Unit 1 - The First Americans Direct Study Guide

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1. Most theories about the first Americans speculate that they migrated from which continent?

Africa

Europe

Asia

Australia

2. Which environmental change do scientists believe allowed migration by land to the Americas?

a rise in average temperatures

a lowering of sea levels

an increase in volcanic activity

a decrease in glacier cover

3. What is one possible reason the first people migrated to the Americas?

They wanted to escape the overcrowded conditions of their native lands.

They were looking for more fertile ground to plant crops.

They were searching for building materials to construct more sturdy homes.

They were following the migration of big game animals they used for food.

4. How did early Americans adapt to their environment as mammoths and other large animals died off?

They turned to a combination of hunting, gathering, and fishing.

They built boats to return in large numbers to Asia.

They began cooperating with other groups to share scarce resources.

They migrated inland to areas with milder climates.

5. What was the first plant food cultivated in the Americas?

squash

beans

maize

pumpkins

6. Which of the following lists in the correct order the sequence of events that led to permanent human settlements in the Americas?

migration to the Americas; development of permanent settlements; decline of large mammals; development of agriculture

development of agriculture; decline of large mammals; migration to the Americas

migration to the Americas; decline of large mammals; development of agriculture; development of permanent settlements

decline of large mammals; migration to the Americas; development of agriculture

7. What do the large carved stone heads found in ancient Olmec settlements tell us about Olmec civilization?

The Olmec traded with nearby peoples because they could not have made their own  carving tools.

The Olmec worshipped multiple gods, the most important of which was the sun god.

The Olmec believed that men were superior to women because the stone heads all  feature men.

The Olmec was an organized civilization that could create large public labor projects

8. Because the Maya developed a 365-day calendar, it is reasonable to conclude that they

developed an extensive trading system.

were skilled astronomers and mathematicians

were ruled by religious leaders

built large cities throughout Central America.

9. How was Aztec culture similar to Maya culture?

They both developed a rich literary tradition.

They both developed primitive systems of democracy.

They were both centered on religious activities.

They were both tolerant of peoples they conquered.

10. How did the establishment of a single, official language impact the Inca?

It helped Inca missionaries to spread their religion throughout the region.

It made it easier for people to rise to higher social classes.

It allowed them to communicate with European explorers.

It helped unify their large and diverse empire.

11. Which native North American culture built dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs?

the Adena

the Hopewell

the Mississippians

the Ancient Puebloans

12. Why do scholars believe the Hopewell peoples were in contact with many other Native American groups?

Many items found in Hopewell earthworks are from distant places.

Hopewell farming terraces imitated those constructed by the Inca.

Many words in the Hopewell language are derived from the Maya and Aztec.

Hopewell structures resemble the dwellings built by the Hohokam.

13. What is one way the Inuit and the Aleut were different?

The Inuit likely migrated to the Americas from Asia; the Aleut originated in South America.

The Inuit built winter homes from snow blocks; the Aleut dug their homes into the ground.

The Inuit were farmers who lived in permanent villages; the Aleut were nomadic hunters.

The Inuit hunted from boats called kayaks while the Aleut hunted exclusively from land.

14. Which of the following groups lived the farthest south?

Inuit

Ute

Inupiat

Yakama

15. Why is it reasonable to conclude that the Hopi and Zuni peoples are descended from the Ancient Puebloans?

These groups all grew crops such as beans, squash, and melons, which were unique to the  Ancient Puebloans.

These groups all lived in the dry Southwest region of North America, where the Ancient  Puebloans lived.

Like the Ancient Puebloans, these groups built large mounds to hold religious ceremonies.

Like the Ancient Puebloans, these groups depended on the forest and sea for most of their  food and resources.

16. What was the purpose of the Iroquois League?

to share farming techniques among related groups

to develop a thriving trade network

to share scarce resources among related groups

to promote peace among rival groups

17. The Mohawk would be most likely to understand the language spoken by which of the following?

the Inuit

the Zuni

the Navajo

the Oneida

18. Why was farming likely easier for the Creek and Cherokee than for the Seneca and Cayuga?

The Creek and Cherokee spoke the same language and could easily share farming  information.

The Creek and Cherokee lived in warmer climates with longer growing seasons.

The Creek and Cherokee had learned advanced farming techniques from the Aztec.

The Creek and Cherokee had better farming tools than the Seneca and Cayuga.

19. What is Coyote’s goal in this excerpt?

He wants the buffalo to be free.

He wants to steal the buffalo for himself.

He wants to punish the old woman and her cousin.

He wants to help the Comanche get the buffalo.

20. Who is most likely to think Coyote is a hero?

the Comanche

the buffalo

the old woman

the young cousin

21. Which conclusion does the excerpt support?

The Kalapuya do not know how to farm.

The Kalapuya are excellent hunters and fishers.

The Kalapuya believe in many different gods.

The Kalapuya are unable to support themselves.

22. How do you think the Kalapuya feel about Tallapus’s actions?

They are angry that he is stealing their fish.

They resent being called stupid and feeble.

They are grateful for his assistance.

They consider him an honorary member of the group.

23. According to the Beringia theory, which two climactic events allowed the migration of people from Asia to the Americas?

rising sea levels

lowering temperatures

lowering sea levels

rising temperatures

24. What caused prehistoric Americans to begin expanding their food choices?

The large game animals they relied on for food began to die off.

The start of the Ice Age forced them to eat more nutritious foods.

They began moving into areas with more fertile soil.

Their growing populations required them to find new foods to eat.

25. Which of the following was made possible by the invention of farming?

Native American peoples began following herds of large game animals.

Native American peoples settled throughout North and South America.

Native American peoples began making pottery and cloth

Native American peoples learned how to fish and gather edible plants.

26. Aztec conquest of neighboring peoples provided the Aztecs with

knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.

access to a large labor force of enslaved persons.

prisoners of war for human sacrifice to ensure abundant harvests.

additional people to serve in government positions.

27. Which of the following most accurately describes the Inca?

poor

peaceful

militaristic

democratic

28. What is true about the earliest Native American cultures that developed along the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys?

They built cliff dwellings and constructed irrigation systems.

They built large earthworks complexes, some in the shapes of animals.

They failed to develop large, permanent settlements.

They had an advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy.

29. Which correctly characterizes the peoples of the northeastern woodlands?

Their various languages were totally different from one another.

Unlike other Native American cultures, they did not believe in gods.

They were farmers who lived in permanent villages.

Women had almost no power within the various groups.

30. Which statements about Native American groups in North America are accurate?

Groups in the Southwest lived in structures built from dried mud.

Southeastern woodlands groups lived in agricultural communities.

Groups of the Great Plains were largely nomadic.

Farming was extremely important for groups in the West and far North.

31. In the Grand Council of the Iroquois League, no decision could be made unless

all the council members agreed to it.

a majority of clan mothers voted in favor of it.

all the clan mothers agreed to it.

a majority of elders voted in favor of it.

32. Based on the information in the map and your knowledge of US history & geography, you can conclude that people such as the Omaha, Pawnee, and Osage would have structured their lives around

the buffalo herds

the sun god

the longhouse

their farms

33. Based on the information in the map and your knowledge of US history & geography, which one of the following peoples most likely lived in adobe homes?

Shoshone

Zuni

Pomo

Creek

34. From this excerpt and what you have learned, the Moundbuilders were probably influenced by cultures from

Mexico

European explorers

Central America

Ancient Puebloans

35. The movement of people into a new area

36. a narrow passage of water between two larger bodies of water

37. to help things grow

1. Most theories about the first Americans speculate that they migrated from which continent?

Africa

Europe

Asia

Australia

2. Which environmental change do scientists believe allowed migration by land to the Americas?

a rise in average temperatures

a lowering of sea levels

an increase in volcanic activity

a decrease in glacier cover

3. What is one possible reason the first people migrated to the Americas?

They wanted to escape the overcrowded conditions of their native lands.

They were looking for more fertile ground to plant crops.

They were searching for building materials to construct more sturdy homes.

They were following the migration of big game animals they used for food.

4. How did early Americans adapt to their environment as mammoths and other large animals died off?

They turned to a combination of hunting, gathering, and fishing.

They built boats to return in large numbers to Asia.

They began cooperating with other groups to share scarce resources.

They migrated inland to areas with milder climates.

5. What was the first plant food cultivated in the Americas?

squash

beans

maize

pumpkins

6. Which of the following lists in the correct order the sequence of events that led to permanent human settlements in the Americas?

migration to the Americas; development of permanent settlements; decline of large mammals; development of agriculture

development of agriculture; decline of large mammals; migration to the Americas

migration to the Americas; decline of large mammals; development of agriculture; development of permanent settlements

decline of large mammals; migration to the Americas; development of agriculture

7. What do the large carved stone heads found in ancient Olmec settlements tell us about  Olmec civilization?

The Olmec traded with nearby peoples because they could not have made their own  carving tools.

The Olmec worshipped multiple gods, the most important of which was the sun god.

The Olmec believed that men were superior to women because the stone heads all  feature men.

The Olmec was an organized civilization that could create large public labor projects

8. Because the Maya developed a 365-day calendar, it is reasonable to conclude that they

developed an extensive trading system.

were skilled astronomers and mathematicians

were ruled by religious leaders

built large cities throughout Central America.

9. How was Aztec culture similar to Maya culture?

They both developed a rich literary tradition.

They both developed primitive systems of democracy.

They were both centered on religious activities.

They were both tolerant of peoples they conquered.

10. How did the establishment of a single, official language impact the Inca?

It helped Inca missionaries to spread their religion throughout the region.

It made it easier for people to rise to higher social classes.

It allowed them to communicate with European explorers.

It helped unify their large and diverse empire.

11. Which native North American culture built dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs?

the Adena

the Hopewell

the Mississippians

the Ancient Puebloans

12. Why do scholars believe the Hopewell peoples were in contact with many other Native American groups?

Many items found in Hopewell earthworks are from distant places.

Hopewell farming terraces imitated those constructed by the Inca.

Many words in the Hopewell language are derived from the Maya and Aztec.

Hopewell structures resemble the dwellings built by the Hohokam.

13. What is one way the Inuit and the Aleut were different?

The Inuit likely migrated to the Americas from Asia; the Aleut originated in South America.

The Inuit built winter homes from snow blocks; the Aleut dug their homes into the ground.

The Inuit were farmers who lived in permanent villages; the Aleut were nomadic hunters.

The Inuit hunted from boats called kayaks while the Aleut hunted exclusively from land.

14. Which of the following groups lived the farthest south?

Inuit

Ute

Inupiat

Yakama

15. Why is it reasonable to conclude that the Hopi and Zuni peoples are descended from the  Ancient Puebloans?

These groups all grew crops such as beans, squash, and melons, which were unique to the  Ancient Puebloans.

These groups all lived in the dry Southwest region of North America, where the Ancient  Puebloans lived.

Like the Ancient Puebloans, these groups built large mounds to hold religious ceremonies.

Like the Ancient Puebloans, these groups depended on the forest and sea for most of their  food and resources.

16. What was the purpose of the Iroquois League?

to share farming techniques among related groups

to develop a thriving trade network

to share scarce resources among related groups

to promote peace among rival groups

17. The Mohawk would be most likely to understand the language spoken by which of the  following?

the Inuit

the Zuni

the Navajo

the Oneida

18. Why was farming likely easier for the Creek and Cherokee than for the Seneca and Cayuga?

The Creek and Cherokee spoke the same language and could easily share farming  information.

The Creek and Cherokee lived in warmer climates with longer growing seasons.

The Creek and Cherokee had learned advanced farming techniques from the Aztec.

The Creek and Cherokee had better farming tools than the Seneca and Cayuga.

19. What is Coyote’s goal in this excerpt?

He wants the buffalo to be free.

He wants to steal the buffalo for himself.

He wants to punish the old woman and her cousin.

He wants to help the Comanche get the buffalo.

20. Who is most likely to think Coyote is a hero?

the Comanche

the buffalo

the old woman

the young cousin

21. Which conclusion does the excerpt support?

The Kalapuya do not know how to farm.

The Kalapuya are excellent hunters and fishers.

The Kalapuya believe in many different gods.

The Kalapuya are unable to support themselves.

22. How do you think the Kalapuya feel about Tallapus’s actions?

They are angry that he is stealing their fish.

They resent being called stupid and feeble.

They are grateful for his assistance.

They consider him an honorary member of the group.

23. According to the Beringia theory, which two climactic events allowed the migration of people  from Asia to the Americas?

rising sea levels

lowering temperatures

lowering sea levels

rising temperatures

24. What caused prehistoric Americans to begin expanding their food choices?

The large game animals they relied on for food began to die off.

The start of the Ice Age forced them to eat more nutritious foods.

They began moving into areas with more fertile soil.

Their growing populations required them to find new foods to eat.

25.  Which of the following was made possible by the invention of farming?

Native American peoples began following herds of large game animals.

Native American peoples settled throughout North and South America.

Native American peoples began making pottery and cloth

Native American peoples learned how to fish and gather edible plants.

26.  Aztec conquest of neighboring peoples provided the Aztecs with

knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.

access to a large labor force of enslaved persons.

prisoners of war for human sacrifice to ensure abundant harvests.

additional people to serve in government positions.

27.   Which of the following most accurately describes the Inca?

poor

peaceful

militaristic

democratic

28.    What is true about the earliest Native American cultures that developed along the Mississippi  and Ohio River valleys?

They built cliff dwellings and constructed irrigation systems.

They built large earthworks complexes, some in the shapes of animals.

They failed to develop large, permanent settlements.

They had an advanced understanding of mathematics and astronomy.

29. Which correctly characterizes the peoples of the northeastern woodlands?

Their various languages were totally different from one another.

Unlike other Native American cultures, they did not believe in gods.

They were farmers who lived in permanent villages.

Women had almost no power within the various groups.

30.  Which statements about Native American groups in North America are accurate?

Groups in the Southwest lived in structures built from dried mud.

Southeastern woodlands groups lived in agricultural communities.

Groups of the Great Plains were largely nomadic.

Farming was extremely important for groups in the West and far North.

31. In the Grand Council of the Iroquois League, no decision could be made unless

all the council members agreed to it.

a majority of clan mothers voted in favor of it.

all the clan mothers agreed to it.

a majority of elders voted in favor of it.

32. Based on the information in the map and your knowledge of US history & geography, you can conclude that people such as the Omaha, Pawnee, and Osage would have structured their lives around

the buffalo herds

the sun god

the longhouse

their farms

33. Based on the information in the map and your knowledge of US history & geography, which one of the following peoples most likely lived in adobe homes?

Shoshone

Zuni

Pomo

Creek

34. From this excerpt and what you have learned, the Moundbuilders were probably influenced by cultures from

Mexico

European explorers

Central America

Ancient Puebloans

35. The movement of people into a new area

structure

culture

federation

civilization

nomadic

clan

Hieroglyphics

Theocracy

pueblo

Strait

irrigation

cultivate

terrace

Migration

36. a narrow passage of water between two larger bodies of water

Strait

pueblo

civilization

terrace

culture

federation

cultivate

irrigation

nomadic

Migration

Theocracy

structure

Hieroglyphics

clan

37. to help things grow

Migration

Theocracy

culture

irrigation

nomadic

Hieroglyphics

Strait

federation

terrace

cultivate

pueblo

structure

clan

civilization

38. moving from place to place

clan

culture

Hieroglyphics

irrigation

Theocracy

pueblo

Migration

federation

structure

cultivate

terrace

civilization

nomadic

Strait

39. a people's shared values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors

Migration

structure

clan

irrigation

terrace

Strait

Theocracy

Hieroglyphics

nomadic

civilization

federation

pueblo

cultivate

culture

40. highly developed society

Migration

pueblo

terrace

civilization

Strait

cultivate

structure

federation

irrigation

Hieroglyphics

clan

nomadic

culture

Theocracy

41. a society that is ruled by religious leaders

pueblo

terrace

nomadic

civilization

cultivate

Theocracy

culture

Migration

federation

Strait

clan

structure

Hieroglyphics

irrigation

42. a form of writing that uses symbols or pictures to represent things, ideas, and sounds

cultivate

irrigation

Migration

structure

federation

civilization

Strait

clan

Theocracy

terrace

pueblo

Hieroglyphics

nomadic

culture

43. a broad platform of fat land cut into a slope

terrace

Strait

clan

federation

structure

nomadic

Theocracy

irrigation

Hieroglyphics

pueblo

civilization

Migration

cultivate

culture

44. a Native American structure that housed many people

nomadic

Theocracy

civilization

structure

culture

federation

pueblo

irrigation

cultivate

clan

Migration

terrace

Hieroglyphics

Strait

45. a building

civilization

culture

Migration

terrace

nomadic

irrigation

Strait

Theocracy

pueblo

federation

structure

Hieroglyphics

clan

cultivate

46. a system that supplies water to crops by artificial means

cultivate

federation

irrigation

Strait

culture

Theocracy

pueblo

Migration

Hieroglyphics

terrace

structure

civilization

nomadic

clan

47. a government that links and unites different groups

civilization

nomadic

irrigation

cultivate

Theocracy

pueblo

terrace

Migration

federation

culture

Strait

Hieroglyphics

clan

structure

48. a group of people who have a common ancestor

pueblo

structure

Theocracy

cultivate

irrigation

terrace

civilization

Strait

federation

clan

culture

nomadic

Hieroglyphics

Migration

49. Which of the empires shown above covered the largest area?

Inca

Aztec

Olmec

Maya

50. Based on the map above, which of the following is NOT a major affect on the civilizations from the bodies of water?

Travel

Religion

Protection

Food