2006/L18- Introduction to cell cycle

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Which of the following is the most critical function of the G1 phase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

It directly repairs DNA

It regulates translation of cyclins

It is essential for spindle attachment

It acts as part of the DNA damage checkpoint

It enhances apoptotic pathways

To confirm DNA has been replicated

To check if the cell is large enough for mitosis

To ensure chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle

To detect chromosome condensation errors

To activate cyclin synthesis

Drosophila and Sea urchin

Budding yeast and fission yeast

Xenopus eggs and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish

E. coli and yeast

They divide more rapidly

They respond better to antibiotics

They provide uniformity in cell cycle phase for clearer analysis

They are easier to genetically manipulate

They produce higher protein yields

It prevents DNA replication

It accelerates protein synthesis

It can lead to genomic instability and cancer

It enhances immune cell activation

It increases differentiation rates

Which of the following is the most critical function of the G1 phase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

Chromosome segregation

DNA replication

Assessment of cellular conditions before DNA synthesis

Cytokinesis

Apoptosis

During which checkpoint is the activation of APC/C most critical?

G0/G1 checkpoint

G1/S restriction point

G2/M transition

Metaphase-anaphase transition

S-phase checkpoint

What would be the most likely outcome for a cell that cannot repair severe DNA damage and cannot proceed through the G2/M checkpoint?

Re-entry into mitosis

Cell fusion

Apoptosis or permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle

Immediate differentiation

Formation of tetraploid cells

Which of the following events occurs only once per cell cycle and must be strictly regulated?

Chromosome condensation

Centrosome duplication

Cytokinesis

Chromosome segregation

DNA replication

In budding yeast, which of the following experimental tools is primarily used to study essential cell cycle genes?

CRISPR gene knockout

RNA interference

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants

Site-directed mutagenesis

Fluorescent tagging of histones

A fission yeast mutant with defective Rad9 protein fails to pause in G2 after DNA damage. What does this indicate about Rad9’s role?

It directly repairs DNA

It regulates translation of cyclins

It is essential for spindle attachment

It acts as part of the DNA damage checkpoint

It enhances apoptotic pathways

What is the primary purpose of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)?

To confirm DNA has been replicated

To check if the cell is large enough for mitosis

To ensure chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle

To detect chromosome condensation errors

To activate cyclin synthesis

Which pair of model organisms has been most influential in identifying Cdk1/Cdc2 activity?

Drosophila and Sea urchin

Budding yeast and fission yeast

Xenopus eggs and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish

E. coli and yeast

If a mutation in a cell prevents degradation of Cyclin B, what phase transition is most likely to be affected?

G1 to S

S to G2

G2 to M

Metaphase to anaphase

Telophase to G1

Which best explains why synchronous cells are preferred for biochemical studies of the cell cycle?

They divide more rapidly

They respond better to antibiotics

They provide uniformity in cell cycle phase for clearer analysis

They are easier to genetically manipulate

They produce higher protein yields

A researcher adds progesterone to Xenopus oocytes. What immediate response should be expected?

Entry into G0

Exit from metaphase

Arrest in S phase

Progression through G2/M transition

Induction of apoptosis

Which is the best explanation for why uncontrolled progression through the cell cycle is dangerous?

It prevents DNA replication

It accelerates protein synthesis

It can lead to genomic instability and cancer

It enhances immune cell activation

It increases differentiation rates

In which cell cycle phase are centrosomes duplicated?

G0

G1

S

G2

M

What is a defining structural feature of a chromosome that enables attachment of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Telomere

Nucleosome

Kinetochores at the centromere

Cohesin rings

Histone core

Which checkpoint ensures that environmental signals and DNA integrity are appropriate before a cell commits to a new cycle?

G2/M checkpoint

Spindle assembly checkpoint

S-phase replication checkpoint

G1/S restriction checkpoint

Anaphase promoting complex checkpoint