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AP Physics Final Exam
By Megan Barnes
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AP Physics Final Exam
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Question 50
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What is the unit of kinetic energy?
Newton
Watt
Pascal
Joule
What is gravitational potential energy relative to?
Mass only
Height above ground
Velocity before falling
Speed of object
How is work defined in physics?
Force times distance
Energy transferred
Mass times gravity
Speed times time
Which expression represents kinetic energy?
1/2 mv²
mgh
mv
F*d
What does a spring do when compressed?
Stores potential energy
Releases kinetic energy
Reduces force
Increases temperature
How does work relate to energy?
Work is energy
Work equals mass
Energy is force
Work transfers energy
What type of energy does a stretched spring have?
Elastic potential energy
Kinetic energy
Gravitational energy
Thermal energy
What happens to gravitational potential energy when height increases?
It decreases
It increases
It depends on speed
It stays the same
What defines elastic potential energy?
Force applied
Deformation of an elastic object
Mass of an object
Position in free fall
What is the formula for momentum?
velocity squared
mass divided by time
mass times velocity
force times distance
What happens to momentum in an elastic collision?
it is conserved
it doubles
it is lost
it increases
Impulse is the product of which two quantities?
momentum and distance
force and time
energy and power
mass and velocity
In an inelastic collision, what happens to kinetic energy?
it is not conserved
it is doubled
it is increased
it remains the same
If mass increases and velocity stays constant, what changes?
momentum increases
impulse is zero
momentum decreases
kinetic energy decreases
What does impulse equal in a closed system?
change in momentum
initial velocity
mass times acceleration
force times distance
What does an inelastic collision result in?
sticking together of objects
bouncing apart
losing kinetic energy
conservation of momentum
In an elastic collision, objects...
decrease in speed
experience heat loss
stick together
bounce off each other
What is the time period of a mass on a spring?
Varies with temperature changes.
Constant for all masses.
Dependent on spring length only.
Depends on mass and spring constant.
How is frequency related to time period?
Frequency equals time period squared.
Frequency adds to time period.
Frequency is the inverse of the time period.
Frequency is unrelated to time period.
What affects the time period of a pendulum?
Mass of the pendulum only.
Length of pendulum and gravity influence time period.
Air resistance significantly affects it.
Shape of pendulum affects it.
If the mass on a spring increases, what happens to the period?
Period decreases with increased mass.
Period remains constant regardless of mass.
Period only depends on spring length.
The period increases with increased mass.
What do you call the highest point in a pendulum's swing?
It is the force point.
It is the equilibrium position.
It is called the amplitude of the pendulum.
It is the time period.
What does the spring constant measure?
The stiffness of a spring under load.
The weight of the spring.
The time taken for one oscillation.
The mass attached to the spring.
What happens to a pendulum's frequency if its length doubles?
Frequency remains unchanged.
Frequency doubles with increased length.
The frequency decreases as length increases.
Length and frequency are not related.
Why does the mass on a spring oscillate?
Due to the restoring force of the spring.
Because of the applied force only.
Only due to gravitational force.
Spring doesn't affect the motion.
In the formula T = 2π√(m/k), what does 'T' represent?
'T' is the time period of the spring.
'T' is the mass of the spring.
'T' is the spring constant.
'T' is the frequency of oscillation.
What is torque?
Force without rotation
A force causing rotation around an axis.
Force equal to mass
Linear force applied anywhere
Which direction is clockwise torque?
Rotates opposite clock hands
Counter to gravitational pull
Rotates in the same direction as clock hands.
No rotational direction
Counterclockwise torque causes what?
Clockwise rotation
Rotation counter to the direction of clock hands.
Increasing linear speed
Momentum change only
How to calculate torque?
Torque = Force × Distance × sin(angle).
Only distance matters
Force divided by distance
Torque = Mass × Acceleration
A larger distance from the pivot means?
Less torque overall
No effect on torque
Reduced rotational effect
More torque for the same applied force.
What is the pivot point in torque?
Direction of rotation
The applied force location
Center of mass only
The fixed point around which rotation occurs.
Which angle maximizes torque?
180 degrees only
0 degrees only
45 degrees preferred
90 degrees between force and lever arm.
Which incidence occurs at a balanced torque?
Only clockwise torque exists
No force applied
Greater clockwise than counterclockwise
Sum of clockwise torque equals sum of counterclockwise torque.
What is the acceleration of an object in free fall?
0 m/s²
10 m/s² downwards
10 m/s² upwards
Increases as it falls
Which law explains why a seatbelt is important?
Newton's Second Law
Law of Conservation of Energy
Newton's Third Law
Newton's First Law of Motion
What happens to velocity in uniform circular motion?
Velocity is constant, direction changes
Velocity increases constantly
Direction is constant
Acceleration is zero
What describes the force required to keep an object in circular motion?
Friction force only
Weight of the object
Centripetal force is needed
No force needed
In which situation is kinetic energy maximum?
When at rest
When potential energy is highest
When speed is at its highest
At constant velocity
What affects rotational inertia in a solid cylinder?
Only the material density.
Mass and radius from the axis of rotation.
Surface area of the cylinder.
Angular velocity of the cylinder.
How is angular momentum defined for a rotating object?
Moment of inertia times angular velocity.
Mass times linear velocity.
Kinetic energy times time.
Force times distance.
What is the equation for rotational kinetic energy?
KE_rot = I/a.
KE_rot = 1/2 mv².
KE_rot = mv².
KE_rot = 1/2 Iω².
What happens if you double the distance from axis?
Rotational inertia increases by a factor of four.
Mass decreases by half.
Rotational inertia stays the same.
Rotational speed doubles instantly.
In which scenario is angular momentum conserved?
No external torques acting on the system.
External forces are present.
Velocity remains constant.
Radius changes without mass change.
What is the relation between angular and linear velocity?
They are completely independent.
Angle determines linear velocity.
Linear velocity = radius × angular velocity.
Linear velocity = angular velocity/radius.
What happens to angular momentum when an ice skater pulls arms in?
It becomes zero immediately after.
It remains constant throughout the motion.
It increases due to speed up.
It decreases significantly during the motion.
How does rotational kinetic energy change when arms are pulled in?
It becomes negative causing a backward rotation.
It remains unchanged during the motion.
It decreases due to loss of energy.
It increases as rotational speed rises.
As distance increases, gravitational potential energy between two masses:
Becomes zero at infinite distance
Increases with increasing mass
Stays the same regardless of distance
Decreases due to larger r in Ug formula
What happens to gravitational potential energy at infinite distance?
It becomes infinitely positive energy.
Energy becomes negative and infinite at infinity.
Potential energy is undefined at infinite distance.
Gravitational potential energy approaches zero at infinity.
What does the parallel axis theorem relate to in physics?
Force applied on an object.
Energy conservation laws.
Moment of inertia about different axes.
Velocity of an object.