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Newton's First Law of Motion (The Law of Inertia)

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24 Nsɛmmisa

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The English scientist Isaac Newton, who lived around 1700, was curious about how forces affect the motion of objects. After a lot of study and observation, he was able to explain the relationship between forces and Motion.

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Newton’s First Law of Motion

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1.

What was one key interest of Isaac Newton?

Human behavior

Chemical reactions

How forces affect motion

Newton observed a pattern in the relationship between force (a push or pull) and motion. He noticed that a force is needed to make a stationary object start moving. In other words, objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Newton also noticed that a moving object will only slow down, speed up, or change direction if an outside force pushes or pulls it. So, objects continue to do the same thing unless a force acts on them.

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Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. All objects have inertia, whether they are stationary or moving. Inertia explains Newton’s first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force. Newton’s first law of motion is sometimes called the law of inertia.

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6.

According to Newton’s first law, what happens to an object at rest?

It will eventually start moving on its own

It stays at rest without a force

It speeds up until stopped

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The inertia of an object depends on its mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Objects with greater mass also have greater inertia. The measurement of an object’s inertia while at rest is the object’s mass.

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Consider what happens when you roll a ball across a floor. According to Newton’s first law, the ball should keep rolling until a force acts on it to make it stop rolling. What force makes the ball stop rolling? Friction is the resistance force that is created when the ball rubs on the ground. Friction is always in the opposite direction of motion. Friction is the force that makes the ball stop rolling.

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12.

What role does friction play when a ball rolls on the ground?

It makes the ball speed up

It slows down the ball

It does not affect the ball

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Any time there is a change in the motion, like speeding up or slowing down, there is an unbalanced force.

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Any change in motion is known as acceleration. If there is no change in the motion of an object, meaning it is either at rest (not moving) or in motion at a continuous speed, then the forces acting on the object are balanced.

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19.

What indicates that forces on an object are balanced?

The object changes direction

The object speeds up

The object stays at rest

The object moves at a constant speed

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In the picture below you can see the two children exerting a force on the ball to move it across the grass. If they do not push on it, it will not move.

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22.

What causes the ball to move in the image?

The ball moving on its own

The children exerting force on it

The wind pushing it

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2.

What action is needed to move an object that is not moving?

Applying a force

Waiting for it to move

Pushing or pulling the object

Sitting still beside it

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3.

When is a force required on a moving object?

To change its speed

To change its direction

To keep it moving at the same speed

It doesn’t need any force

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4.

Which action shows an example of force?

Standing next to the box

Pushing a box

Pulling a rope

Watching the box

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5.

What happens when no force acts on an object?

It keeps doing what it was doing

It starts moving faster

It stays in its current state

It stops moving altogether

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7.

What is required for an object in motion to change its motion?

An unbalanced force

More mass must be added

No force is needed

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8.

Which bucket is more difficult to push?

The bucket with sand

The bucket with greater mass

The empty bucket

The bucket with less inertia

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9.

What does mass affect in an object?

Inertia

Its temperature

Its color

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10.

Why is the sand bucket harder to move?

It is smaller in size

It contains more mass

It is heavier in weight only

It has greater inertia

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11.

Which statement is true about mass and inertia?

Greater mass means greater inertia

Inertia depends on the mass of an object

Inertia is the same regardless of mass

Less mass means less inertia

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13.

In which direction does friction act on a rolling ball?

In the same direction as motion

Opposite to the motion

Downward towards the ground

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14.

What causes the ball to eventually stop rolling on the floor?

Gravity pulling it down

Air resistance pushing it forward

Friction with the ground

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15.

What happens when two people pull on a rope with different strengths?

The object experiences an unbalanced force

The object's motion changes

The forces are balanced

No motion occurs

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16.

Which of the following describes unbalanced forces?

They always slow down motion

They can change the direction of an object

They only act in one direction

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17.

Why is it important to understand unbalanced forces?

They are only relevant in space

They explain changes in an object's motion

They apply only to heavy objects

They help predict how objects will move

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18.

In the image, which action demonstrates an unbalanced force?

One person pulling harder than the other

Both people pulling equally

No force being applied

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20.

What occurs when forces acting on an object are unbalanced?

The object remains stationary

The object accelerates

The object's motion changes

The object experiences no force

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21.

If a box is not moving, what can be concluded about the forces on it?

Forces are causing acceleration

Forces are acting unevenly

Forces are balanced

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23.

Which of the following statements is true based on the image?

All objects can move without a force

Only big objects require a force to move

Objects need a force to start moving

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24.

What does the image show about forces?

Forces can act on an object to change its motion

A single person can never move large objects

Two people can combine forces to move an object