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HUSD 6-8th Science Benchmark 3

Last updated 7 months ago
43 questions

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From "CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion, 2012" and "CO2 in Earth's Atmosphere Over 200,000-Year Period" DOK 2
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Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences. As the human population continues to increase, its energy demands will __________. Unless fossil fuels are replaced with cleaner energy sources, the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere will __________.
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Three waves are shown below. Complete the table by matching each wave to its characteristic. DOK 2

Wave 1
Wave 2
Wave 3
greatest amplitude
greatest frequency
greatest wavelength
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from "Frequency of Phenotypes in a Population Over Generations"
Which phenotype offers the greatest advantage to individuals within the population? DOK 2

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The picture shows ice cubes melting into water. DOK 2
Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences.
The water molecules in the liquid phase have __________ kinetic energy than in the solid phase. The molecules in the solid phase must __________ to enter the liquid phase.
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Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences. DOK 2
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The force between charges q1 and q2 is __________. When the magnitude doubles for both charges q1 and q2, the force between the two charges becomes __________.
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from "Hydroelectric Dam" DOK 2 Choose a word from each drop-down list to complete the sentence about the diagram.
__________ energy stored in the water in the reservoir is converted into __________ energy, which causes the turbine to turn.
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from "Hydroelectric Dam" DOK 2 Choose a word from each drop-down list to complete the sentence about the diagram. The path from the reservoir to the turbine is angled downward because hydroelectric dams make use of __________ energy that is stored in the water as a result of its __________.
" Solar Water Heater Design"

A student is tasked with designing a simple solar water heater. The solar water heater should be designed to meet two goals: 1) increase the temperature of water as much as possible and 2) prevent the water from losing that heat once it enters storage. The design needs to be composed of three main parts: a solar collector, which collects solar energy and heats water; a storage tank, where the water is stored after it is heated; and a connector, which transports the heated water from the solar collector to the storage tank. The only restriction on the design materials is that the student may not use electronics.

The diagram below shows the student's initial design and identifies the materials she used. Note: She elevated the solar collector so that the water would more easily drain into the connector and be transported to the storage tank.
The student set her design up for testing by placing the solar collector outside in direct sunlight and placing the storage tank under shade. After allowing the solar collector to collect heat for an hour, she poured the water into it. She measured the water's change in temperature over the course of an hour. The table shows the results of the test.
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from "Solar Water Heater Design" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. The student should replace the aluminum foil inside the solar collector with a __________ material that __________ more heat. This will help __________.
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from "Solar Water Heater Design" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. To maximize efficiency of the solar collector, the student should __________ the solar collector so that it __________ the water.
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from "Solar Water Heater Design" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences. As radiation is absorbed by the surface of the water, it is converted into __________ energy. The water becomes warmer because the molecules begin to __________.
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The diagram models how gravity works in our solar system. The sizes of the spheres are directly proportional to their masses. The sizes of the arrows are directly proportional to force.
In what way does this diagram accurately model gravity in our solar system? DOK 2

"Caramelization"
Caramelization is the process of sucrose (table sugar) being heated until it forms large, brown molecules called caramelans. There are three caramelans: caramelan (C12H12O9), caramelen (C24H26O13), and caramelin (C36H18O24). Before caramelans form, first the sucrose decomposes into glucose and fructose (shown below).
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from "Caramelization" DOK 2 Choose a phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Together, one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule have __________ one sucrose molecule; therefore, sucrose must __________ as it decomposes.
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From "Caramelization" DOK 2
Choose a phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. The decomposition of sucrose into glucose and fructose is a __________ because__________.
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The picture shows a bacterium.

Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
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The bacterium is a __________. This single cell carries out __________ of the basic functions of life.
"Geological Columns in Two Locations of a Canyon"
The diagram shows the geological columns in two locations, along with fossils discovered in those layers.
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from "Geological Columns in Two Locations of a Canyon" DOK 2 Choose a number or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Because it is located in __________ within a column and is located in __________, fossil __________ might be an index fossil.
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from "Geological Columns in Two Locations of a Canyon" DOK 2 Choose a phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Rock layer E is __________ rock layer F because it __________
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The model below shows a cross-section of Earth at the ocean floor.
Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
The process of __________ in Earth's mantle drives the formation of the __________ shown in the diagram.
" Types of Genetic Testing"

Genetic testing consists of the processes and techniques used to determine details about your DNA. Depending on the test, it may reveal some information about your ancestry and the health of you and your family. Predictive testing is for those who have a family member with a genetic disorder. The results help to determine a person's risk of developing the specific disorder being tested for. These tests are done before any symptoms present themselves.

Diagnostic testing is used to confirm or rule out a suspected genetic disorder. The results of a diagnostic test may help you make choices about how to treat or manage your health. Pharmacogenomic testing tells you about how you will react to certain medications. It can help inform your healthcare provider about how to best treat your condition and avoid side effects. Reproductive testing is related to starting or growing your family. It includes tests for the biological father and mother to see what genetic variants they carry. The tests can help parents and healthcare providers make decisions before, during, and after pregnancy. Direct-to-consumer testing can be completed at home without a healthcare provider by collecting a DNA sample (e.g., spitting saliva into a tube) and sending it to a company. The company can analyze your DNA and give information about your ancestry, kinship, lifestyle factors, and potential disease risk. Forensic testing is carried out for legal purposes and can be used to identify biological family members, suspects, and victims of crimes and disasters. United States, National Human Genome Research Institute. "Introduction to Genomics." 11 Oct. 2019. Web. 22 Oct. 2020
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from "Types of Genetic Testing" DOK 2 Choose a phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences. A potential benefit of pharmacogenomic testing is that it may lead to __________. For example, a doctor may be able to apply information from a patient's genome to determine __________.
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from "Types of Genetic Testing" DOK 2 Choose a word from each drop-down list to complete the sentences.
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurological disorder caused by a genetic mutation. It is usually diagnosed late in life. If a parent is diagnosed with the disorder, then there's a 50 percent chance that his or her children may possess the same genetic mutation. __________ testing enables relatives of someone with Huntington's disease to __________ their risk of developing Huntington's disease in the future.
"Venus's Visibility in the Sky"

When it's visible, Venus is one of the brightest objects in Earth's sky. The planet, which takes about 224 Earth days to orbit the sun, is visible in Earth's night sky for almost ten Earth months as Venus travels from the point of superior solar conjunction toward the point of inferior solar conjunction. It's brightest in the evening as it nears its point of greatest elongation east. Then, as Venus passes the point of inferior solar conjunction, it disappears for a few weeks. It reappears in Earth's morning sky. It's brightest in the morning as it nears its point of greatest elongation west. After approximately eight months in Earth's morning sky, Venus passes out of view again as it reaches the point of superior solar conjunction. Again, Venus remains invisible for a few weeks. When it reappears, it's in the evening sky. The entire cycle takes about 1.6 Earth years. The model below shows these points along Venus's orbit relative to Earth.
The diagram below shows Venus's path through Earth's night sky from August 2019 to June 2020. The diagram also shows Venus's phases (the change in how much of the sunlit portion of Venus is visible from Earth). These phases are not visible to the naked eye, but can be viewed through a telescope. Keep in mind that while Venus was present in the night sky during the entirety of this length of time, Venus didn't become easily viewable to the naked eye until late October. Venus hit its point of greatest elongation east on March 24, 2020. That means that the best time to view Venus in the evening sky was approximately March 24th to April 28th of 2020. On June 3rd, the planet passed its point of inferior solar conjunction. By the third week of June, Venus became visible in the morning sky.
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from "Venus's Visibility in the Sky" DOK 2 Which best explains why Venus appears to change its direction through Earth's night sky over the months?

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from "Venus's Visibility in the Sky" ​ DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Venus was closer to Earth in late May of 2020 than in April 2020, __________ to the naked eye because __________.
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from "Venus's Visibility in the Sky" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Venus moves from Earth's night sky to Earth's morning sky in just a few weeks' time because Venus orbits the sun __________ than Earth and so __________.
"Lemming Predation"

In the Arctic tundra of Greenland, the population of a small rodent called the collard lemming has long been observed to experience approximately four-year cycles of peaks and lows. Factors such as food availability and space do not seem to be responsible for this cycle. What does seem to be responsible, according to a research study published in 2003, is the interplay between four species that prey on collard lemmings: two mammals, the arctic fox and the stoat (a type of weasel), and two bird species, the snowy owl and the long-tailed skua.
The researchers studied the relationship between lemming density (estimated number of lemmings per hectare) and the daily predation rate (lemmings eaten per day per individuals within a species). The arctic fox, snowy owl, and long-tailed skua, all of which are migratory animals, are generalist predators. When lemmings are abundant in spring and summer, these predators prey on them. When lemmings are more scarce in spring and summer, these predators turn to other prey.
Stoats, on the other hand, remain in Greenland year-round, and they are specialist predators that prey exclusively on lemmings. They burrow under the snow into the lemmings' dens to hunt them during winter when the lemmings are not active.
When the lemming population reaches its peak, the generalist predators prey heavily on lemmings, keeping their population in check as the stoat population grows toward its peak. Once the stoat population reaches its peak, however, the stoat is the main limiting factor on the lemming population. Within a few years, the lemming population plummets. As the generalist predators turn their attention to other prey, the lemming population begins to increase again.
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from "Lemming Predation" DOK 2 Which best classifies the relationship between snowy owls and long-tailed skua?

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from "Lemming Predation" DOK 2 Global climate change is resulting in Arctic tundra winters becoming shorter and the layer of quality snow on the ground decreasing. Shorter winters means a shorter breeding season for lemmings, and less quality snow means possible difficulty making winter burrows. Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
As peaks in the lemming population become __________ and less frequent, the populations of its predators are likely to __________.
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from "Lemming Predation" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. Stoats' pattern of predation of lemmings in __________ is most similar to that of __________ only they consume about __________ the number of lemmings per day.
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from "Lemming Predation" DOK 2 Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
__________ depend greatly on the lemming population recovering when it reaches its lowest point because, as __________ predators, they cannot easily adapt to hunting prey other than lemmings.
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The table below compares the percentages that different colored beetles make up of the whole beetle population on a small plot of land. The population data was recorded each April over a period of five years. The data also includes the total amount of precipitation during the months of January, February, and March.
Which most likely explains the increasing numbers of green beetles in the population over this time? DOK 2

"Parts of a Kidney"
The diagram shows some of the parts of a kidney, as well as where it connects to a ureter. As the kidneys remove waste from the blood, that waste travels down the ureters to the bladder.
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from "Parts of a Kidney" DOK 2
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Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence. The kidneys are part of the urinary system, but as the presence of the __________ shows, the urinary system __________ the circulatory system.
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Choose a phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
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Having __________ is a trait that most directly increases the chance that a plant will reproduce because it helps the plant __________.
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A student put some sucrose (table sugar) in a test tube and heated it over a candle for several minutes. The table shows her observations. DOK 2 Click on the two sentences in the student's observations that best indicate that the sucrose is transforming into a new substance with different chemical properties.

Time Observations
2 seconds Some of the white sugar at the bottom of the test tube, nearest the flame, is beginning to turn brown.
15 seconds The brown part is mostly liquid.
30 seconds The brown liquid is slowly expanding. There is a sweet, nutty smell.
2 minutes Most of the contents of the test tube is now brown. However, there are still a few white crystals in the brown liquid. ​The liquid is slowly moving up the test tube.
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from "Methane" DOK 2
Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentence.
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Methane is __________ because __________
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uses supercomputers to help forecast weather. The primary system, called Stratus, and the backup system, called Cirrus, are four times faster than the previous systems used by the NOAA. Thus, they can process more information faster, performing trillions of mathematical calculations per second using data from various weather monitoring tools such as buoys, radar, and satellites. DOK 2 How have these supercomputers most likely improved weather forecasting?

"Climate Change Indicators"
(excerpted and adapted)

Earth's climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events, such as heavy rainstorms and record high temperatures, are already happening. Many of these observed changes are linked to the rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, caused by human activities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) partners with more than 50 data contributors from various government agencies, academic institutions, and other organizations to compile a key set of indicators related to the causes and effects of climate change. Indicators represent the state or trend of certain environmental or societal conditions over a given area and a specified period of time. EPA's indicators are designed to help readers understand observed long-term trends related to the causes and effects of climate change. In other words, they provide important evidence of "what climate change looks like."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. "Climate Change Indicators in the United States." Updated July 2021. Web. 10 Dec. 2021
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from "Climate Change Indicators" DOK 2 The data show concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from hundreds of thousands of years ago through 2019, measured in parts per million (ppm). The data come from a variety of historical ice core studies and recent air monitoring sites around the world. Each line represents a different data source.
Choose a word or phrase from each drop-down list to complete the sentences.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere rises above 300 ppm around __________. This increase __________ historical patterns and is mostly caused by __________.
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Which is a chemical property of sodium?

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Which best explains the correct answer to the previous question?

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The reaction between methane (CH4) and bromine (Br2) is shown below.
CH4 + 4 Br2 → CBr4 + 4 HBr
Which is true of bromine in this reaction? DOK 2

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A population of frogs have moved into a new habitat. As a result of natural genetic variation, about 57 percent of the frogs are light green, and the other 43 percent are dark green. The graphic shows how the ratio of light green to dark green frogs then changes over the next several generations.
Which best explains the change? DOK 2

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The map shows plate boundaries and volcanic activity (black triangles).
Where is a geologic hotspot most likely located? DOK 2

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Which best explains the correct answer to the previous question?

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How may a change in an amino acid sequence most likely affect a protein? DOK 1

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The diagram shows the inheritance of a single gene. DOK 2
How does the diagram illustrate a mutation?

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Will the mutation affect the organism's phenotype? DOK 2

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Which best models the path that the light ray will take as it travels from air into water? DOK 2