Scientific Revolution lesson 6

15

Do now-Explain the relationship between the English Parliament and the Monarch in a constitutional monarchy, and how has this relationship evolved over time.

15

Why is this new age of thinking a threat to the old system?

1

Match term to their description

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Exploration		encouraged new ways of thinking and looking at the world
Renaissance		encouraged people to challenge authority
Reformation		introduced people to new plants, animals and people and made them wonder about the world

SS.9-12.H.1

SS.9-12.PSY.6

…

1

Why was medieval science based on superstition and religious ideas?

SS.9-12.G.14

SS.9-12.REL.3

1

Explain the geocentric theory.

SS.9-12.G.5

SS.9-12.G.6

SS.9-12.H.2

1

SS.9-12.H.4

SS.9-12.PSY.1

1

SS.9-12.CV.8

SS.9-12.IS.6

SS.9-12.PSY.6

1

SS.9-12.EC.11

SS.9-12.G.1

SS.9-12.H.4

2

SS.9-12.REL.3

1

Why would the Church have punished Copernicus for his writings?

SS.9-12.G.14

2

All of these terms refer to the idea that the sun is the center of the universe.

Heliocentric theory

Geocentric theory

Copernican theory

Solar system

SS.9-12.H.4

The great majority of authors of course agree that the earth stands still in the center of the universe, and consider it inconceivable and ridiculous to suppose the opposite. But if the matter is carefully weighed it will be seen that the question is not yet settled and therefore by no means to be regarded lightly. . . . Now it is from the earth that the revolution of the heavens is observed and it is produced for our eyes. Therefore if the earth undergoes no movement, this movement must take place in everything outside of the earth. . . .

If one should admit that this movement was not unique to the heavens, but that the earth revolved from west to east, and if this was carefully considered in regard to the apparent rising and setting of the sun, the moon and the stars, it would be discovered that this was the real situation. . . .

If one should suppose that the earth is not at the center of the universe, that the distance between the two is not great enough to be measured on the orbits of the fixed stars, but would be noticeable and perceptible on the orbit of the sun or of the planets: and if one was further of the opinion that the movements of the planets appeared to be irregular as if they were governed by a center other than the earth, then such an one could perhaps have given the true reasons for the apparently irregular movement. For since the planets appear now nearer and now farther from the earth, this shows necessarily that the center of their revolutions is not the center of the earth.

Source: Adapted from Thatcher, Oliver J. (ed.). The Library of Original Sources, Vol. V. Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co, 1907, pp. 97–98.

20

In what ways does Copernicus's argument challenge long-standing beliefs about the Earth's position in the cosmos, according to his excerpt?

15

Why is Kepler's religion important in this time period?

SS.9-12.G.14

1

Kepler proved that planets move in a circle.

Tačno

Netačno

1

Why was Galileo put under house arrest?

SS.9-12.G.14

SS.9-12.H.4

SS.9-12.REL.3

Remember that Galileo supported Copernicus’s idea of a heliocentric universe. Galileo received a lot of criticism for this view. Galileo defended himself in a number of different writings, including Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. In this fictional dialogue, Galileo created two friends who debate geocentrism and heliocentrism. Read the excerpt and answer the following questions that are attached the the reading

20

In your own words, what is Salvati’s argument? What method does he propose for understanding the heliocentric universe?

1

What error or omission does Sagredo point out in Salvati’s argument?

1

How does Salvati address that error or omission?

1

Which character do you think represents Galileo? Why do you think that?

1

Which astronomers' work did Newton incorporate in his studies?

Copernicus and Kepler

Galileo and Einstein

Hubble and Hawking

Archimedes and Ptolemy

SS.9-12.H.4

1

What concept was Newton able to describe?

1

What is the scientific method used for?

SS.9-12.H.4

SS.9-12.PSY.1

1

Match person to their description

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Rene Descartes		Said you can learn by observing and experimenting
Francis Bacon		Said you learn through reason and logic

SS.9-12.H.4

SS.9-12.PSY.6

1

Why did the Church fear they would lose control over their people?

SS.9-12.G.14

1

Match term to description

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Heretics		Church trial to determine if someone is guilty of going against the teachings of the Church.
Inquisition		People who go against the teachings of the Church

SS.9-12.G.14

SS.9-12.H.1

SS.9-12.REL.3

One invented a microscopeto study creatures too small for the naked eye to see.

· Others invented tools for understanding weather.

· Doctors also made advances. One made drawings that showed the different parts of the human body. Another learned how the heart pumped blood through the body. In the late 1700s, Edward Jenner first used the process called vaccination to prevent disease. By giving a person the germs from a cattle disease called cowpox, he helped that person avoid getting the more serious human disease of smallpox. Scientists made advances in chemistry as well. One challenged the old idea that things were made of only four elements—earth, air, fire, and water. He and other scientists were able to separate oxygen from air.

10

Create a poster supporting the Scientific Revolution. Reference at least 3 people/ideas in your poster.

SS.9-12.H.4

SS.9-12.IS.2

1

General knowledge throughout the Middle Ages came from which two sources?

1

20

1

20

Question 37