UNIT 2 DIRECT STUDY GUIDE - EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION

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1. How did the Crusades contribute to the Age of Exploration?

by proving to Europeans that the world was round

by increasing the power of the Protestant churches

by forcing Protestants to flee Europe

by stimulating European trade with Asia

2. By the 1300s, Italian city-states had become economic and cultural centers because of their

rejection of Roman Catholicism

central location along the Mediterranean Sea

extensive overland trade routes to China

sea trade with the Middle East and India

3. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the increasing accuracy of maps during the Renaissance?

the rediscovery of classical works

reports from traders and travelers

the consolidation of royal power

scientific advances in astronomy

4. Which two European powers were the first to explore the world extensively by sea?

England

France

Portugal

Spain

5. Which of the following was most responsible for the terrible epidemics suffered by the Aztec?

Ferdinand Magellan’s crew’s circumnavigation of the world

Hernán Cortés’s conquests in Mexico

Hernando de Soto’s exploration of modern-day Florida

Christopher Columbus’s exploration of Hispaniola and Cuba

6. Which conquistador was most successful in making Spain wealthy with gold from the Americas?

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Francisco Pizarro

Juan Ponce de León

7. Why are colonies important for countries that practice mercantilism?

They provide raw materials for the home country to manufacture goods.

They make it unnecessary for businesses in the home country to become monopolies.

They create a market for products made by the home country.

They make it easier for the home country to trade bullion for raw materials.

8. In addition to finding gold and other sources of wealth, the first Spanish settlers in the Americas

wanted to found new nations apart from Spain

fled Europe to escape religious persecution

hoped to learn much about Native American religions

hoped to convert Native Americans to Christianity

9. Which of the following show the results of the Columbian Exchange?

Corn became an important part of the Native American diet

Tobacco smoking became popular in Europe and Asia

Farming began to take hold in parts of the Middle East.

Horses allowed Native Americans to travel more quickly.

10. Based on your knowledge and the map, which of the following most directly resulted from the events shown?

spread of Islam into parts of Europe

Growth & prosperity of Italian city-states

increased trade between Africa & Asia

rebirth of intellectual curiosity in Europe

11. Because of events shown on the map,

new goods were introduced to Europeans

poverty spread throughout the Mediterranean region

European interest in faraway places increased greatly

European Christians became more tolerant of different religious beliefs

DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or best answers the question.

12. Which of the following first caused Europeans to become more interested in Asia?

the rise of Italian city-states as economic centers in the 1300s C.E.

military expeditions made by Europeans to the Holy Land beginning in the 1000s C.E.

the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East and Africa beginning in the 600s C.E.

the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 C.E.

13. Why did Portugal search for new trade routes to Asia along the African coast?

Portugal did not have a port on the Mediterranean Sea.

The journey from Portugal to Asia was shorter along the African coast.

Portugal wanted to gain control of the African slave trade.

The Portuguese hoped to learn about trade routes from African merchants.

14. What was an effect of mercantilism on the colonies in the 1600s?

It discouraged the private ownership of property in the Americas.

It led to fierce rivalry between European nations over territory in the Americas.

It caused Christianity to spread quickly among the native peoples of the Americas.

It forged an alliance between Spain and Portugal against the other colonial powers.

15. A desire to spread Christianity was one reason for European exploration. Which two forms of Christianity were rivals in the exploration of the Americas?

Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism

Protestantism and Judaism

Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

Lutheranism and Protestantism

16. Most English and Dutch colonies in North America were situated

along the Mid-Atlantic coast

in the southwest

along the Great Lakes

in the southeast

17. In the 1500s and early 1600s, explorers from England, France, and the Netherlands hoped to find

a way to reach Asia by sailing around Africa.

the “fountain of youth” mentioned in Native American legend.

a sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

the elusive “Silk Road” that linked Europe to China.

18. After Europeans began colonizing the Americas, chickens changed the diet of many Native American peoples. This is an effect of

the Columbian Exchange

merchantillism

the Reformation

peninsulares

19. In contrast to other European colonizers, French colonists in North America

did not try to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

had no interest in finding a Northwest Passage

arrived more quickly and in much greater numbers

had generally good relations with Native Americans

20. Which explorer was most responsible for making Portugal the “marketplace of Europe”?

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco da Gama

Marco Polo

Christopher Columbus

21. What is one way in which Columbus’s explorations impacted the Americas?

Native peoples of the Americas quickly adopted European lifestyles.

Native peoples of the Americas began losing control of their lands.

Native peoples of the Americas largely abandoned their territory to live in Europe.

Native peoples of the Americas formed military alliances with European nations.

22. What is one reason Spain’s monarchs supported Christopher Columbus’s explorations?

They hoped to launch a new crusade against Islam.

They wanted to find new markets for Spanish goods.

They wanted a new source of labor for Spanish plantations.

They wanted to spread Protestantism to Asia.

23. How did Amerigo Vespucci’s voyages impact European knowledge of the world?

Europeans accepted that there was no direct western route to Asia.

Europeans recognized that South America was a continent, not part of Asia.

Europeans learned that it was possible to sail completely around the world.

Europeans learned that many wealthy civilizations lived in the Americas.

24. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It gave Portugal complete control of the African slave trade.

It ended a war between Portugal and England over control of North America.

It limited exploration of North America to the east coast.

It divided claims in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

25. Which explorer’s stories of China’s fabulous wealth inspired other Europeans to search for sea routes to Asia?

Prince Henry

Bartolomeu Dias

Kublai Khan

Marco Polo

26. What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance?

a sharp decline of trade between Europe and Asia

a “turning inward” and a loss of interest in exploration

a renewed reliance on religious belief rather than reason

a renewed interest in culture and learning

27. During the Renaissance, which of the following contributed to Europe’s desire to explore?

Strong monarchs sought ways to increase trade to make their countries wealthier.

Scientists wanted to establish once and for all that the Earth was round.

Small, weak city-states needed additional income to compete with larger nations.

A system of national laws increasingly replaced local rule.

28. By the 1400s, which nations began to rival Italy as leaders in trade and exploration?

France and England

Greece and Spain

England and Portugal

Portugal and Spain

29. Which technological innovation allowed sailors to use the position of stars to plan a course?

Telescope

Compass

caravel

astrolabe

UNIT 2 VOCAB - Select the answer choice that matches the definition listed

30. A reawakening of culture and intellectual curiosity in Europe from the 1300s to the 1600s.

31. An instrument that uses positions of the stars to plan a course

32. A small, fast Portuguese ship used during the age of exploration and usually having 3 sails.

33. An economic theory that a nation's power depends on its ability to increase wealth by accumulating precious metals.

34. A religious movement in the 1500s that rejected or changed some Roman Catholic teachings and practices and established the Protestant Church

35. A fleet of warships

1. How did the Crusades contribute to the Age of Exploration?

by proving to Europeans that the world was round

by increasing the power of the Protestant churches

by forcing Protestants to flee Europe

by stimulating European trade with Asia

2. By the 1300s, Italian city-states had become economic and cultural centers because of their

rejection of Roman Catholicism

central location along the Mediterranean Sea

extensive overland trade routes to China

sea trade with the Middle East and India

3. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the increasing accuracy of maps during  the Renaissance?

the rediscovery of classical works

reports from traders and travelers

the consolidation of royal power

scientific advances in astronomy

4. Which two European powers were the first to explore the world extensively by sea?

England

France

Portugal

Spain

5. Which of the following was most responsible for the terrible epidemics suffered by the Aztec?

Ferdinand Magellan’s crew’s circumnavigation of the world

Hernán Cortés’s conquests in Mexico

Hernando de Soto’s exploration of modern-day Florida

Christopher Columbus’s exploration of Hispaniola and Cuba

6. Which conquistador was most successful in making Spain wealthy with gold from the Americas?

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Francisco Pizarro

Juan Ponce de León

7. Why are colonies important for countries that practice mercantilism?

They provide raw materials for the home country to manufacture goods.

They make it unnecessary for businesses in the home country to become monopolies.

They create a market for products made by the home country.

They make it easier for the home country to trade bullion for raw materials.

8. In addition to finding gold and other sources of wealth, the first Spanish settlers in the Americas

wanted to found new nations apart from Spain

fled Europe to escape religious persecution

hoped to learn much about Native American religions

hoped to convert Native Americans to Christianity

9. Which of the following show the results of the Columbian Exchange?

Corn became an important part of the Native American diet

Tobacco smoking became popular in Europe and Asia

Farming began to take hold in parts of the Middle East.

Horses allowed Native Americans to travel more quickly.

10. Based on your knowledge and the map, which of the following most directly resulted from the events shown?

spread of Islam into parts of Europe

Growth & prosperity of Italian city-states

increased trade between Africa & Asia

rebirth of intellectual curiosity in Europe

11. Because of events shown on the map,

new goods were introduced to Europeans

poverty spread throughout the Mediterranean region

European interest in faraway places increased greatly

European Christians became more tolerant of different religious beliefs

12. Which of the following first caused Europeans to become more interested in Asia?

the rise of Italian city-states as economic centers in the 1300s C.E.

military expeditions made by Europeans to the Holy Land beginning in the 1000s C.E.

the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East and Africa beginning in the 600s C.E.

the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 C.E.

13. Why did Portugal search for new trade routes to Asia along the African coast?

Portugal did not have a port on the Mediterranean Sea.

The journey from Portugal to Asia was shorter along the African coast.

Portugal wanted to gain control of the African slave trade.

The Portuguese hoped to learn about trade routes from African merchants.

14. What was an effect of mercantilism on the colonies in the 1600s?

It discouraged the private ownership of property in the Americas.

It led to fierce rivalry between European nations over territory in the Americas.

It caused Christianity to spread quickly among the native peoples of the Americas.

It forged an alliance between Spain and Portugal against the other colonial powers.

15. A desire to spread Christianity was one reason for European exploration. Which two forms of Christianity were rivals in the exploration of the Americas?

Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism

Protestantism and Judaism

Roman Catholicism and Protestantism

Lutheranism and Protestantism

16. Most English and Dutch colonies in North America were situated

along the Mid-Atlantic coast

in the southwest

along the Great Lakes

in the southeast

17. In the 1500s and early 1600s, explorers from England, France, and the Netherlands hoped  to find

a way to reach Asia by sailing around Africa.

the “fountain of youth” mentioned in Native American legend.

a sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

the elusive “Silk Road” that linked Europe to China.

18. After Europeans began colonizing the Americas, chickens changed the diet of many Native  American peoples. This is an effect of

the Columbian Exchange

merchantillism

the Reformation

peninsulares

19. In contrast to other European colonizers, French colonists in North America

did not try to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

had no interest in finding a Northwest Passage

arrived more quickly and in much greater numbers

had generally good relations with Native Americans

20. Which explorer was most responsible for making Portugal the “marketplace of Europe”?

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco da Gama

Marco Polo

Christopher Columbus

21. What is one way in which Columbus’s explorations impacted the Americas?

Native peoples of the Americas quickly adopted European lifestyles.

Native peoples of the Americas began losing control of their lands.

Native peoples of the Americas largely abandoned their territory to live in Europe.

Native peoples of the Americas formed military alliances with European nations.

22. What is one reason Spain’s monarchs supported Christopher Columbus’s explorations?

They hoped to launch a new crusade against Islam.

They wanted to find new markets for Spanish goods.

They wanted a new source of labor for Spanish plantations.

They wanted to spread Protestantism to Asia.

23. How did Amerigo Vespucci’s voyages impact European knowledge of the world?

Europeans accepted that there was no direct western route to Asia.

Europeans recognized that South America was a continent, not part of Asia.

Europeans learned that it was possible to sail completely around the world.

Europeans learned that many wealthy civilizations lived in the Americas.

24. What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It gave Portugal complete control of the African slave trade.

It ended a war between Portugal and England over control of North America.

It limited exploration of North America to the east coast.

It divided claims in the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

25. Which explorer’s stories of China’s fabulous wealth inspired other Europeans to search for sea  routes to Asia?

Prince Henry

Bartolomeu Dias

Kublai Khan

Marco Polo

26. What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance?

a sharp decline of trade between Europe and Asia

a “turning inward” and a loss of interest in exploration

a renewed reliance on religious belief rather than reason

a renewed interest in culture and learning

27. During the Renaissance, which of the following contributed to Europe’s desire to explore?

Strong monarchs sought ways to increase trade to make their countries wealthier.

Scientists wanted to establish once and for all that the Earth was round.

Small, weak city-states needed additional income to compete with larger nations.

A system of national laws increasingly replaced local rule.

28. By the 1400s, which nations began to rival Italy as leaders in trade and exploration?

France and England

Greece and Spain

England and Portugal

Portugal and Spain

29. Which technological innovation allowed sailors to use the position of stars to plan a course?

Telescope

Compass

caravel

astrolabe

30. A reawakening of culture and intellectual curiosity in Europe from the 1300s to the 1600s.

armada

astrolabe

caravel

tenant farmer

Renaissance

Columbian Exchange

Reformation

Mercantilism

Northwest Passage

31. An instrument that uses positions of the stars to plan a course

astrolabe

armada

caravel

Renaissance

Mercantilism

Northwest Passage

Reformation

tenant farmer

Columbian Exchange

32. A small, fast Portuguese ship used during the age of exploration and usually having 3 sails.

astrolabe

Columbian Exchange

caravel

armada

Reformation

Mercantilism

Northwest Passage

Renaissance

tenant farmer

33. An economic theory that a nation's power depends on its ability to increase wealth by accumulating precious metals.

armada

Renaissance

astrolabe

Columbian Exchange

tenant farmer

Reformation

caravel

Mercantilism

Northwest Passage

34. A religious movement in the 1500s that rejected or changed some Roman Catholic teachings and practices and established the Protestant Church

Reformation

Northwest Passage

tenant farmer

caravel

Mercantilism

astrolabe

Columbian Exchange

Renaissance

armada

35. A fleet of warships

armada

Columbian Exchange

astrolabe

Renaissance

Reformation

tenant farmer

Mercantilism

caravel

Northwest Passage

36. A global trade of people, goods, technology, ideas, and diseases that occurred during the 1500s & 1600s.

Renaissance

caravel

Northwest Passage

armada

Columbian Exchange

Reformation

tenant farmer

astrolabe

Mercantilism

37. A much-sought sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, located along the north coast of North America.

astrolabe

tenant farmer

caravel

Columbian Exchange

Renaissance

Northwest Passage

Mercantilism

Reformation

armada

38. An instrument that uses positions of the stars to plan a course

Northwest Passage

caravel

Mercantilism

Reformation

Columbian Exchange

tenant farmer

armada

astrolabe

Renaissance

39. What is #1?

West America

America

North America

South America

40. What is #2?

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

41. What is #3?

Atlantic Ocean

South America

Indian Ocean

Brazil

42. What is #4?

Africa

Europe

Brazil

Australia

43. What is #5?

England

Africa

Asia

Europe

44. What is #6?

Atlantic Ocean

North Sea

Arctic Ocean

Southern Ocean

45. What is #7?

China

Europe

Africa

Asia

46. What is #8?

Southern Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Indian Ocean

47. What is #9?

Brazil

Europe

Australia

Africa

48. What is #10?

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Southern Ocean

Arctic Ocean

49. What is #11?

Tundra

North Pole

South Pole

Antarctica

50. What is #12?

Southern Ocean

Specific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean