Unit 2 Test on Greenhouse effect and aquatic ecosystems

Last updated 2 months ago

53 questions

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

Required

1

A terrestrial food web is shown below.

Which of the following lists only organisms that are secondary consumers in this food web?

Insectivorous birds, seed-eating birds,  owls, and hawks

Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes

Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and  squirrels

Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and  foxes

Which of the following molecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

Protein/ amino acids

Sugar

Fats

DNA

The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs.

Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

A reduction in the use of fossil fuels

Increases in marine biota

The destruction of terrestrial biota

A thickening of ocean sediments

The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Aswan High Dam contains the flow of water from the river and reduces the annual fall flooding. The floodwater is trapped behind the huge dam, allowing irrigation for agriculture. Sediments that would be washed away by the annual floods are also trapped behind the dam. The graph shows the water flow from the Nile that enters the Mediterranean Sea.

How has this dam most likely affected the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem?

The flooding in August through November causes marine life to be destroyed.

The water temperature of the sea has increased

Reduced nutrients from the land support fewer producers in the sea.

Water trapped behind the dam causes the marine ecosystem to move inland.

A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.

Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?

Biosphere

Community

Population

Ecosystem

The Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) lives in the Edwards Aquifer region around San Marcos. Along with other species the salamander lives in total darkness in the underground crevices and caves of the aquifer region. The table lists some of the organisms that live in this environment and their food sources.

In an energy pyramid for these aquifer cave dwellers, which of the following would be placed at the bottom?

Protozoa

Texas Blind Salamanders

Snails

Blind Shrimp

A student sets up a compost bin outdoors. Inside the bin microorganisms convert the student’s vegetable and paper scraps into rich fertilizer. Which of the following best describes the role that these microorganisms play in natural habitats?

The microorganisms help balance the numbers of producers and consumers.

The microorganisms turn solar energy into sugars.

The microorganisms help keep nutrients cycling through the ecosystem.

The microorganisms function as autotrophs.

The graph shows the basic changes in a forest community after a disturbance occurred.

The information shown in the graph suggests that the changes in the forest community were caused by —

succession after a fire

decreased species diversity

tree-leaf replacement after a storm

repeated habitat destruction

A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach itself to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark’s mouth as it feeds, the remora collects the scraps. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora’s adhesive disk are shown below.

The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of —

commensalism

parasitism

mutualism

predation

An estuary collects sediments from the ocean and rivers that feed into it. The sediments swirl around and then settle to form a mudflat. Eel grass is then established on the mudflat. The ecosystem changes over time and ultimately develops into a salt marsh that contains mangrove trees. Which of the following is likely NOT involved in this example of ecological succession?

The soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species

The roots from plants help stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place.

The concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.

The rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil.

This diagram demonstrates why the ocean is a large carbon sink.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause atmospheric temperatures to increase. Which statement explains how this could affect the ocean as a carbon sink?

Less carbon dioxide gas would be contained in the ocean because increasing precipitation would dilute the carbon entering the ocean.

Less carbon dioxide would be dissolved in the ocean because increasing atmospheric temperatures would cause ocean temperatures to increase.

Dissolved carbon dioxide gas in the ocean would increase because surface winds would cause a deeper circulation pattern, making more room for the gas.

Less atmospheric carbon dioxide would be available to phytoplankton.

The energy pyramid below shows the energy made available by producers.

Based on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

1,000 joules

50 joules

100 joules

500 joules

Roads are often built through forests for industrial purposes or as land is developed for residential and commercial needs. How would road construction through a forest most likely affect the ecosystem?

The number of primary consumers would increase.

All producers would be eliminated from the community.

Non-native species would replace native species.

The natural succession of vegetation would change.

37 Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box.

Which statements best describe these relationships?

Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism.
Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of predation.

Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism.
Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.

Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Which of the following gases is NOT considered a greenhouse gas?

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

Oxygen (O₂)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Methane (CH₄)

What is a possible consequence of an enhanced greenhouse effect?

Global cooling

More solar radiation reaching Earth

Decreased sea levels

Increased global temperatures

How does deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Forest loss increases albedo and cools the surface

Trees release methane when cut

It causes soil to emit more oxygen

Fewer trees mean less CO₂ is removed from the atmosphere

What is the greenhouse effect?

The trapping of heat in Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases

The reflection of sunlight by clouds

The process by which plants produce oxygen

The destruction of the ozone layer

Which of the following statements best explains why Earth's average temperature would be much colder without the natural greenhouse effect?

The Sun’s energy would be absorbed entirely by the oceans

Infrared radiation emitted by Earth would escape into space unimpeded

Earth's atmosphere would completely block sunlight

Carbon dioxide would become solid and fall to the ground

Which of the following is not a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Ocean acidification

Rising average global temperatures

Increased frequency of extreme weather events

Melting glaciers and polar ice

What role does the ocean play in moderating the greenhouse effect?

It absorbs both heat and carbon dioxide, helping regulate global temperature

It reflects infrared radiation directly into space

It increases atmospheric methane through wave action

It produces most of Earth’s fossil fuels

Examine the graph below

What is the dependent variable?

average temperature

temperature

years

land and sea surface

Examine the graph below

Which of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

They show no warming trend

They include the top 10 warmest years on record

They are cooler than the 1980s

They have annual anomalies below 1.0 °C

Examine the graph below

What is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

+1.0 °C

+0.7 °C

+2.0 °C

+1.5–1.6 °C

Examine the graph below

What conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

A decrease in human emissions is correlated with an increase in global temperatures

An increase in human emissions is the reason we have an increase in global temperatures

An increase in human emissions is correlated with an increase in global temperatures

A decrease in human emissions is the reason we have an increase in global temperatures

What is the main difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?

Presence of algae

Salt concentration

Amount of sunlight

Water temperature

What causes ocean acidification?

Decreased ocean temperatures

Overfishing

Increased salt in the ocean

Increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption by seawater

How does CO₂ lower the pH of ocean water?

It evaporates quickly

It decreases salt content

It forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater

It raises ocean temperature

What happens to the pH level of the ocean during acidification?

It increases 

It decreases

It stays the same

It fluctuates randomly

Which marine organisms are most directly affected by ocean acidification?

Plankton that live in freshwater

Fish that swim near the surface

Organisms that build shells or skeletons from calcium carbonate

Marine mammals

Which chemical compound is essential for shell-building marine life and is affected by acidification?

Calcium carbonate

Sodium chloride

Carbon dioxide

Magnesium sulfate

Examine the data table below.

How has atmospheric CO₂ changed from 1950 to 2020?

Decreased from 415 to 310 ppm

Increased from 310 to 450 ppm

Stayed constant at 370 ppm

Increased from 310 to 415 ppm

Examine the data table below.

What trend is shown by ocean surface pH between 1950 and 2020?

No change in pH

Increasing pH 

pH fluctuates randomly

Decreasing pH

Examine the data table below.

What is the projected ocean surface pH for 2060?

8.30

7.85

7.95

7.75

Examine the data table below.

What happens to shell-building organisms as aragonite saturation decreases?

They build shells more easily

Their population increases

They have difficulty forming shells and skeletons

They are unaffected

What role do zooxanthellae play in coral reefs?

They build coral skeletons directly

They provide corals with energy through photosynthesis

They increase ocean acidity

They protect corals from predators

What happens to corals when they lose their zooxanthellae?

They become more resistant to acidification

They undergo coral bleaching and lose their main energy source

They grow faster

They become more colorful

How does ocean acidification contribute to coral bleaching?

By increasing water temperature only

By decreasing sunlight penetration

By increasing carbonate ions

By causing corals to expel zooxanthellae due to stress

What kind of organisms are found at the base of aquatic food chains?

Phytoplankton

Whales

Large fish

Sharks

Examine the data table below.

Which aquatic ecosystem has the highest biodiversity according to the table?

Freshwater lake

A terrestrial food web is shown below.

Which of the following lists only organisms that are secondary consumers in this food web?

Insectivorous birds, seed-eating birds,  owls, and hawks

Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes

Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and  squirrels

Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and  foxes

Which of the following molecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

Protein/ amino acids

Sugar

Fats

DNA

The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that  act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon  and major carbon reservoirs.

Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

A reduction in the use of fossil fuels

Increases in marine biota

The destruction of terrestrial biota

A thickening of ocean sediments

The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Aswan High Dam contains the flow of  water from the river and reduces the annual fall flooding. The floodwater is trapped behind  the huge dam, allowing irrigation for agriculture. Sediments that would be washed away by  the annual floods are also trapped behind the dam. The graph shows the water flow from the  Nile that enters the Mediterranean Sea.

How has this dam most likely affected the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem?

The flooding in August through November causes marine life to be destroyed.

The water temperature of the sea has increased

Reduced nutrients from the land support fewer producers in the sea.

Water trapped behind the dam causes the marine ecosystem to move inland.

A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake  bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.

Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?

Biosphere

Community

Population

Ecosystem

The Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) lives in the Edwards Aquifer region  around San Marcos. Along with other species the salamander lives in total darkness in the  underground crevices and caves of the aquifer region. The table lists some of the organisms  that live in this environment and their food sources.

In an energy pyramid for these aquifer cave dwellers, which of the following would be placed  at the bottom?

Protozoa

Texas Blind Salamanders

Snails

Blind Shrimp

A student sets up a compost bin outdoors. Inside the bin microorganisms convert the  student’s vegetable and paper scraps into rich fertilizer. Which of the following best describes  the role that these microorganisms play in natural habitats? 

The microorganisms help balance the numbers of producers and consumers.

The microorganisms turn solar energy into sugars.

The microorganisms help keep nutrients cycling through the ecosystem.

The microorganisms function as autotrophs.

The graph shows the basic changes in a forest community after a disturbance occurred.

The information shown in the graph suggests that the changes in the forest community were  caused by —

succession after a fire

decreased species diversity

tree-leaf replacement after a storm

repeated habitat destruction

A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach itself  to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark’s mouth as it feeds, the remora  collects the scraps. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora’s adhesive disk  are shown below.

The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of —

commensalism

parasitism

mutualism

predation

An estuary collects sediments from the ocean and rivers that feed into it. The sediments swirl  around and then settle to form a mudflat. Eel grass is then established on the mudflat. The  ecosystem changes over time and ultimately develops into a salt marsh that contains  mangrove trees.  Which of the following is likely NOT involved in this example of ecological succession?

The soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species

The roots from plants help stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place.

The concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.

The rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil.

This diagram demonstrates why the ocean is a large carbon sink.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause atmospheric temperatures to increase. Which statement explains how this could affect the ocean as a carbon sink?

Less carbon dioxide gas would be contained in the ocean because increasing precipitation would dilute the carbon entering the ocean.

Less carbon dioxide would be dissolved in the ocean because increasing atmospheric temperatures would cause ocean temperatures to increase.

Dissolved carbon dioxide gas in the ocean would increase because surface winds would cause a deeper circulation pattern, making more room for the gas.

Less atmospheric carbon dioxide would be available to phytoplankton.

The energy pyramid below shows the energy made available by producers.

Based on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

1,000 joules

50 joules

100 joules

500 joules

Roads are often built through forests for industrial purposes or as land is developed for residential and commercial needs. How would road construction through a forest most likely affect the ecosystem?

The number of primary consumers would increase.

All producers would be eliminated from the community.

Non-native species would replace native species.

The natural succession of vegetation would change.

37 Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box.

Which statements best describe these relationships?

Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism.
Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of predation.

Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism.
Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.

Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Which of the following gases is NOT considered a greenhouse gas?

Nitrous oxide (N₂O)

Oxygen (O₂)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Methane (CH₄)

What is a possible consequence of an enhanced greenhouse effect?

Global cooling

More solar radiation reaching Earth

Decreased sea levels

Increased global temperatures

How does deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Forest loss increases albedo and cools the surface

Trees release methane when cut

It causes soil to emit more oxygen

Fewer trees mean less CO₂ is removed from the atmosphere

What is the greenhouse effect?

The trapping of heat in Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases

The reflection of sunlight by clouds

The process by which plants produce oxygen

The destruction of the ozone layer

Which of the following statements best explains why Earth's average temperature would be much colder without the natural greenhouse effect?

The Sun’s energy would be absorbed entirely by the oceans

Infrared radiation emitted by Earth would escape into space unimpeded

Earth's atmosphere would completely block sunlight

Carbon dioxide would become solid and fall to the ground

Which of the following is not a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Ocean acidification

Rising average global temperatures

Increased frequency of extreme weather events

Melting glaciers and polar ice

What role does the ocean play in moderating the greenhouse effect?

It absorbs both heat and carbon dioxide, helping regulate global temperature

It reflects infrared radiation directly into space

It increases atmospheric methane through wave action

It produces most of Earth’s fossil fuels

Examine the graph below

What is the dependent variable?

average temperature

temperature

years

land and sea surface

Examine the graph below

Which of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

They show no warming trend

They include the top 10 warmest years on record

They are cooler than the 1980s

They have annual anomalies below 1.0 °C

Examine the graph below

What is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

+1.0 °C

+0.7 °C

+2.0 °C

+1.5–1.6 °C

Examine the graph below

What conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

A decrease in human emissions is correlated with an increase in global temperatures

An increase in human emissions is the reason we have an increase in global temperatures

An increase in human emissions is correlated with an increase in global temperatures

A decrease in human emissions is the reason we have an increase in global temperatures

What is the main difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?

Presence of algae

Salt concentration

Amount of sunlight

Water temperature

What causes ocean acidification?

Decreased ocean temperatures

Overfishing

Increased salt in the ocean

Increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption by seawater

How does CO₂ lower the pH of ocean water?

It evaporates quickly

It decreases salt content

It forms carbonic acid when dissolved in seawater

It raises ocean temperature

What happens to the pH level of the ocean during acidification?

It increases 

It decreases

It stays the same

It fluctuates randomly

Which marine organisms are most directly affected by ocean acidification?

Plankton that live in freshwater

Fish that swim near the surface

Organisms that build shells or skeletons from calcium carbonate

Marine mammals

Which chemical compound is essential for shell-building marine life and is affected by acidification?

Calcium carbonate

Sodium chloride

Carbon dioxide

Magnesium sulfate

Examine the data table below.

How has atmospheric CO₂ changed from 1950 to 2020?

Decreased from 415 to 310 ppm

Increased from 310 to 450 ppm

Stayed constant at 370 ppm

Increased from 310 to 415 ppm

Examine the data table below.

What trend is shown by ocean surface pH between 1950 and 2020?

No change in pH

Increasing pH 

pH fluctuates randomly

Decreasing pH

Examine the data table below.

What is the projected ocean surface pH for 2060?

8.30

7.85

7.95

7.75

Examine the data table below.

What happens to shell-building organisms as aragonite saturation decreases?

They build shells more easily

Their population increases

They have difficulty forming shells and skeletons

They are unaffected

What role do zooxanthellae play in coral reefs?

They build coral skeletons directly

They provide corals with energy through photosynthesis

They increase ocean acidity

They protect corals from predators

What happens to corals when they lose their zooxanthellae?

They become more resistant to acidification

They undergo coral bleaching and lose their main energy source

They grow faster

They become more colorful

How does ocean acidification contribute to coral bleaching?

By increasing water temperature only

By decreasing sunlight penetration

By increasing carbonate ions

By causing corals to expel zooxanthellae due to stress

What kind of organisms are found at the base of aquatic food chains?

Phytoplankton

Whales

Large fish

Sharks

Examine the data table below.

Which aquatic ecosystem has the highest biodiversity according to the table?

Freshwater lake

Wetland

Coral reef

Deep ocean

Examine the data table below.

What is the effect of salinity on the biodiversity level?

An increase in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

There is no relationship

A decrease in salinity results in a decrease in biodiversity

An increase in salinity results in a decrease in biodiversity

A decrease in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

What is the primary cause of coral bleaching?

Overfishing

Pollution

Elevated sea surface temperatures

Ocean acidification

Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel which essential organism?

Sea anemones

Phytoplankton

Algae (zooxanthellae)

Zooplankton

Which gases contribute most to the greenhouse effect on Earth?

Nitrogen and oxygen

Water vapor and oxygen

Carbon dioxide and methane

Sulfur dioxide and ozone

Which human activities contribute to an increase in greenhouse gases?

Reforestation

Decreasing livestock farming

Using hydroelectric power

Burning fossil fuels

The table below shows the percentage of coral reefs affected by bleaching events in different regions over the past decade. Based on the data, which region experienced the highest average percentage of coral bleaching events?

Red Sea

Caribbean

Indo-Pacific

Great Barrier Reef

The graph below shows the sea surface temperatures (SST) in a coral reef ecosystem over the past decade.

Based on the graph, which conclusion about coral bleaching events is supported?

Coral bleaching events occur randomly regardless of sea surface temperatures.

There is no correlation between sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching events.

Coral bleaching events are more frequent when sea surface temperatures decrease.

Coral bleaching events are more frequent when sea surface temperatures exceed a certain threshold.

The relationship between coral and the essential organism, is an example of which symbiotic relationship?

Commensalism

Competition

Predation

Mutualism

In aquatic ecosystems, the photic zone is characterized by:

Low oxygen levels and deep-sea organisms.

High nutrient concentrations and algal blooms.

High light penetration and photosynthesis.

Complete darkness and extreme pressure.

In the aphotic zone of the ocean, autotrophs obtain energy to produce sugars from

Chemosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Protein synthesis

Cellular respiration

The graph below shows the trend of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past century. Based on the graph, which statement about carbon dioxide levels is most accurate?

CO2 levels have fluctuated but remained below pre-industrial levels.

CO2 levels have remained stable over the past century.

CO2 levels have decreased steadily over the past century.

 CO2 levels have increased steadily over the past century.

Using the graph below, what is the dependent variable?

Years

Mauna Loa observatory

ppm

Carbon dioxide concentration

Unit 2 Test on Greenhouse effect and aquatic ecosystems

Unit 2 Test on Greenhouse effect and aquatic ecosystems

A terrestrial food web is shown below.Which of the following lists only organisms that are secondary consumers in this food web?

Which of the following molecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs.Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?

A student sets up a compost bin outdoors. Inside the bin microorganisms convert the student’s vegetable and paper scraps into rich fertilizer. Which of the following best describes the role that these microorganisms play in natural habitats?

The graph shows the basic changes in a forest community after a disturbance occurred.The information shown in the graph suggests that the changes in the forest community were caused by —

This diagram demonstrates why the ocean is a large carbon sink.An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause atmospheric temperatures to increase. Which statement explains how this could affect the ocean as a carbon sink?

The energy pyramid below shows the energy made available by producers.Based on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

Roads are often built through forests for industrial purposes or as land is developed for residential and commercial needs. How would road construction through a forest most likely affect the ecosystem?

37 Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box.Which statements best describe these relationships?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

Which of the following gases is NOT considered a greenhouse gas?

What is a possible consequence of an enhanced greenhouse effect?

How does deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect?

How does deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect?

What is the greenhouse effect?

Which of the following statements best explains why Earth's average temperature would be much colder without the natural greenhouse effect?

Which of the following statements best explains why Earth's average temperature would be much colder without the natural greenhouse effect?

Which of the following is not a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Which of the following is not a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

What role does the ocean play in moderating the greenhouse effect?

What role does the ocean play in moderating the greenhouse effect?

Examine the graph belowWhat is the dependent variable?

Examine the graph belowWhich of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

Which of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

Examine the graph belowWhat is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

What is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

Examine the graph belowWhat conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

What conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

What is the main difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?

What is the main difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?

What causes ocean acidification?

What causes ocean acidification?

How does CO₂ lower the pH of ocean water?

How does CO₂ lower the pH of ocean water?

What happens to the pH level of the ocean during acidification?

What happens to the pH level of the ocean during acidification?

Which marine organisms are most directly affected by ocean acidification?

Which marine organisms are most directly affected by ocean acidification?

Which chemical compound is essential for shell-building marine life and is affected by acidification?

Which chemical compound is essential for shell-building marine life and is affected by acidification?

Examine the data table below.How has atmospheric CO₂ changed from 1950 to 2020?

Examine the data table below.What trend is shown by ocean surface pH between 1950 and 2020?

Examine the data table below.What is the projected ocean surface pH for 2060?

Examine the data table below.What happens to shell-building organisms as aragonite saturation decreases?

What role do zooxanthellae play in coral reefs?

What happens to corals when they lose their zooxanthellae?

How does ocean acidification contribute to coral bleaching?

What kind of organisms are found at the base of aquatic food chains?

Examine the data table below.Which aquatic ecosystem has the highest biodiversity according to the table?

How does deforestation contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Which of the following statements best explains why Earth's average temperature would be much colder without the natural greenhouse effect?

Which of the following is not a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect?

What role does the ocean play in moderating the greenhouse effect?

Which of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

What is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

What conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

What is the main difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems?

What causes ocean acidification?

How does CO₂ lower the pH of ocean water?

What happens to the pH level of the ocean during acidification?

Which marine organisms are most directly affected by ocean acidification?

Which chemical compound is essential for shell-building marine life and is affected by acidification?

A terrestrial food web is shown below.

Which of the following lists only organisms that are secondary consumers in this food web?

The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs.

Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.

Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?

The graph shows the basic changes in a forest community after a disturbance occurred.

The information shown in the graph suggests that the changes in the forest community were caused by —

This diagram demonstrates why the ocean is a large carbon sink.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause atmospheric temperatures to increase. Which statement explains how this could affect the ocean as a carbon sink?

The energy pyramid below shows the energy made available by producers.

Based on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

37 Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box.

Which statements best describe these relationships?

Examine the graph below

What is the dependent variable?

Examine the graph below

Which of these statements about the last 10 years (2015–2024) is correct?

Examine the graph below

What is the approximate global temperature anomaly in 2024 relative to the 1850–1900 pre‑industrial period?

Examine the graph below

What conclusion can be deduced from this graph?

Examine the data table below.

How has atmospheric CO₂ changed from 1950 to 2020?

Examine the data table below.

What trend is shown by ocean surface pH between 1950 and 2020?

Examine the data table below.

What is the projected ocean surface pH for 2060?

Examine the data table below.

What happens to shell-building organisms as aragonite saturation decreases?

Examine the data table below.

Which aquatic ecosystem has the highest biodiversity according to the table?