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Class spring final 24-25

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Last updated about 2 hours ago
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Question 1
1.

Natural selection acts directly on


Question 2
2.

Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. What would a biologist consider to be most important in determining if an organism "most fit"?

Question 3
3.

The wing of a bat, the flipper of a whale, and the forelimb of a cheetah appear very different, yet have the same basic bone pattern. These structures are examples of


Question 4
4.

What do you think happens among the lizards of a certain species when the food supply is limited?


Question 5
5.

The shaded areas of this diagram show where fossils of a specific organism were found on the continents of South America and Africa.

Question 6
6.

Darwin suggested that species with low fitness ______________, while species with high fitness ______________.

Question 7
7.

The ultimate source of all new alleles/ variation is

Question 8
8.

Some scientists use molecular evidence to study evolution. One type of molecular evidence is the DNA sequence or amino acid sequence of particular proteins in various species. Which of the following best describes what the study of these sequences reveals about the species?


Question 9
9.

It has been observed that organisms on different islands are closely related to similar organisms found on the nearest continent (large land mass).




This is taken as evidence that

Question 10
10.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?


Question 11
11.

What are adaptations?


Question 12
12.

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?


Question 13
13.

A trait that results in low fitness to individual organisms in population will most likely:

Question 14
14.

What might have caused the change in distribution of crab color that was observed below?

Black is the original population and green is after 3 generations.

Question 15
15.

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?


Question 16
16.

A storm blows through an area full of finches, and out of a population of 10,000 finches, 12 are blown by the storm onto a remote island. Why would the 12 finches on the island have a different gene pool than the large population of finches that they came from?


Question 17
17.

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it:


Question 18
18.

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

Question 19
19.

The two sources of genetic variation are

Question 20
20.

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait that is inherited recessively. How would you write the genotype of a man with hemophilia?


Question 21
21.

T - tall and t = short. In the Punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square (a)?


Question 22
22.

Having a Widow's Peak is dominant (W) over not having one (w). If parent A (Ww) and parent B (WW) have a child, what is the likelihood that the child will NOT have a widow's peak?


Question 23
23.

We can study chromosomes and genetic diseases by making a Karyotype, like the one pictured below. What information can you get from this karyotype?

Question 24
24.

A biological process is represented in the picture at right. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by the diagram below?

Question 25
25.

One form of color blindness is an X-linked trait that is recessively inherited. If a man with normal color vision has a child with a woman who is a carrier for X-linked color blindness, what is the probability that they will have a child with color blindness?


Question 26
26.

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

Question 27
27.

If a body cell in an animal has 32 chromosomes, the egg or sperm cell would contain:

Question 28
28.

Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?


Question 29
29.

What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?

Question 30
30.

The diagram below represents a biological process involving DNA.

What process is represented?

Question 31
31.

Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?


Question 32
32.

For a new liver cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following?


Question 33
33.

Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine and 20% guanine. Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?

Question 34
34.

The diagram below represents a small section of a DNA molecule. Which strand below shows the complementary (matching) bases?

Question 35
35.

A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances?


Question 36
36.

The sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder. Determine the mRNA sequence from the patient’s DNA sequence.

Question 37
37.

Using the information in the genetic code chart, determine the amino acid sequence that is coded for by the mRNA sequence.



Question 38
38.

A small portion of an mRNA sequence is shown below.

AUGACUGGCUCA

Starting with the first base, how many codons does this portion of the sequence contain?

Question 39
39.

The diagram below represents structures and processes involved in protein synthesis in an animal cell. Four parts of the diagram are labeled W, X, Y, and Z.
Which part of the diagram represents transcription?

Question 40
40.

Which part of the cell cycle is when mitosis occurs?

Question 41
41.
Draggable itemarrow_right_altCorresponding Item
mRNA
arrow_right_alt
single stranded nucleotide that codes for proteins
cell cycle
arrow_right_alt
the series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides
genotype
arrow_right_alt
genetic makeup of an organism
Codominance
arrow_right_alt
Question 42
42.

Type of selection on polygenic traits when the average phenotype is favored.


phenotypes/variation
vestigial structures
The lizards least successful in the competition for food are likely to die of starvation and malnutrition.
The two continents were once connected by a land bridge.
The longer the sequences are, the more adapted the species are to their environments.
the islands were originally part of the continent.
the island forms and mainland forms are becoming more similar.
Natural selection and evolution are the same thing.
characteristics of organisms that INCREASE their survival and reproduction in specific environments
They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth.
A new predator was introduced, which prefers dark-tan crabs.
how many phenotypes the population has
They were all good swimmers
causes temporal isolation of the two populations
prevents interbreeding between the members of a species
The two species do not interbreed because of geographic isolation.
Xh Yh
Xh X
Tt
50%
0%
This karyotype is from a female with the incorrect number of chromosomes.
In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are genetically identical to the parent.
50%
25%
segregation of sister chromatids
diploid
fertilization
Only DNA contains genetic information.
an identical copy of the original cell’s DNA
ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine
GTT-AGG-GCG-AGA-GAA
Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Glu
Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Asp
4
X
when both forms of a trait are seen in the phenotype
Directional selection