UNIT 4 DIRECT STUDY GUIDE - THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

the French and the British

the British, the French, and Native Americans

Native Americans and the French

Native Americans and the British

the British

the Spanish

the French

Native Americans

a declaration of independence from Great Britain

a suspension of westward colonial expansion

an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy

a unified colonial council for defense

The Iroquois Confederacy joined forces with the colonies and demanded repayment.

The head of the British government sent troops to help the colonial militias.

The head of the French government sent troops to help the colonial militias.

The colonies received aid from rogue French militias, who then demanded repayment.

The Native Americans declared war against the French and the British in retaliation.

The British began to pay Native Americans for the use of their land as a gesture of peace

More colonists began to settle on Native American lands.

The Iroquois Confederacy made a treaty with the British.

to promote fur trade between Britain and France

to restore peace with Native Americans west of the Appalachians

to force colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War

to expand their colonies into newly acquired territory

to keep the peace between settlers and Native Americans by preventing settlers from moving too far west

to drive Native Americans out of the colonial settlements so westward expansion could resume

so that the colonists could provide shelter for troops, saving Britain money

to crush pockets of rebellious colonists who no longer identified as British citizens

It lowered the tax on molasses but raised taxes on other goods.

It raised the tax on molasses and allowed goods to be seized without due process of law.

It lowered the tax on molasses but allowed goods to be seized without due process of law

It raised taxes on molasses, tea, and other goods important to the colonists.

Colonists protested by planning and carrying out the Boston Tea Party later that year.

Colonial leaders declared to the British government that only colonial assemblies could tax colonists.

Colonists formed the Albany Plan of Union to defend themselves against imminent British attack.

Colonial leaders requested that the British government repeal this tax but agreed that previous taxes were fair.

In addition to enduring taxes and assumptions of guilt without a trial by jury, colonists were required to give room and board to the British soldiers.

Colonists had demanded the repeal of all taxes, the removal of all British troops, and fair and equal treatment for colonists and Native Americans.

In addition to being taxed unfairly, colonists were rebelling against their inability to move west.

Colonists had demanded the return of all British troops as soon as they arrived; violence broke out immediately.

The Boston Massacre caused colonists to rethink their efforts to boycott British imports.

The British East India Company had begun to struggle financially, threatening Britain’s economy.

The Tea Act gave the British government a near monopoly on the colonists’ tea, limiting colonists’ purchasing options.

The Daughters of Liberty convinced many colonists that the British government was attempting to gain total control of the colonies.

The king sent additional troops to enforce the collection of existing taxes

Parliament passed the Coercive Acts to punish and further control the colonists

Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts to encourage colonists to repay the entire war debt

The king consulted with Parliament in hopes of negotiating with the colonists

British troops would be forced to leave the colonies because they would soon run out of supplies.

The profits of British manufacturers and merchants would be reduced.

Colonies would be forced to raise taxes on citizens to make up for revenue lost to the boycott

The colonies would be granted immediate independence from Great Britain.

“all agree that you’ll not married be”

“And encourage our own Manufact’ry”

“No more Ribbons wear, nor in rich dress appear”

“Love your country much better than fine things”

They wanted British merchants to lower prices on imported goods.

They called on colonists to boycott British goods.

They threatened violence against tax collectors.

They asked for colonial representation in Parliament.

Many colonists strongly opposed British taxation policies.

The Stamp Act led to widespread smuggling in the colonies.

Colonists protested British trade laws in nonviolent ways.

Loyalist sentiment was especially strong in New England.

asserted that the colonists wanted to remain part of England.

declared the Coercive Acts to be illegal.

banned colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

created a “grand council” for all English colonies.

Colonial minutemen attacked British troops to show that they were ready to fight.

The British government punished the colonists who took part in the Boston Tea Party.

Colonial minutemen sought revenge against British troops for a previous skirmish.

British troops attempted to disarm the minutemen who were storing weapons and ammunition.

Colonial forces wiped out a small assembly of British soldiers.

British troops took control of an important American fort.

Colonial forces won their first victory of the Revolutionary War.

British troops won the battle but took heavy losses.

It immediately declared independence from Britain.

It established the Continental Army and chose George Washington as its commander.

It hired German troops called Hessians to fight alongside colonial minutemen.

It agreed to abide by the Coercive Acts in exchange for withdrawal of British troops.

It showed colonists that compromise with Britain was still possible.

It led the Second Continental Congress to draft the Olive Branch petition.

It encouraged Patriots to take a slow and steady path toward independence.

It showed colonists that support for independence from Britain was logical.

lists the colonists’ complaints against Britain.

describes the structure of the new American government.

declares America to be an independent nation.

explains why colonists want their independence.

The Continental Army had strong support from nearly all colonists.

The Continental Army hired thousands of mercenaries to fight alongside them.

The Continental Army had a strong, courageous military leader.

The Continental Army was large and well trained.

Massachusetts

Georgia

New Hampshire

Connecticut

the Congress lacked the power to raise money to fund the army.

few colonists owned their own weapons or ammunition.

few colonists believed the British could be defeated.

the Congress required soldiers to join the army for the duration of the war.

American troops were better trained than British troops.

American troops surprised British troops.

American troops greatly outnumbered British troops.

American troops cut off supplies to British troops.

Spain fought the British in Florida and other locations, keeping many British troops out of action against the Patriots.

Spain formed an alliance with the Patriots, sending up to 30,000 troops to fight alongside the Patriots.

Spain supplied the Patriots with money, equipment, and intelligence information about the movement of British troops.

Spain sent a large flotilla of ships to guard the Atlantic coast of North America, preventing the British from receiving supplies.

the victory at Saratoga

the Treaty of Paris

the Battle of Bunker Hill

the Olive Branch petition

and became the core of a determined Continental Army.

only with the aid they received from nearby Native American groups.

which convinced most Patriots that the struggle for independence was hopeless.

only with the aid they received from France.

Nathan Hale

Juan de Miralles

John Burgoyne

Friedrich von Steuben

foreign nations provided financial aid to the Americans, thus reducing the value of American money

most of the currency printed by the Continental Congress was used to finance the war.

foreigners who came to the aid of the Patriots were paid more than American soldiers who fought in the war.

the amount of printed currency exceeded the supply of gold and silver backing the paper currency

large numbers of European immigrants began to replace enslaved workers on Southern plantations.

few enslaved people supported the ideals put forth by the Patriots.

slavery felt incompatible with the ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence.

African American soldiers were more disciplined and efficient than white soldiers.

Loyalists

Germans

Hessians

Minutemen

Slavery is immoral and should be abolished because it violates citizens’ natural rights.

Governments that fail to protect citizens’ rights should be abolished.

Taxation without representation is tyranny and theft.

Colonists are rightful subjects of Great Britain.

Most Native Americans sided with the Patriots, inspired by their ideals of freedom and liberty.

Native Americans became increasingly swept up in the war as the British moved south.

Much of the fighting that involved Native Americans took place west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Native Americans were mainly neutral during the war, waiting to see which side would win

capture British merchant ships and seize their cargo

engage the powerful warships of the British navy in battle

collect taxes from Loyalists who did not want to fund the war

defend colonial settlements from attack by British troops

mercenaries hired by both sides fought, upsetting British battle plans.

Southern traders blockaded coastal cities such as Savannah.

former Loyalists imprisoned thousands of British troops.

small, quick bands of Patriots repeatedly attacked British troops.

Cowpens

Charles Town

Vincennes

Camden

The British were unaware that France had sent warships to aid the Patriots.

The British were expecting Washington to attack at New York City instead.

The British thought Loyalist support in the South would prevent an attack there.

The British thought Washington was on the verge of surrendering entirely.

The strong Continental navy successfully prevented supplies from reaching British troops.

The Continental Army possessed superior firepower and advanced weapons.

The collapse of Loyalist support as the war progressed destroyed British morale.

The Patriots believed in their cause and were committed to outlast the British.

burning effigies of tax collectors

boycotting British goods

seizing property owned by Loyalists

refusing to quarter British soldiers

They offered moral and financial support to the troops.

They served as spies for the Continental Army.

They wrote letters to officials demanding an end to the war.

They provided food and lodging to tired soldiers.

Patriots drove out many Loyalists from the colonies.

Loyalists largely escaped the hardships of the war.

Patriot mobs forced Loyalists to celebrate victories alongside them.

Loyalists sometimes felt threatened by their Patriot neighbors.

Even Loyalists admired American soldiers because they fought for freedom.

All Americans wanted to end British rule of the colonies.

The subject of independence from Great Britain created division among American colonists.

Most Loyalists were peaceful, while most Patriots were violent.