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Psychology Final Exam_S25

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Last updated 9 months ago
50 questions
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Final exam using GSE (Georgia Standards) for High School Psychology
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Drag and drop the correct terms into their place in this diagram about memory.
Other Answer Choices:
Short-term
Long-term
Retrieval
Attention
Sensory
Encoding
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Question 50
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List three things you enjoyed learning about in psychology this semester.

Psychology can be defined as the study of...
the study of the body
behavior and mental processes
the evolution of the human species
how people interact with one another
What is a major limitation of self-report personality tests?
They require specialized equipment
They can only be taken once in a lifetime
They are too expensive to administer
Participants may provide socially desirable responses
Sarah observes her older sister getting praise for good grades and begins studying harder herself. This best illustrates:
Social learning theory
Classical conditioning
Attribution theory
Psychodynamic theory
Identify the psychologist associated with the following concepts.
Functionalism in psychology
John Watson
Operant conditioning
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
William James
According to humanistic theory, what is the primary motivating force in human behavior?
Unconscious desires
Environmental reinforcement
Self-actualization
Genetic predisposition
Match the psychologist with their major contribution:
Carl Rogers
Psychoanalysis & the unconscious mind
Sigmund Freud
Behaviorism & Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Social Learning & Observation
Albert Bandura
Client-Centered Therapy & self-actualization
Which of the following is TRUE about scatterplot A comparing temperatures and ice cream?
There is no (or very little) correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
When temperatures rise, less ice cream will be sold.
There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
There is a strong negative correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
In her experiment, Ms. Gajda wanted to know the impact of donuts on memory. In this experiment, the number of words memorized would be a(n)...
independent variable (IV)
dependent variable (DV)
placebo
confounding variable
In the donut study mentioned in #10, Ms. Gajda had one group eat donuts before memorizing words and the other group NOT each a donut before memorizing words. The group that did not eat the donuts would represent...
the dependent variable
the independent variable
the control group
a placebo effect
What advantage does an experiment have over a correlational study?
an experiment is usually cheaper
an experiment can prove causation
an experiment is faster
an experiment can use just previously collected data
When looking at descriptive statistics, which term refers to an average of scores?
mean
median
mode
range
A set of rules or guidelines that define moral behavior is called...
a contract
a campaign
a code of ethics
a constitution
Which of these is/are ethical concerns in psychological research?
participants are allowed to quit the study (withdraw)
no (or little) harm should come to participants
that participants are not forced to participate (consent)
making sure participants know what they are signing up for (informed consent)
that experiments are done correctly
that sample populations are randomly selected
Which of the following questions is best investigated by means of a survey?
Are people more likely to vote republican or democrat in the next election?
Are violent criminals genetically different from nonviolent criminals?
What is the best study technique for AP exams?
Does extra sleep improve memory?
What are the three main parts of the brain. Check off three.
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Hypothalamus
Parietal Lobe
Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Match the function with the correct lobe of the brain.
Planning
Attention
Problem Solving
Understanding speech
Responsible for touch, feeling pressure and temperature.
Decision making
Vision
Hearing/ auditory processing
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Match the function or description to the part of the brain.
Coordinates movement
Largest part of the brain
Responsible for balance
Controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
Made up of the left and right hemisphere
Cerebrum
Brain stem
Cerebellum
What is a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Regulates involuntary bodily functions like heartbeat and digestion.
Processes sensory information
Controls voluntary movements
Transmits signals to skeletal muscles
What is neurotransmission?
The insulation of the axon.
The process of sending signals between neurons.
The growth of new neurons.
The metabolic process in neurons.
Question 20
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law of similarity
idea that people prefer to see smooth patterns rather than disrupted oned
closure
nearness of objects or figures to each other
law of continuity
tendency to perceive a complete figure even if gaps exist
proximity
idea that people like to group similar items together
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation only relates to sight.
Sensation involves interpretation; perception is detection.
Sensation is detection; perception is interpretation of stimuli.
Perception occurs before sensation.
Place the following steps to the vision process in order.
visual cortex in the occipital lobe interprets signals
optic nerve carries signals to the brain
light is focused by the lens onto the retina
light passes through the pupil
light passes through the cornea
photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) convert light into neural impulses and send them to ganglion cells
axons send messages from the ganglion cells to the optic nerve
Sort the concepts below into the correct categories.
relative height
texture gradient
clarity
convergence
retinal disparity
relative size
monocular clues
binocular clues
There is a fan that is constantly running in Melinda's room. Most days, however, she forgets that it's on, even though it is noisy. Which idea explains why Melinda doesn't hear her fan?
sensory adaptation
threshold theory
law of continuity
just noticeable difference
Sort the descriptions and examples into the appropriate category of drug.
example: alcohol
increase brain activity and autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate
decrease brain activity and autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate
cause perception without actual sensation
example: LSD (acid)
example: caffeine
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Circadian rhythms primarily regulate which biological function?
Sleep-wake cycles are managed by circadian rhythms.
Food intake is affected by rhythms.
Daily exercise routines are regulated.
Heart rates are determined by circadian rhythms.
Drugs can...
increase or decrease neurotransmitters in the brain
block neurotransmitter reuptake
mimic neurotransmitters to achieve the same result
all of these
Match the reinforcement/punishment to its example
Positive Punishment
A child throws a fit in a store because they want a toy. The parent gets the child the toy to get them to behave
Negative Punishment
The radio in your car will not turn on until you buckle your seat belt. So, you buckle your seat belt, now you can get your tunes on
Negative Reinforcement
You cussed in practice, the rule is you have 25 push-ups now... Every time you swear its 25 push-ups
Positive Reinforcement
You came home late (past curfew) your parents take away your car for a week
Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about
operant conditioning.
observational learning
counterconditioning.
classical conditioning.
Every day as she walks to school, Susana passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?
Susana has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory.
Such implicit memory is stored in the cerebellum, thus Susana must have experienced damage to that brain region.
The memory of the mural has decayed over time.
Because of the time span between being exposed to the mural, the spacing effect has interrupted memory formation.
Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.
explicit
procedural
implicit
proactive
Which of the following best describes the DIFFERENCE between classical and operant conditioning?
Behaviors learned from classical conditioning can experience extinction while behaviors learned from operant conditioning last forever.
Classical conditioning can only be done on animals, while operant conditioning can be used on humans.
Classical conditioning involves involuntary behaviors, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning and operant conditioning is not.
Match the memory technique to the correct description.
Spacing Review
breaking information into smaller parts to make it easier to remember
Visualization
intentionally making connections between new and old information while reviewing to create deeper encoding
Acronym
repeating the information over and over to keep it in short-term memory longer (like repeating a phone number until you dial it)
Chunking
Using the first letter of a list of items to create one word to help keep information in short-term memory
Maintenance Rehearsal
creating mental images of things in a list or steps in a procedure to help encode information into long-term
Elaborate Rehearsal
Reviewing material in shorter but more frequent bursts (like 10 minutes each night) in order to improve long-term memory
During Piaget's Sensorimotor stage, what is the ability to flexibly alter existing schemas into new schemas called?
adaptation
equilibrium
accommodation
assimilation
The intense, enduring, social-emotional relationship that develops between a child and a caregiver is termed
assimilation
accommodation
attachment
imprinting
Eddie’s parents often include him in decisions such as curfew and chores around the house.  Once a decision is made, the rules are enforced.  Eddie’s parents are using a(n)______ parenting style.
permissive
uninvolved
authoritative
authoritarian
Both nature and nurture can influence human learning and behavior. Sort the following examples and descriptions into the appropriate category.
Joan had a genetic scan and was found to be carrying the gene for cancer.
Heredity
Tim and Tim are twins who were raised apart. They both love music and play instruments.
Education and schooling
Parenting Style
Carlos was raised by a single mother and never had a strong father figure
Nature
Nurture
Rules for expected and accepted behavior that are shared by a group of people are called...
assimilation
selection effect
cultural norms
schema
At which stage of development is the human brain fully developed and at its peak?
young adulthood
adolescence
late adulthood
middle adulthood
During this stage of development teratogens an important outside influence.
infancy
adolescence
early childhood
prenatal
To encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of
a token economy.
active listening.
free association.
systematic desensitization.
Illness anxiety disorder is characterized by
offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.
a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
constant fear of new, strange situations.
The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test.
standardized
general intelligence
achievement
aptitude
A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is
standardized.
reliable.
normally distributed.
valid.
What distinguishes general intelligence from multiple intelligences?
General intelligence encompasses a single measure of cognitive abilities.
General intelligence includes skills in specific domains only.
Multiple intelligences ignore cultural aspects of learning completely.
Multiple intelligences rely solely on numerical test scores.
What is the purpose of the DSM-V?
to accurately diagnose a learning disability
to accurately measure an individual's intelligence
to define mental illnesses and create a standard gauge for measuring dysfunction
to tell clinicians how to treat their patients with mental illness
For a behavior to be considered a disorder, it must meet certain criteria. Match each description with the criterion listed below.
Deviant
disrupts the patient's everyday life
Distressful
against the norm for behavior in the patient's culture
Dysfunction
causes the patient or those around them anxiety or pain
Match each part of the neuron listed below with the correct letter on the picture to the left.
E
dendrites
D
Nucleus
B
axon
A
soma (cell body)
C
axon terminals/ terminal buttons