What is a disadvantage for a government commissioning a nuclear energy plant?
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Which phrase best reflects the philosophy of the circular economy?
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Which phrase reflects the life cycle analysis of a product? Please mark the correct option.
At which stage of the product life cycle would user attitudes and behaviours be likely to have greater impact than those of the designer or the manufacturer?
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What aspect of eco-design does design for repair and maintenance optimize?
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What would not necessarily be reduced by a manufacturer adopting a dematerialization strategy?
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Which combination of incremental and radical reflects the addition of an end-of-pipe technology to a manufacturing system?
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A design objective for a greener washing powder would be to?
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What aspect of eco-design does design for repair and maintenance optimize?
Which would be facilitated by the use of modular design as part of a company’s eco-design strategy?
I. Ease of maintanence
II. Design for reuse
III. Design for recycling
Which green design strategy is related to the use of materials from obsolete products to create new products?
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Which waste mitigation strategy does the symbol shown in Figure 2 promote?
Figure 2 shows a symbol widely used on plastic products made of polyethylene terephthalate (PETE).
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What best describes the embodied energy within a product?
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Although new environmental legislations can be highly disruptive, it can sometimes lead to benefits for manufacturers.
What are the potential benefits of environmental legislation for a manufacturer?
I. Reduced energy costs
II. Reduced material costs
III. Reduced waste
What are disadvantages of using solar power?
I. Lack of continutity of supply
II. Low efficiency of energy conversion
III. Carbon dioxide emissions
Figure 3 shows a typical example of an office chair.
To design the chair the manufacturer decided to undertake life cycle analysis (LCA).
Which phases in the product lifecycle would the designer consider in undertaking LCA in relation to the design of the chair shown in Figure 3?
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What is both a driver and a barrier to clean technology adoption by manufacturers?
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Which principles would help a designer to reduce the environmental impact of a product?
I. Mechanical principle
II. Precautionary principle
III. Prevention principle
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The consumption of which renewable energy source results in carbon emissions?
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What is a major advantage of using PlantbottleTM packaging for Coca-Cola® bottles?
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Which of the following terms does this definition apply to? "The total amount of energy consumed by all the processes associated with the production of materials."
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At which stage of its life cycle does a commercial aircraft have the highest output in terms of resources used and by-products generated?
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What are key considerations in the design of green products?
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I. Materials
II. Waste
III. Energy
A non-renewable power station that treats its emissions to decrease polluting emissions is using:
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Which of the following best describes a resource that is inexhaustible?
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What could be used to power a combined heat and power system (CHP)? Please mark the correct option.
Which eco design principle is illustrated in Figure 2?
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Apple as a global company is showing an increased awareness of its impact on the environment during the use of energy and materials in the manufacture of its products.
The second generation MacPro shown in Figure 9 was announced in 2013 and achieves twice the overall performance of the first generation for an equivalent energy input of less than 1 watt, that is around a hundred times. The computers design has minimized the use of wires within the main structure and the complete system is manufactured from easier to re-form and re-use materials previously by gaining from a ‘remanufacture’ basis.
Apple is showing the use of energy with 100% power clean data centres in North Carolina, USA as shown in Figure 10 as part of their awesome responsibility towards the reduction of climate change.
What waste mitigation strategy has Apple used in the design of the second generation 2013 version of the MacPro compared to the first generation?
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Plan Toys is a company that markets itself on its environmental credentials. Figure 2 below shows their production and distribution process. What best describes the company’s sustainability strategy?
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What describes the quantity of material that is ready and available for production?
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What is a definition of re-use
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What best describes end-of-pipe technology? Please mark the correct option.
What is a fundamental aspect of a “cradle to cradle” philosophy?
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Unilever recently redesigned the packaging of their deodorants, see Figure 4 below, reducing both the amount of packaging material and the amount of gas used.
What is the environmental impact of this particular dematerialisation strategy?
Reduced waste
Reduced material usage
Reduction in energy consumed
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Design consultants Teague and Sizemore worked together to create the Denny Bike, an urban bike with auto-shifting, electric assist, smart lighting and an integrated lock, see Figure 11 and Figure 12. The bike was created in response to a competition from a manufacturer to create a new and innovative product. Taking into account the environment that the bike will be used in, the designers will have had to carefully consider what materials and production processes to use. Through assessing the needs of potential users in this environment, the team has incorporated both radical and incremental developments within the overall product.
What part of the Denny Bike best meets the definition of radical innovation?
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Figure 2 shows packaging used by McDonald’s fast food restaurants. The company changed to card and paper packaging in 2008, (shown on the left). They had previously used Styrofoam plastic, (shown on the right). This change reduced the weight and amount of materials used. [Source: www.doralabel.com]
Figure 2: McDonald’s packaging
What waste mitigation strategy is this an example of?
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Which of these is a non-renewable resource?
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What is a major disadvantage of lead acid batteries?
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What is an advantage of developing radical solutions for clean technology?
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Which of these contributes to a product's embodied energy? 📷
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At what stage in the life cycle of a product will a manufacturer have the least influence?
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What do end-of-pipe technologies achieve?
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Which of the following are drivers for green design?
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I. Cheap set up costs
II. Customer pressure
III. Government legislation
What type of design and manufacture mimics biological processes?
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Which of the following is considered a renewable energy source?
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Which of the following systems for individual energy generation would have the least impact on the surrounding area?
What are the disadvantages of carrying out a life cycle analysis (LCA)?
Time consuming
Expensive
Legally binding
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How is the embodied energy of a product best described?
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Which of the following would be considered an end-of-pipe technology?
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The Adidas x Parley shoe is made from recycled fishing nets retrieved from the west coast of Africa, see Figure 2.
This is known as a...
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Glass jars which originally contained food are often used to store small items such as crayons, pencils, and erasers. This is an example of:
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The Eco-Flex straw by Aardvark Straws is biodegradable, compostable and 100% chlorine free, see Figure 2. Aardvark Straws claim that they are the only paper straws on the market made with FDA food grade-approved inks and paper.
Many companies are now replacing plastic throwaway products with eco-friendly alternatives. What is the main driver for green design in products such as the Eco-Flex straw?
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Which three categories are focused on in eco-design?
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Which of the following resources is renewable?
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Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services. Which of the following building materials would have the lowest levels of embodied energy?
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Cradle to grave is a linear economy based on the make, use, dispose model. What model is cradle to cradle based on?
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As an energy generation process, CHP (Combined Heat and Power) is fuel neutral. What does this mean?
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Which of the following is true of dematerialization:
It reduces raw materials at the production stage
It reduces waste at the disposal stage
It reduces energy and material inputs at the use stage
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Wind turbines, solar cells and lithium batteries convert energy. Which of the following is the correct conversion for solar power?
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Dematerialization refers to the reduction of ...
I. Energy
II. Material
III. Design
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Internet-ready television allows access to a number of services including film and television content, internet browsing, social media, cloud photo and file storage and a host of other apps, see Figure 2.
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If waste created from an obsolete product is used as a resource again and again in a closed loop system, which waste mitigation strategy is this an example of?
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Which of the following are considered when carrying out a life cycle analysis (LCA)?
I. Utilisation
II. Disposal
III. Amount of labour
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Which of the following drive manufacturers towards green design principles?
I. Legislation
II. Surplus of raw materials
III. Consumer pressure
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Which eco-design system gives a low, medium or high risk rating for each stage of a life cycle analysis (LCA)? Please mark the correct option.
Resources that can be identified in terms of quantity and quality are known as...
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Which of the following are drivers for cleaning up manufacturing? I. Promoting positive impacts
II. Reducing wastage of energy
III. Desire to make money
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What type of batteries are used in cell/mobile phones?
Used smartphones are sometimes made to look new by replacing the casing and screen as well as installing a new battery. Which waste mitigation strategy does this best describe?
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Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?
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When can timber be defined as renewable?
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Alfredo Moser invented a lamp, see Figure 2, to provide lighting to homes without access to electricity, using nothing more than a plastic bottle, water and bleach.
What waste mitigation strategy describes the use of the bottle in this invention?
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Proof Eyewear has grown to become a recognizable brand due to its products being made from sustainable sources, such as the wooden sunglasses shown in Figure 3. They improve on an existing product by considering environmental factors.
What waste mitigation strategy describes the use of the bottle in this invention?
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The 1997 Kyoto Treaty saw governments set targets to reduce greenhouse gases. What approach to green energy is this
Which of the following are design objectives for green products
Which of the following has the hierarchy of waste in the right order from most to least desirable
Climate change mitigation is the actions designed to limit long term climate change. It usually involves reducing greenhouse gases or increasing carbon sinks. Which of the following is an example of increasing carbon sinks?
What describes a combined heat and power approach?
Which of the following is an advantage of radical solutions to clean energy development?
Which of the following is an advantage of incremental design