Class spring final 24-25

Last updated 2 months ago

42 questions

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Library

Class spring final 24-25

Last updated 2 months ago

42 questions

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Which part of the cell cycle is when mitosis occurs?

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item

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Natural selection acts directly on

genes.

alleles.

mutations.

phenotypes/variation

Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. What would a biologist consider to be most important in determining if an organism "most fit"?

high number of matings with many different females.

high number of offspring that survived to reproductive age

large body size and ability to swim quickly away from predators

excellent ability to compete for food

The wing of a bat, the flipper of a whale, and the forelimb of a cheetah appear very different, yet have the same basic bone pattern. These structures are examples of

homologous structures

convergent evolution

analogous structures

vestigial structures

What do you think happens among the lizards of a certain species when the food supply is limited?

Genetic changes that would allow lizards to eat new food sources.

The lizards fight for the available food and the strongest lizards kill the weaker ones.

The lizards cooperate to find food and share what they find.

The lizards least successful in the competition for food are likely to die of starvation and malnutrition.

The shaded areas of this diagram show where fossils of a specific organism were found on the continents of South America and Africa.

The animals developed on the two continents at the same time.

The two continents were once joined as part of a larger continent.

The animals swam from one continent to the other.

The two continents were once connected by a land bridge.

Darwin suggested that species with low fitness , while species with high fitness .

reproduce more successfully; become extinct

reproduce more successfully; reproduce less successfully

reproduce less successfully; reproduce more successfully

are weaker; are stronger

The ultimate source of all new alleles/ variation is

genetic mutation.

genetic drift.

chromosomal duplication.

natural selection.

Some scientists use molecular evidence to study evolution. One type of molecular evidence is the DNA sequence or amino acid sequence of particular proteins in various species. Which of the following best describes what the study of these sequences reveals about the species?

The longer the sequences are, the earlier the species evolved in geologic history.

The more similar the sequences are, the more closely related the species supposedly are.

The more similar the sequences are, the faster the species will evolve together.

The longer the sequences are, the more adapted the species are to their environments.

It has been observed that organisms on different islands are closely related to similar organisms found on the nearest continent (large land mass).

This is taken as evidence that

island forms and mainland forms came from common ancestors.

common environments are inhabited by the same organisms.

the islands were originally part of the continent.

the island forms and mainland forms are becoming more similar.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution.

Natural selection results from evolution.

Natural selection is not related to evolution.

Natural selection and evolution are the same thing.

What are adaptations?

characteristics of organisms that REDUCE their survival and reproduction in specific environments

patterns seen in fossils documenting the origins of other new groups of organisms

processes that allow individuals with certain inherited traits to survive and reproduce

characteristics of organisms that INCREASE their survival and reproduction in specific environments

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

They show evidence of species that are now extinct.

Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years.

They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection.

They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth.

A trait that results in low fitness to individual organisms in population will most likely:

decrease in frequency from one generation to the next

cause the reproduction rate in individuals to increase

undergo a series of mutation in succeeding generations

remain unchanged in frequency through many generations

What might have caused the change in distribution of crab color that was observed below?

Black is the original population and green is after 3 generations.

A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.

A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.

A new predator was introduced, which prefers light-tan crabs.

A new predator was introduced, which prefers dark-tan crabs.

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?

how many other alleles are present

whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention

whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards

how many phenotypes the population has

A storm blows through an area full of finches, and out of a population of 10,000 finches, 12 are blown by the storm onto a remote island. Why would the 12 finches on the island have a different gene pool than the large population of finches that they came from?

They were all small beaked finches feeding on small seeds

They have less genetic diversity that the large finch population

They started reproducing after they arrived at the island

They were all good swimmers

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it:

increases differences in courtship behavior

prevents interbreeding within each community 

causes temporal isolation of the two populations

prevents interbreeding between the members of a species

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.

The two species interbreed throughout the spring season.

The American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler’s toad.

The two species do not interbreed because of geographic isolation.

The two sources of genetic variation are

directional selection and disruptive selection.

meiosis/ gene shuffling and mutations.

single-gene traits and polygenic traits.

genotypes and phenotypes.

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait that is inherited recessively. How would you write the genotype of a man with hemophilia?

  Xh Y

X Yh

Xh Yh

 Xh X

T - tall and t = short. In the Punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square (a)?

TT

tt

TTtt

Tt

Having a Widow's Peak is dominant (W) over not having one (w). If parent A (Ww) and parent B (WW) have a child, what is the likelihood that the child will NOT have a widow's peak?

75%

25%

50%

0%

We can study chromosomes and genetic diseases by making a Karyotype, like the one pictured below. What information can you get from this karyotype?

The karyotype is from a male with the incorrect number of chromosomes.

The karyotype is from a male with the correct number of chromosomes.

The karyotype is from a female with the correct number of chromosomes.

This karyotype is from a female with the incorrect number of chromosomes.

A biological process is represented in the picture at right. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by the diagram below?

Crossing-over creates new genetic diversity in gametes.

In sexual reproduction, the offspring receive the same number of chromosomes from each parent.

Mitosis increases the number of chromosomes in zygote cells.

In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are genetically identical to the parent.

One form of color blindness is an X-linked trait that is recessively inherited. If a man with normal color vision has a child with a woman who is a carrier for X-linked color blindness, what is the probability that they will have a child with color blindness?

75%

0%

50%

25%

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

crossing-over in which genes are exchanged

condensation and segregation of genes

segregation of sister chromatids

If a body cell in an animal has 32 chromosomes, the egg or sperm cell would contain:

8 chromosomes

4 chromosomes

32 chromosomes

16 chromosomes

Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?

somatic cell

embryonic cell

gamete

diploid

What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?

The offspring are genetically identical to the parents.

The offspring are born live, rather than from eggs.

The offspring are resistant to viruses.

The offspring inherit more genetic variation.

The diagram below represents a biological process involving DNA.

What process is represented?

replication

mutation

translation

fertilization

Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?

Only DNA is found in the cytoplasm.

Only DNA has carbon atoms.

Only DNA is needed to create new cells.

Only DNA contains genetic information.

For a new liver cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following?

a rearranged copy of the original cell’s DNA

only the best parts of the original cell’s DNA

two copies of the original cell’s DNA

an identical copy of the original cell’s DNA

Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine and 20% guanine. Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?

20% thymine, 30% cytosine

10% thymine, 40% cytosine

40% thymine, 10% cytosine

30% thymine, 20% cytosine

The diagram below represents a small section of a DNA molecule. Which strand below shows the complementary (matching) bases?

ATTCGGATATT

AATTCCCGAAT

TTATAGGGTTA

TAAGCCCTATAA

A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances?

hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine

adenine, guanine, and cytosine

deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine

The sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder. Determine the mRNA sequence from the patient’s DNA sequence.

GUU-UGC-GCC-UGU-GUU

GUU-AGC-GCC-AGA-GAA

GTT-AGC-GCC-AGA-GAA

GTT-AGG-GCG-AGA-GAA

Using the information in the genetic code chart, determine the amino acid sequence that is coded for by the mRNA sequence.

Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Glu

Val-Met-Ala-Arg-Glu

Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Glu

Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Asp

A small portion of an mRNA sequence is shown below.

AUGACUGGCUCA

Starting with the first base, how many codons does this portion of the sequence contain?

1

6

12

4

The diagram below represents structures and processes involved in protein synthesis in an animal cell. Four parts of the diagram are labeled W, X, Y, and Z.
Which part of the diagram represents transcription?

Y

W

Z

X

Which part of the cell cycle is when mitosis occurs?

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Codominance		single stranded nucleotide that codes for proteins
genotype		the series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides
mRNA		genetic makeup of an organism
cell cycle		when both forms of a trait are seen in the phenotype

Type of selection on polygenic traits when the average phenotype is favored.

Stabiilizing selection

Natural selection

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Natural selection acts directly on

genes.

alleles.

mutations.

phenotypes/variation

Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. What would a biologist consider to be most important in determining if an organism "most fit"?

high number of matings with many different females.

high number of offspring that survived to reproductive age

large body size and ability to swim quickly away from predators

excellent ability to compete for food

The wing of a bat, the flipper of a whale, and the forelimb of a cheetah appear very different, yet have the same basic bone pattern. These structures are examples of

homologous structures

convergent evolution

analogous structures

vestigial structures

What do you think happens among the lizards of a certain species when the food supply is limited?

Genetic changes that would allow lizards to eat new food sources.

The lizards fight for the available food and the strongest lizards kill the weaker ones.

The lizards cooperate to find food and share what they find.

The lizards least successful in the competition for food are likely to die of starvation and malnutrition.

The shaded areas of this diagram show where fossils of a specific organism were found on the continents of South America and Africa.

The animals developed on the two continents at the same time.

The two continents were once joined as part of a larger continent.

The animals swam from one continent to the other.

The two continents were once connected by a land bridge.

Darwin suggested that species with low fitness ______________, while species with high fitness ______________.

reproduce more successfully; become extinct

reproduce more successfully; reproduce less successfully

reproduce less successfully; reproduce more successfully

are weaker; are stronger

The ultimate source of all new alleles/ variation is

genetic mutation.

genetic drift.

chromosomal duplication.

natural selection.

Some scientists use molecular evidence to study evolution. One type of molecular evidence is the DNA sequence or amino acid sequence of particular proteins in various species. Which of the following best describes what the study of these sequences reveals about the species?

The longer the sequences are, the earlier the species evolved in geologic history.

The more similar the sequences are, the more closely related the species supposedly are.

The more similar the sequences are, the faster the species will evolve together.

The longer the sequences are, the more adapted the species are to their environments.

It has been observed that organisms on different islands are closely related to similar organisms found on the nearest continent (large land mass). 

This is taken as evidence that

island forms and mainland forms came from common ancestors.

common environments are inhabited by the same organisms.

the islands were originally part of the continent.

the island forms and mainland forms are becoming more similar.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution.

Natural selection results from evolution.

Natural selection is not related to evolution.

Natural selection and evolution are the same thing.

What are adaptations?

characteristics of organisms that REDUCE their survival and reproduction in specific environments

patterns seen in fossils documenting the origins of other new groups of organisms

processes that allow individuals with certain inherited traits to survive and reproduce

characteristics of organisms that INCREASE their survival and reproduction in specific environments

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

They show evidence of species that are now extinct.

Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years.

They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection.

They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth.

A trait that results in low fitness to individual organisms in population will most likely:

decrease in frequency from one generation to the next

cause the reproduction rate in individuals to increase

undergo a series of mutation in succeeding generations

remain unchanged in frequency through many generations

What might have caused the change in distribution of crab color that was observed below?

Black is the original population and green is after 3 generations. 

A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.

A new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.

A new predator was introduced, which prefers light-tan crabs.

A new predator was introduced, which prefers dark-tan crabs.

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?

how many other alleles are present

whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention

whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards

how many phenotypes the population has

A storm blows through an area full of finches, and out of a population of 10,000 finches, 12 are blown by the storm onto a remote island. Why would the 12 finches on the island have a different gene pool than the large population of finches that they came from?

They were all small beaked finches feeding on small seeds

They have less genetic diversity that the large finch population

They started reproducing after they arrived at the island

They were all good swimmers

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it:

increases differences in courtship behavior

prevents interbreeding within each community 

causes temporal isolation of the two populations

prevents interbreeding between the members of a species

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.

The two species interbreed throughout the spring season.

The American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler’s toad.

The two species do not interbreed because of geographic isolation.

The two sources of genetic variation are

directional selection and disruptive selection.

meiosis/ gene shuffling and mutations.

single-gene traits and polygenic traits.

genotypes and phenotypes.

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait that is inherited recessively. How would you write the genotype of a man with hemophilia?

  Xh Y

X Yh

Xh Yh

 Xh X

T - tall and t = short. In the Punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square (a)?

TT

tt

TTtt

Tt

Having a Widow's Peak is dominant (W) over not having one (w). If parent A (Ww) and parent B (WW) have a child, what is the likelihood that the child will NOT have a widow's peak?

75%

25%

50%

0%

We can study chromosomes and genetic diseases by making a Karyotype, like the one pictured below. What information can you get from this karyotype?

The karyotype is from a male with the incorrect number of chromosomes.

The karyotype is from a male with the correct number of chromosomes.

The karyotype is from a female with the correct number of chromosomes.

This karyotype is from a female with the incorrect number of chromosomes.

A biological process is represented in the picture at right. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by the diagram below?

Crossing-over creates new genetic diversity in gametes.

In sexual reproduction, the offspring receive the same number of chromosomes from each parent.

Mitosis increases the number of chromosomes in zygote cells.

In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are genetically identical to the parent.

One form of color blindness is an X-linked trait that is recessively inherited. If a man with normal color vision has a child with a woman who is a carrier for X-linked color blindness, what is the probability that they will have a child with color blindness?

75%

0%

50%

25%

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

crossing-over in which genes are exchanged

condensation and segregation of genes

segregation of sister chromatids

If a body cell in an animal has 32 chromosomes, the egg or sperm cell would contain:

8 chromosomes

4 chromosomes

32 chromosomes

16 chromosomes

Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?

somatic cell

embryonic cell

gamete

diploid

What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?

The offspring are genetically identical to the parents.

The offspring are born live, rather than from eggs.

The offspring are resistant to viruses.

The offspring inherit more genetic variation.

The diagram below represents a biological process involving DNA. 

What process is represented?

replication

mutation

translation

fertilization

Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?

Only DNA is found in the cytoplasm.

Only DNA has carbon atoms.

Only DNA is needed to create new cells.

Only DNA contains genetic information.

For a new liver cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following?

a rearranged copy of the original cell’s DNA

only the best parts of the original cell’s DNA

two copies of the original cell’s DNA

an identical copy of the original cell’s DNA

Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine and 20% guanine. Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?

20% thymine, 30% cytosine

10% thymine, 40% cytosine

40% thymine, 10% cytosine

30% thymine, 20% cytosine

The diagram below represents a small section of a DNA molecule. Which strand below shows the complementary (matching) bases?

ATTCGGATATT

AATTCCCGAAT

TTATAGGGTTA

TAAGCCCTATAA

A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances?

hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine

adenine, guanine, and cytosine

deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine

The sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder. Determine the mRNA sequence from the patient’s DNA sequence.

GUU-UGC-GCC-UGU-GUU

GUU-AGC-GCC-AGA-GAA

GTT-AGC-GCC-AGA-GAA

GTT-AGG-GCG-AGA-GAA

Using the information in the genetic code chart, determine the amino acid sequence that is coded for by the mRNA sequence.

Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Glu

Val-Met-Ala-Arg-Glu

Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Glu

Val-Ser-Ala-Arg-Asp

A small portion of an mRNA sequence is shown below.

AUGACUGGCUCA

Starting with the first base, how many codons does this portion of the sequence contain?

1

6

12

4

The diagram below represents structures and processes involved in protein synthesis in an animal cell. Four parts of the diagram are labeled W, X, Y, and Z.
Which part of the diagram represents transcription?

Y

W

Z

X

Codominance

single stranded nucleotide that codes for proteins

genotype

the series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides

mRNA

genetic makeup of an organism

cell cycle

when both forms of a trait are seen in the phenotype

Type of selection on polygenic traits when the average phenotype is favored. 

Stabiilizing selection

Natural selection

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Class spring final 24-25

Class spring final 24-25

Which part of the cell cycle is when mitosis occurs?

Natural selection acts directly on

Fitness is a term often used by biologists to explain the evolutionary success of certain organisms. What would a biologist consider to be most important in determining if an organism "most fit"?

The wing of a bat, the flipper of a whale, and the forelimb of a cheetah appear very different, yet have the same basic bone pattern. These structures are examples of

What do you think happens among the lizards of a certain species when the food supply is limited?

The shaded areas of this diagram show where fossils of a specific organism were found on the continents of South America and Africa.

Darwin suggested that species with low fitness ______________, while species with high fitness ______________.

The ultimate source of all new alleles/ variation is

Some scientists use molecular evidence to study evolution. One type of molecular evidence is the DNA sequence or amino acid sequence of particular proteins in various species. Which of the following best describes what the study of these sequences reveals about the species?

It has been observed that organisms on different islands are closely related to similar organisms found on the nearest continent (large land mass). This is taken as evidence that

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

What are adaptations?

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

A trait that results in low fitness to individual organisms in population will most likely:

What might have caused the change in distribution of crab color that was observed below?Black is the original population and green is after 3 generations.

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?

A storm blows through an area full of finches, and out of a population of 10,000 finches, 12 are blown by the storm onto a remote island. Why would the 12 finches on the island have a different gene pool than the large population of finches that they came from?

The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it:

Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?

The two sources of genetic variation are

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait that is inherited recessively. How would you write the genotype of a man with hemophilia?

T - tall and t = short. In the Punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square (a)?

Having a Widow's Peak is dominant (W) over not having one (w). If parent A (Ww) and parent B (WW) have a child, what is the likelihood that the child will NOT have a widow's peak?

We can study chromosomes and genetic diseases by making a Karyotype, like the one pictured below. What information can you get from this karyotype?

A biological process is represented in the picture at right. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by the diagram below?

One form of color blindness is an X-linked trait that is recessively inherited. If a man with normal color vision has a child with a woman who is a carrier for X-linked color blindness, what is the probability that they will have a child with color blindness?

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

If a body cell in an animal has 32 chromosomes, the egg or sperm cell would contain:

Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?

What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?

The diagram below represents a biological process involving DNA. What process is represented?

Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?

For a new liver cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following?

Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine and 20% guanine. Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?

The diagram below represents a small section of a DNA molecule. Which strand below shows the complementary (matching) bases?

A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances?

The sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder. Determine the mRNA sequence from the patient’s DNA sequence.

Using the information in the genetic code chart, determine the amino acid sequence that is coded for by the mRNA sequence.

A small portion of an mRNA sequence is shown below.AUGACUGGCUCAStarting with the first base, how many codons does this portion of the sequence contain?

The diagram below represents structures and processes involved in protein synthesis in an animal cell. Four parts of the diagram are labeled W, X, Y, and Z.Which part of the diagram represents transcription?

Which part of the cell cycle is when mitosis occurs?

Type of selection on polygenic traits when the average phenotype is favored.

Darwin suggested that species with low fitness , while species with high fitness .

It has been observed that organisms on different islands are closely related to similar organisms found on the nearest continent (large land mass).

This is taken as evidence that

What might have caused the change in distribution of crab color that was observed below?

Black is the original population and green is after 3 generations.

The diagram below represents a biological process involving DNA.

What process is represented?

A small portion of an mRNA sequence is shown below.

AUGACUGGCUCA

Starting with the first base, how many codons does this portion of the sequence contain?

The diagram below represents structures and processes involved in protein synthesis in an animal cell. Four parts of the diagram are labeled W, X, Y, and Z.
Which part of the diagram represents transcription?