Unit 2 Test Study Guide on Biogeochemical cycles

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How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

By absorbing oxygen during growth.

By releasing nitrogen into the air.

By storing carbon in their roots.

Through photosynthesis, absorbing carbon dioxide.

What process releases carbon from organic matter?

Transpiration through leaves.

Photosynthesis in plants.

Decomposition by bacteria and fungi.

Evaporation of water from soil.

Which human activity significantly increases atmospheric carbon?

Raising plants in gardens.

Burning fossil fuels for energy.

Drinking carbonated beverages.

Swimming in bodies of water.

What role do oceans play in the carbon cycle?

They absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.

They release carbon through evaporation.

They only store oxygen.

They have no role in the carbon cycle.

What carbon compound is formed during fossil fuel combustion?

Oxygen is released into the air.

Carbon dioxide is produced.

Nitrogen compounds are formed.

Carbon monoxide is absorbed only.

Cellular respiration

adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

removes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

adds oxygen to the atmosphere

adds nitrogen to the atmosphere

How do volcanic eruptions affect the carbon cycle?

They absorb carbon from the air.

They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

They increase plant growth in the area.

They have no effect on carbon levels.

How does carbon flow from plants to animals?

Animals absorb it from soil directly.

Through soil evaporation only.

Through the food chain during consumption.

Plants decay into water and oxygen.

What is the primary process by which nitrogen gas is converted into a usable form for plants?

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen consumption

Denitrification

Nitrogen recycling

True or False. Plants perform cellular respiration

True

False

What is the term for the conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas?

Assimilation

Ammonification

Nitrification

Denitrification

How do plants primarily take in nitrogen?

Through leaves as gas

Through their roots as nitrates

Through soil minerals

From the air directly

Which human activity can significantly disrupt the nitrogen cycle?

Organic farming

Fertilizer application

Soil conservation

Reforestation

Which nitrogen compounds are most readily absorbed by plants?

Nitrogen gas

Nitrites

Ammonia

Nitrates

What role do legumes play in the nitrogen cycle?

Store nitrogen in roots

Host nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Prevent soil erosion

Absorb more nitrogen than others

How does excess nitrogen enter water bodies?

Air pollution from factories

Decomposition of organic matter

Through runoff from fertilizers

Washing of soil minerals

In which stage does nitrogen become atmospheric gas?

Denitrification

Ammonification

Nitrification

Nitrogen fixation

What is the primary source of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen gas (N2)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Water vapor (H2O)

Oxygen gas (O2)

How do animals contribute to the nitrogen cycle?

Absorbing nitrogen from plants

Planting nitrogen-rich crops

By excreting waste containing nitrogen

Converting nitrates back to gas

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle?

Earth's Internal Heat

The Sun

The Moon

Wind

Which process in the water cycle involves vapor turning to liquid?

Evaporation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Condensation

What is the process of water leaving plants through the leaves?

Transpiration

Condensation

Evaporation

Infiltration

What is evaporation primarily driven by?

Cooling air

Heating by the Sun

Soil moisture

Cloud formation

What happens during precipitation in the water cycle?

Water evaporates from clouds

Water falls from clouds as rain, snow, or sleet

Water is absorbed by plants

Water condenses to form clouds

In the water cycle, what is the role of aquifers?

Store groundwater

Evaporate water

Absorb rainfall

Contain surface water

What is a rich source of phosphorus?

Which organisms primarily convert organic phosphorus back to inorganic forms?

Herbivores

Producers

Consumers

Decomposers

Which aquatic process can lead to excess phosphorus and eutrophication?

Water evaporation

Sedimentation rates

Phosphate mining

Nutrient runoff from land

What is one consequence of excessive phosphorus in water?

Lower water temperatures

Decreased evaporation rates

Increased fish populations

Algal blooms

Which cycle does not have a gaseous phase?

Phosphorus cycle

Carbon cycle

Water cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Decomposers are important in the environment because they

can take in carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen

release heat from large molecules so that the heat can be recycled through the ecosystem

convert large molecules into simpler molecules that can then be recycled

convert molecules of dead organisms into permanent biotic parts of an ecosystem

Which statement best describes the flow of energy and the movement of chemical compounds in an ecosystem?

Energy flows into living organisms and remains there, while chemical compounds are transferred from organism to organism.

Energy is transferred from organism to organism in a food chain and chemical compounds are recycled.

Energy flows out of living organisms and is lost, while chemical compounds remain permanently inside organisms.

Chemical compounds flow in one direction in a food chain and energy is produced.

Which component of a stable ecosystem cannot be recycled?

nitrogen

energy

oxygen

water

The process in which liquid water changes into gas is called

precipitation

evaporation

condensation

transpiration

The diagram to the right is a representation of a carbon cycle.

Which arrow represents cellular respiration?

D

A

B

C

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents photosynthesis?

A

C

B

D

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents combustion of fossil fuels?

D

B

C

A

Which organism is primarily responsible for nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems?

Archaea

Bacteria

Fungi

Plants

What process in the carbon cycle involves the breakdown of organic carbon compounds by decomposers, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

Weathering

Combustion

Respiration

For each letter provided on the diagram below, state the process occurring in the water cycle.

B ________________ c __________________  D_________________  E__________________  F ____________ H ________________ 

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the only element unique to DNA?

water

phosphorus

nitrogen

carbon

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to produce all molecules needed for life?

carbon

nitrogen

phosphorus

water

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to proteins, amino acids, and DNA?

How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

By absorbing oxygen during growth.

By releasing nitrogen into the air.

By storing carbon in their roots.

Through photosynthesis, absorbing carbon dioxide.

What process releases carbon from organic matter?

Transpiration through leaves.

Photosynthesis in plants.

Decomposition by bacteria and fungi.

Evaporation of water from soil.

Which human activity significantly increases atmospheric carbon?

Raising plants in gardens.

Burning fossil fuels for energy.

Drinking carbonated beverages.

Swimming in bodies of water.

What role do oceans play in the carbon cycle?

They absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.

They release carbon through evaporation.

They only store oxygen.

They have no role in the carbon cycle.

What carbon compound is formed during fossil fuel combustion?

Oxygen is released into the air.

Carbon dioxide is produced.

Nitrogen compounds are formed.

Carbon monoxide is absorbed only.

Cellular respiration

adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

removes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

adds oxygen to the atmosphere

adds nitrogen to the atmosphere

How do volcanic eruptions affect the carbon cycle?

They absorb carbon from the air.

They release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

They increase plant growth in the area.

They have no effect on carbon levels.

How does carbon flow from plants to animals?

Animals absorb it from soil directly.

Through soil evaporation only.

Through the food chain during consumption.

Plants decay into water and oxygen.

What is the primary process by which nitrogen gas is converted into a usable form for plants?

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen consumption

Denitrification

Nitrogen recycling

True or False. Plants perform cellular respiration

True

False

What is the term for the conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas?

Assimilation

Ammonification

Nitrification

Denitrification

How do plants primarily take in nitrogen?

Through leaves as gas

Through their roots as nitrates

Through soil minerals

From the air directly

Which human activity can significantly disrupt the nitrogen cycle?

Organic farming

Fertilizer application

Soil conservation

Reforestation

Which nitrogen compounds are most readily absorbed by plants?

Nitrogen gas

Nitrites

Ammonia

Nitrates

What role do legumes play in the nitrogen cycle?

Store nitrogen in roots

Host nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Prevent soil erosion

Absorb more nitrogen than others

How does excess nitrogen enter water bodies?

Air pollution from factories

Decomposition of organic matter

Through runoff from fertilizers

Washing of soil minerals

In which stage does nitrogen become atmospheric gas?

Denitrification

Ammonification

Nitrification

Nitrogen fixation

What is the primary source of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Nitrogen gas (N2)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Water vapor (H2O)

Oxygen gas (O2)

How do animals contribute to the nitrogen cycle?

Absorbing nitrogen from plants

Planting nitrogen-rich crops

By excreting waste containing nitrogen

Converting nitrates back to gas

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle?

Earth's Internal Heat

The Sun

The Moon

Wind

Which process in the water cycle involves vapor turning to liquid?

Evaporation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Condensation

What is the process of water leaving plants through the leaves?

Transpiration

Condensation

Evaporation

Infiltration

What is evaporation primarily driven by?

Cooling air

Heating by the Sun

Soil moisture

Cloud formation

What happens during precipitation in the water cycle?

Water evaporates from clouds

Water falls from clouds as rain, snow, or sleet

Water is absorbed by plants

Water condenses to form clouds

In the water cycle, what is the role of aquifers?

Store groundwater

Evaporate water

Absorb rainfall

Contain surface water

What is a rich source of phosphorus?

Groundwater

Photosynthesis by plants

Weathering of rocks

Soil

Precipitation

Which organisms primarily convert organic phosphorus back to inorganic forms?

Herbivores

Producers

Consumers

Decomposers

Which aquatic process can lead to excess phosphorus and eutrophication?

Water evaporation

Sedimentation rates

Phosphate mining

Nutrient runoff from land

What is one consequence of excessive phosphorus in water?

Lower water temperatures

Decreased evaporation rates

Increased fish populations

Algal blooms

Which cycle does not have a gaseous phase?

Phosphorus cycle

Carbon cycle

Water cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Decomposers are important in the environment because they

can take in carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen

release heat from large molecules so that the heat can be recycled through the ecosystem

convert large molecules into simpler molecules that can then be recycled

convert molecules of dead organisms into permanent biotic parts of an ecosystem

Which statement best describes the flow of energy and the movement of chemical compounds in an ecosystem?

Energy flows into living organisms and remains there, while chemical compounds are transferred from organism to organism.

Energy is transferred from organism to organism in a food chain and chemical compounds are recycled.

Energy flows out of living organisms and is lost, while chemical compounds remain permanently inside organisms.

Chemical compounds flow in one direction in a food chain and energy is produced.

Which component of a stable ecosystem cannot be recycled?

nitrogen

energy

oxygen

water

The process in which liquid water changes into gas is called

precipitation

evaporation

condensation

transpiration

The diagram to the right is a representation of a carbon cycle. 

Which arrow represents cellular respiration?

D

A

B

C

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents photosynthesis?

A

C

B

D

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents combustion of fossil fuels?

D

B

C

A

Which organism is primarily responsible for nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems?

Archaea

Bacteria

Fungi

Plants

What process in the carbon cycle involves the breakdown of organic carbon compounds by decomposers, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

Weathering

Combustion

Respiration

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the only element unique to DNA?

water

phosphorus

nitrogen

carbon

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to produce all molecules needed for life?

carbon

nitrogen

phosphorus

water

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to proteins, amino acids, and DNA?

carbon

nitrogen

water

phosphorus

Our atmosphere is 20.9% oxygen (O2). Which provides most of the oxygen in the atmosphere?

Transpiration

Osmosis

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Which of the following statements best explains how forests reduce atmospheric CO2 levels?

Forest animals consume atmospheric CO2 during respiration.

Trees use atoms CO2 during photosynthesis to form organic compounds

Tree roots fix atmospheric CO2 into the soil for the trees

Soil bacteria break down atmosphere CO2 to make fossil fuel

The diagram below represents the nitrogen cycle in a student’s aquarium. Ammonia, nitrites,  and, to a lesser degree, nitrates can be harmful to fish. The student wants to keep the  nitrogen in this aquarium cycling normally without having to continually change the water.

Which of the following should the student add more of to help remove nitrates and improve  the natural cycling of nitrogen in this aquarium?

Nitrobacter

Fish

Plants

Water

The food web shows the flow of energy through a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem.

Which of these organisms are in a trophic level that receives a larger percentage of the  energy captured by the producers than the percentage received at the bats’ trophic level?

Hawks

Ground squirrels

Mountain lions

Snakes

What is the primary cause of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

Overfishing

Acid rain

Excessive nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus

Deforestation

Which of the following is a common consequence of eutrophication?

Increased oxygen levels in the water

Decreased algae growth

Death of aquatic life due to hypoxia

Improved biodiversity in the ecosystem

A student is asked to draw a food web in which the same organism is a primary consumer as  well as a secondary consumer. How should the organism be represented in the food web?

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a tertiary consumer and another arrow pointing from it to a decomposer

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a primary consumer and another arrow pointing away from it to a decomposer

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a secondary consumer and another arrow pointing to it from the top predator.

The organism must have an arrow pointing to it from a producer and another arrow pointing to it from a primary consumer.

Unit 2 Test Study Guide on Biogeochemical cycles

Unit 2 Test Study Guide on Biogeochemical cycles

How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

What process releases carbon from organic matter?

Which human activity significantly increases atmospheric carbon?

What role do oceans play in the carbon cycle?

What carbon compound is formed during fossil fuel combustion?

Cellular respiration

How do volcanic eruptions affect the carbon cycle?

How does carbon flow from plants to animals?

What is the primary process by which nitrogen gas is converted into a usable form for plants?

True or False. Plants perform cellular respiration

What is the term for the conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas?

How do plants primarily take in nitrogen?

Which human activity can significantly disrupt the nitrogen cycle?

Which nitrogen compounds are most readily absorbed by plants?

What role do legumes play in the nitrogen cycle?

How does excess nitrogen enter water bodies?

In which stage does nitrogen become atmospheric gas?

What is the primary source of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

How do animals contribute to the nitrogen cycle?

What is the primary source of energy for the water cycle?

Which process in the water cycle involves vapor turning to liquid?

What is the process of water leaving plants through the leaves?

What is evaporation primarily driven by?

What happens during precipitation in the water cycle?

In the water cycle, what is the role of aquifers?

What is a rich source of phosphorus?

Which organisms primarily convert organic phosphorus back to inorganic forms?

Which aquatic process can lead to excess phosphorus and eutrophication?

What is one consequence of excessive phosphorus in water?

Which cycle does not have a gaseous phase?

Decomposers are important in the environment because they

Which statement best describes the flow of energy and the movement of chemical compounds in an ecosystem?

Which component of a stable ecosystem cannot be recycled?

The process in which liquid water changes into gas is called

The diagram to the right is a representation of a carbon cycle. Which arrow represents cellular respiration?

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents photosynthesis?

Examine the diagram. Which arrow represents combustion of fossil fuels?

Which organism is primarily responsible for nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems?

What process in the carbon cycle involves the breakdown of organic carbon compounds by decomposers, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere?

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the only element unique to DNA?

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to produce all molecules needed for life?

Which biogeochemical cycle is necessary to recycle the element necessary to proteins, amino acids, and DNA?

What is the primary cause of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

Which of the following is a common consequence of eutrophication?

The diagram to the right is a representation of a carbon cycle.

Which arrow represents cellular respiration?