Unit 2 Test on Energy, Characteristics of Life, & Scientific Method

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Which of the following lists include only biotic parts of an ecosystem?

Rain, Grass, Seeds, Mice

Tree Log, Dead Grass, Fungi, Bird

Sand, Air, Water, Sunlight

Bacteria, Soil, Minerals, Worms

A(n) _____________ is all the living and nonliving things in a particular area that interact with one another.

Biome

Ecosystem

Population

Community

In an ecosystem, a group of birds eat fruit from a tree. When the birds drop the fruit on the ground, the mice eat the fruit. Seeds are spread around the area by both the birds and mice and new trees grow. What level of organization is this an example of?

Population

Community

Biome

Organism

Which of the following correctly shows the organization in an ecosystem, from the smallest to the largest level?

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem

Population, Community, Ecosystem, Organism

Community, Ecosystem, Organism, Population

Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

growth and development

unresponsive to the environment

ability to use energy

ability to reproduce

Both a fast-moving stream and a dog respond to the environment and grow and develop, but this characteristic of life is why a dog is considered alive and a stream isn’t.

The ability to grow and develop

The ability to move

Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?

Food eaten by animals at the highest trophic level has a lower energy content per gram

Conversion of heat energy into chemical energy

Biomass of producers is small

Energy losses through the food chain

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m/year) passes from the predatory invertebrates to the carnivores?

14 000 kJ m year

1 400 kJ m year

140 000 kJ m year

140 kJ m year

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m year) passes from the primary producers to the detritivores?

140 kJ m year

14 000 kJ m year

140 000 kJ m year

1 400 kJ m year

Which represents a correct food chain from this web?

filamentous algae → mayfly nymph → leech → stickleback

shrimp → Daphnia → stickleback → dragonfly nymph

fish → midge larva → caddisfly larva → stickleback

stickleback fish → midge larva → unicellular algae

Which term best defines a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area?

Community

Ecosystem

Ecology

Species

Which of the following ecological units includes abiotic factors?

A trophic level

An ecosystem

A population

A community

Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

They contain the greatest total biomass in the system.

They are eaten by primary consumers.

They are fewer in number than are primary consumers.

They are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers.

They eat only plants.

Which of the following organisms is most likely to be located at the apex of the pyramid of biomass?

All of the following statements about the diagram below are correct EXCEPT:

All of the organisms except grass are consumers, regardless of position.

The mouse and grasshopper are at the same trophic level.

The grasshopper is an herbivore.

The grass is a producer.

Only two trophic levels are depicted.

Which of the following organisms in the diagram above most likely has the largest biomass?

Which law of thermodynamics explains why energy is lost to the environment at each trophic level?

Third law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

Which law of thermodynamics explains why the amount of energy is the same at each trophic level but it may be in different forms.

First law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

Third law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Which law of thermodynamics explains that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but converted from one form to another?

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Third law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a photosynthetic plant. It obtains nitrogen but not energy by digesting captured insects. Which term describes this plant?

Primary consumer

Decomposer

Secondary consumer

Autotroph

The three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus, lives in tree tops where it feeds on leaves. It also feeds on algae and fungi which live in its fur. In which trophic group should the three-toed sloth be classified?

Decomposer

Autotroph

Detritivore

Consumer

Over time, the hull of a sunken ship may become colonized by a wide range of marine organisms. What term is used to describe all of the organisms living in and on a sunken ship?

An ecosystem

An ecological niche

A population

A community

Which level(s) of ecological complexity involve(s) biotic factors but not abiotic factors?
I. Community
II. Ecosystem
III. Population

I only

II only

I and II only

I and III only

Which of the following molecules do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?
I. H2O
II.CO2
III. C6H12O6

II and III only

I only

I, II, and III

I and II only

Where does chemosynthesis primarily occur?

Deep-sea vents

Forests

Freshwater lakes

Open ocean

Which organisms typically perform chemosynthesis?

Certain bacteria

Fungi

Plants

Coral reefs

What do chemosynthetic organisms use to produce food?

Light energy

Water

Inorganic compounds

Organic matter

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

To produce heat for growth.

To release oxygen only.

To convert sunlight into chemical energy.

To absorb carbon dioxide solely.

What role do herbivores play in the food web?

Primary consumers

Decomposers

Producers

Tertiary consumers

Which statement best describes a trophic level in an ecosystem?

A source of energy for organisms

A type of habitat found in ecosystems

A category of biological classification

A position in a food chain or food web

What do arrows in a food web represent?

Population size

Biomass amount

Energy flow

Habitat range

The picture below shows an energy pyramid.

What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?

There will be fewer foxes and wolves.

The foxes will eat more wolves.

The foxes will eat fewer wolves.

There will be more foxes and wolves.

The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain.

Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the

arctic foxes to have more food.

sea ducks to have less food.

kelp to have less food.

crabs to have more food.

A marine food web is shown in the diagram below.

Which organism below belongs in level 3 of this marine food web?

sea alga

salmon

polar bear

zooplankton

A marine food web is shown below.

Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?

Primary Consumer: fish
Secondary Consumer: seal
Decomposer: polar bear

Primary Consumer: bacteria
Secondary Consumer: fish
Decomposer: seal

Primary Consumer: ice algae
Secondary Consumer: krill
Decomposer: fish

Primary Consumer: krill
Secondary Consumer: fish
Decomposer: bacteria

The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community.

Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations within the community of organisms immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

Meadow plants would decrease and rabbits would decrease.

Hawks would increase and foxes would increase.

Hawks would decrease and foxes would increase.

Meadow plants would increase and rabbits would decrease.

Which statement best describes what will happen if the population of herbivores in the community decreases?

The population of foxes will increase.

The population of hawks will increase.

The population of rabbits will increase.

The population of meadow plants will increase.

Which statement best describes the flow of energy as it passes through the organisms in the pyramid?

Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and decreases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and increases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and increases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and decreases at each level.

The diagram below shows a simple food web.

Which animal is classified as an omnivore?

deer

rabbit

black bear

Which of the following lists include only biotic parts of an ecosystem?

Rain, Grass, Seeds, Mice

Tree Log, Dead Grass, Fungi, Bird

Sand, Air, Water, Sunlight

Bacteria, Soil, Minerals, Worms

A(n) _____________ is all the living and nonliving things in a particular area that interact with one another.

Biome

Ecosystem

Population

Community

In an ecosystem, a group of birds eat fruit from a tree. When the birds drop the fruit on the ground, the mice eat the fruit. Seeds are spread around the area by both the birds and mice and new trees grow. What level of organization is this an example of?

Population

Community

Biome

Organism

Which of the following correctly shows the organization in an ecosystem, from the smallest to the largest level?

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem

Population, Community, Ecosystem, Organism

Community, Ecosystem, Organism, Population

Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

growth and development

unresponsive to the environment

ability to use energy

ability to reproduce

Both a fast-moving stream and a dog respond to the environment and grow and develop, but this characteristic of life is why a dog is considered alive and a stream isn’t.

The ability to grow and develop

The ability to move

Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?

Food eaten by animals at the highest trophic level has a lower energy content per gram

Conversion of heat energy into chemical energy

Biomass of producers is small

Energy losses through the food chain

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m/year) passes from the predatory invertebrates to the carnivores?

14 000 kJ m year

1 400 kJ m year

140 000 kJ m year

140 kJ m year

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m year) passes from the primary producers to the detritivores?

140 kJ m year

14 000 kJ m year

140 000 kJ m year

1 400 kJ m year

Which represents a correct food chain from this web?

filamentous algae → mayfly nymph → leech → stickleback

shrimp → Daphnia → stickleback → dragonfly nymph

fish → midge larva → caddisfly larva → stickleback

stickleback fish → midge larva → unicellular algae

Which term best defines a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area?

Community

Ecosystem

Ecology

Species

Which of the following ecological units includes abiotic factors?

A trophic level

An ecosystem

A population

A community

Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

They contain the greatest total biomass in the system.

They are eaten by primary consumers.

They are fewer in number than are primary consumers.

They are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers.

They eat only plants.

Which of the following organisms is most likely to be located at the apex of the pyramid of biomass?

hawk

mouse

grass

grasshopper

snake

All of the following statements about the diagram below are correct EXCEPT:

All of the organisms except grass are consumers, regardless of position.

The mouse and grasshopper are at the same trophic level.

The grasshopper is an herbivore.

The grass is a producer.

Only two trophic levels are depicted.

Which of the following organisms in the diagram above most likely has the largest biomass?

grass

grasshopper

hawk

snake

mouse

Which law of thermodynamics explains why energy is lost to the environment at each trophic level?

Third law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

Which law of thermodynamics explains why the amount of energy is the same at each trophic level but it may be in different forms.

First law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

Third law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Which law of thermodynamics explains that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but converted from one form to another?

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Third law of thermodynamics

Fourth law of thermodynamics

The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a photosynthetic plant. It obtains nitrogen but not energy by digesting captured insects. Which term describes this plant?

Primary consumer

Decomposer

Secondary consumer

Autotroph

The three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus, lives in tree tops where it feeds on leaves. It also feeds on algae and fungi which live in its fur. In which trophic group should the three-toed sloth be classified?

Decomposer

Autotroph

Detritivore

Consumer

Over time, the hull of a sunken ship may become colonized by a wide range of marine organisms. What term is used to describe all of the organisms living in and on a sunken ship?

An ecosystem

An ecological niche

A population

A community

Which level(s) of ecological complexity involve(s) biotic factors but not abiotic factors?
                                                    I. Community
                                                    II. Ecosystem
                                                    III. Population

I only

II only

I and II only

I and III only

Which of the following molecules do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?
I. H2O
II.CO2
III. C6H12O6

II and III only

I only

I, II, and III

I and II only

Where does chemosynthesis primarily occur?

Deep-sea vents

Forests

Freshwater lakes

Open ocean

Which organisms typically perform chemosynthesis?

Certain bacteria

Fungi

Plants

Coral reefs

What do chemosynthetic organisms use to produce food?

Light energy

Water

Inorganic compounds

Organic matter

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

To produce heat for growth.

To release oxygen only.

To convert sunlight into chemical energy.

To absorb carbon dioxide solely.

What role do herbivores play in the food web?

Primary consumers

Decomposers

Producers

Tertiary consumers

Which statement best describes a trophic level in an ecosystem?

A source of energy for organisms

A type of habitat found in ecosystems

A category of biological classification

A position in a food chain or food web

What do arrows in a food web represent?

Population size

Biomass amount

Energy flow

Habitat range

The picture below shows an energy pyramid.

What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?

There will be fewer foxes and wolves.

The foxes will eat more wolves.

The foxes will eat fewer wolves.

There will be more foxes and wolves.

The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain.

Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the

arctic foxes to have more food.

sea ducks to have less food.

kelp to have less food.

crabs to have more food.

A marine food web is shown in the diagram below.

Which organism below belongs in level 3 of this marine food web?

sea alga

salmon

polar bear

zooplankton

A marine food web is shown below.

Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?

Primary Consumer: fish
Secondary Consumer: seal
Decomposer: polar bear

Primary Consumer: bacteria
Secondary Consumer: fish
Decomposer: seal

Primary Consumer: ice algae
Secondary Consumer: krill
Decomposer: fish

Primary Consumer: krill
Secondary Consumer: fish
Decomposer: bacteria

The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community.

Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations within the community of organisms immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

Meadow plants would decrease and rabbits would decrease.

Hawks would increase and foxes would increase.

Hawks would decrease and foxes would increase.

Meadow plants would increase and rabbits would decrease.

Which statement best describes what will happen if the population of herbivores in the community decreases?

The population of foxes will increase.

The population of hawks will increase.

The population of rabbits will increase.

The population of meadow plants will increase.

Which statement best describes the flow of energy as it passes through the organisms in the pyramid?

Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and decreases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and increases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from top to bottom and increases at each level.

Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and decreases at each level.

The diagram below shows a simple food web.

Which animal is classified as an omnivore?

deer

rabbit

black bear

red fox

Which of the following animals might compete with the coyote in this food chain?

Decomposers are important in the food chain because they

stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.

are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.

break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.

produce their own food using light from the Sun.

The diagram below shows a marine food chain.

The zooplankton in this food chain are

primary consumers.

secondary consumers.

tertiary consumers.

primary producers.

The table below contains information about animal diets.

Which energy pyramid best represents the data in the table?

A forest-ecosystem food web is shown below.

If additional wrens are introduced into this ecosystem, there will most likely be an immediate decrease in the

frog population.

snake population.

falcon population.

grasshopper population.

A food chain is shown below.

Grasses → Crickets → Field Mice → Hawks

For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences?

the poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters

a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought

a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population

the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice

A group of organisms that interact with and depend upon one another is called a community. The movement of matter and energy through a community can be studied by examining its food web. As organisms eat other organisms, energy and nutrients pass through various feeding levels. These feeding levels are called trophic levels. The following is a diagram of the energy and nutrient flow through a simple community.

Which group would most likely contain living algae?

Decomposers

Producers

Second order consumers

First order consumers

What is the source of energy for the algae?

sunlight

bacteria

waves

rotifers, water fleas, and tadpoles

Ecosystems are composed of all living and nonliving components in an area. Food webs show the flow of nutrients and energy within an ecosystem.

Use the food web to answer the following questions.

Suppose that a new predator of the rabbit migrated to this ecosystem. What is the most likely initial effect on the other organisms?

Less competition among snakes for food

More competition among the mice for food

Less grass available for food

More competition among the hawks for food

Which one of the following is true of grass in an ecosystem?

It produces carbon dioxide from oxygen and water.

It converts oxygen to glucose.

It converts water to energy.

It produces glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Interactions in an ecosystem result from the transfer of matter and energy from producers to consumers and eventually to decomposers. What are the forms of energy transfer from #1 → #4?

Light energy to chemical energy

Chemical energy to heat energy

Heat energy to mechanical energy

Chemical energy to chemical energy

How would the removal of earthworms from the food chain affect the other organisms?

The number of crayfish will decrease.

The number of bass will increase.

The crayfish will get their energy directly from the Sun.

The number of bass and ospreys will increase.

A student examines the information in the table. The student concludes that Organism W should be placed at the base of the food web, to represent the feeding relationships in the marine ecosystem. However, the student later learns that Organism W’s cells do not contain chloroplasts.

Which conclusion would be appropriate, based on the new information?

Another organism in the marine ecosystem is a producer.

This marine ecosystem does not have any producers.

Organism W is a secondary consumer in the marine ecosystem.

The role of Organism T in the marine ecosystem changes during its life.

Wolves get energy from eating rabbits. Rabbits get energy from eating grass. The grass makes its own food energy. If lots of the wolves were killed, then

there would be more rabbits.

there would be fewer rabbits.

more grass would grow.

less grass would be eaten.

In ecosystems, the sun’s energy is transferred through food webs as shown below.

The sun’s energy is most directly available to people through

path B.

path C.

path D.

path A.

We get energy from the food we eat. The energy in the food first comes from the

fertilizers used by farmers.

sun.

soil.

vitamins added by food manufacturers.

Use the diagram below to answer the question.

In this energy pyramid, which organism would most likely be in level 2?

caterpillar

bird

fox

tree

Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Which group of organisms is not represented in the diagram above of a simple food web?

prey

decomposers

consumers

producers

Use the food chain below to answer the following question.

What do the arrows in the food chain indicate about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Organisms at the end of the food chain receive more energy than those at the beginning.

Energy is continuously recycled by the organisms in an ecosystem.

Energy flows in one direction in an ecosystem, from producers to consumers.

More of the available energy in an ecosystem is given to large animals than to small animals.

In testing the effect of light on plant growth, what variable is controlled?

Soil quality

Growth duration

Type of plant used

Light intensity

Unit 2 Test on Energy, Characteristics of Life, & Scientific Method

Unit 2 Test on Energy, Characteristics of Life, & Scientific Method

Which of the following lists include only biotic parts of an ecosystem?

A(n) _____________ is all the living and nonliving things in a particular area that interact with one another.

In an ecosystem, a group of birds eat fruit from a tree. When the birds drop the fruit on the ground, the mice eat the fruit. Seeds are spread around the area by both the birds and mice and new trees grow. What level of organization is this an example of?

Which of the following correctly shows the organization in an ecosystem, from the smallest to the largest level?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

Both a fast-moving stream and a dog respond to the environment and grow and develop, but this characteristic of life is why a dog is considered alive and a stream isn’t.

Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m/year) passes from the predatory invertebrates to the carnivores?

The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is 14,000 kJ m/year. Approximately how much energy (in kJ m year) passes from the primary producers to the detritivores?

Which represents a correct food chain from this web?

Which term best defines a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area?

Which of the following ecological units includes abiotic factors?

Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

Which of the following organisms is most likely to be located at the apex of the pyramid of biomass?

All of the following statements about the diagram below are correct EXCEPT:

Which of the following organisms in the diagram above most likely has the largest biomass?

Which law of thermodynamics explains why energy is lost to the environment at each trophic level?

Which law of thermodynamics explains why the amount of energy is the same at each trophic level but it may be in different forms.

Which law of thermodynamics explains that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but converted from one form to another?

The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a photosynthetic plant. It obtains nitrogen but not energy by digesting captured insects. Which term describes this plant?

The three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus, lives in tree tops where it feeds on leaves. It also feeds on algae and fungi which live in its fur. In which trophic group should the three-toed sloth be classified?

Over time, the hull of a sunken ship may become colonized by a wide range of marine organisms. What term is used to describe all of the organisms living in and on a sunken ship?

Which level(s) of ecological complexity involve(s) biotic factors but not abiotic factors? I. Community II. Ecosystem III. Population

Which of the following molecules do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?I. H2OII.CO2III. C6H12O6

Where does chemosynthesis primarily occur?

Which organisms typically perform chemosynthesis?

What do chemosynthetic organisms use to produce food?

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

What role do herbivores play in the food web?

Which statement best describes a trophic level in an ecosystem?

What do arrows in a food web represent?

The picture below shows an energy pyramid.What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?

The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain.Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the

A marine food web is shown in the diagram below.Which organism below belongs in level 3 of this marine food web?

A marine food web is shown below.Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?

The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community.Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations within the community of organisms immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

Which statement best describes what will happen if the population of herbivores in the community decreases?

Which statement best describes the flow of energy as it passes through the organisms in the pyramid?

The diagram below shows a simple food web.Which animal is classified as an omnivore?

Which level(s) of ecological complexity involve(s) biotic factors but not abiotic factors?
I. Community
II. Ecosystem
III. Population

Which of the following molecules do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?
I. H2O
II.CO2
III. C6H12O6

The picture below shows an energy pyramid.

What will most likely happen to the foxes and the wolves if the rabbits are removed?

The picture below shows an ocean bay food chain.

Sea otters move into the ocean bay. They eat all the sea urchins. This change will cause the

A marine food web is shown in the diagram below.

Which organism below belongs in level 3 of this marine food web?

A marine food web is shown below.

Which chart correctly shows three of the organisms according to their roles in cycling matter in the marine food web?

The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community.

Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations within the community of organisms immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

The diagram below shows a simple food web.

Which animal is classified as an omnivore?