What does impulse equal in a closed system?

change in momentum

initial velocity

mass times acceleration

force times distance

1

What does an inelastic collision result in?

sticking together of objects

bouncing apart

losing kinetic energy

conservation of momentum

1

In an elastic collision, objects...

decrease in speed

experience heat loss

stick together

bounce off each other

1

What is the time period of a mass on a spring?

Varies with temperature changes.

Constant for all masses.

Dependent on spring length only.

Depends on mass and spring constant.

1

How is frequency related to time period?

Frequency equals time period squared.

Frequency adds to time period.

Frequency is the inverse of the time period.

Frequency is unrelated to time period.

1

What affects the time period of a pendulum?

Mass of the pendulum only.

Length of pendulum and gravity influence time period.

Air resistance significantly affects it.

Shape of pendulum affects it.

1

If the mass on a spring increases, what happens to the period?

Period decreases with increased mass.

Period remains constant regardless of mass.

Period only depends on spring length.

The period increases with increased mass.

1

What do you call the highest point in a pendulum's swing?

It is the force point.

It is the equilibrium position.

It is called the amplitude of the pendulum.

It is the time period.

1

What does the spring constant measure?

The stiffness of a spring under load.

The weight of the spring.

The time taken for one oscillation.

The mass attached to the spring.

1

What happens to a pendulum's frequency if its length doubles?

Frequency remains unchanged.

Frequency doubles with increased length.

The frequency decreases as length increases.

Length and frequency are not related.

1

Why does the mass on a spring oscillate?

Due to the restoring force of the spring.

Because of the applied force only.

Only due to gravitational force.

Spring doesn't affect the motion.

1

In the formula T = 2π√(m/k), what does 'T' represent?

'T' is the time period of the spring.

'T' is the mass of the spring.

'T' is the spring constant.

'T' is the frequency of oscillation.

1

What is torque?

Force without rotation

A force causing rotation around an axis.

Force equal to mass

Linear force applied anywhere

1

Which direction is clockwise torque?

Rotates opposite clock hands

Counter to gravitational pull

Rotates in the same direction as clock hands.

No rotational direction

1

Counterclockwise torque causes what?

Clockwise rotation

Rotation counter to the direction of clock hands.

Increasing linear speed

Momentum change only

1

How to calculate torque?

Torque = Force × Distance × sin(angle).

Only distance matters

Force divided by distance

Torque = Mass × Acceleration

1

A larger distance from the pivot means?

Less torque overall

No effect on torque

Reduced rotational effect

More torque for the same applied force.

1

What is the pivot point in torque?

Direction of rotation

The applied force location

Center of mass only

The fixed point around which rotation occurs.

1

Which angle maximizes torque?

180 degrees only

0 degrees only

45 degrees preferred

90 degrees between force and lever arm.

1

Which incidence occurs at a balanced torque?

Only clockwise torque exists

No force applied

Greater clockwise than counterclockwise

Sum of clockwise torque equals sum of counterclockwise torque.

1

What is the acceleration of an object in free fall?

0 m/s²

10 m/s² downwards

10 m/s² upwards

Increases as it falls

1

Which law explains why a seatbelt is important?

Newton's Second Law

Law of Conservation of Energy

Newton's Third Law

Newton's First Law of Motion

1

What happens to velocity in uniform circular motion?

Velocity is constant, direction changes

Velocity increases constantly

Direction is constant

Acceleration is zero

1

What describes the force required to keep an object in circular motion?

Friction force only

Weight of the object

Centripetal force is needed

No force needed

1

In which situation is kinetic energy maximum?

When at rest

When potential energy is highest

When speed is at its highest

At constant velocity

1

What affects rotational inertia in a solid cylinder?

Only the material density.

Mass and radius from the axis of rotation.

Surface area of the cylinder.

Angular velocity of the cylinder.

1

How is angular momentum defined for a rotating object?

Moment of inertia times angular velocity.

Mass times linear velocity.

Kinetic energy times time.

Force times distance.

1

What is the equation for rotational kinetic energy?

KE_rot = I/a.

KE_rot = 1/2 mv².

KE_rot = mv².

KE_rot = 1/2 Iω².

1

What happens if you double the distance from axis?

Rotational inertia increases by a factor of four.

Mass decreases by half.

Rotational inertia stays the same.

Rotational speed doubles instantly.

1

In which scenario is angular momentum conserved?

No external torques acting on the system.

External forces are present.

Velocity remains constant.

Radius changes without mass change.

1

What is the relation between angular and linear velocity?

They are completely independent.

Angle determines linear velocity.

Linear velocity = radius × angular velocity.

Linear velocity = angular velocity/radius.

1

What happens to angular momentum when an ice skater pulls arms in?

It becomes zero immediately after.

It remains constant throughout the motion.

It increases due to speed up.

It decreases significantly during the motion.

1

How does rotational kinetic energy change when arms are pulled in?

It becomes negative causing a backward rotation.

It remains unchanged during the motion.

It decreases due to loss of energy.

It increases as rotational speed rises.

1

As distance increases, gravitational potential energy between two masses:

Becomes zero at infinite distance

Increases with increasing mass

Stays the same regardless of distance

Decreases due to larger r in Ug formula

1

What happens to gravitational potential energy at infinite distance?

It becomes infinitely positive energy.

Energy becomes negative and infinite at infinity.

Potential energy is undefined at infinite distance.

Gravitational potential energy approaches zero at infinity.

1

What does the parallel axis theorem relate to in physics?

Force applied on an object.

Energy conservation laws.

Moment of inertia about different axes.

Velocity of an object.