UNIT 7 DIRECT STUDY GUIDE - POLITICAL & GEOGRAPHIC CHANGES

promised equal protection for all, including poor and formerly enslaved people.

wanted to keep the national bank run by private bankers.

wanted to keep the federal government small.

promised to use federal funds to improve roads and build a national university.

The South lost economic power from protesting the tariffs and they wanted federal support.

The South had more manufacturing and more trade with Europe than the North.

The North sent more manufactured items to the South, who had to pay taxes on them.

The North had more manufacturing, but the South had more taxable trade with Europe.

The state refused to help pay for the construction of a road in Kentucky.

The state wanted Congress to replace existing tariffs with tariffs set by the Force Bill.

The state wanted to charge higher taxes on cotton sold to European customers.

The state considered high tariffs passed by Congress illegal and refused to pay them.

a much lower tariff

an independent federal treasury.

a new cabinet position

a new national bank

Harrison switching positions on policies

Tyler focusing on foreign relations

Tyler opposing many Whig policies

Harrison failing to work with Congress

Southerners gained a louder voice in objecting to high tariffs.

Southern states began nullifying, or refusing to obey, some federal laws.

Bureaucrats were fired and replaced with Jackson’s supporters.

Democrats used nominating conventions, rather than caucuses, to choose candidates.

move the Choctaw but allow the Cherokee to remain in Georgia.

send troops to establish a new Indian Territory.

seize all weapons from native peoples in Georgia.

pay Native Americans to relocate in the West.

some members of the Five Civilized Tribes already lived in the region.

few white settlers wanted to move to the area.

the fertile land would support farms owned by native peoples.

the Five Civilized Tribes expressed interest in the region.

the Cherokee

the Chickasaw

the Creek

the Choctaw

could be moved only if they were paid fairly for their land.

removal was legal only if the government provided food for the long journey.

are a separate community and not subject to the laws of Georgia.

were not citizens and therefore no treaties with them were binding.

He supported the ruling and paid the Cherokee reparations.

He disagreed with the ruling and made a compromise treaty with all Cherokee leaders.

He ignored the ruling and immediately forced the Cherokee people to relocate through a treaty

He supported the ruling but allowed settlers to push the Cherokee people off their own land.

They joined with Black Seminoles to attack white settlements in Florida.

They agreed to sell their land and move to Indian Territory.

They lost their land and were forced to travel on the Trail of Tears.

They turned to the U.S. Supreme Court to defend their claims to their land.

that Native Americans should be removed from their lands

that some land where Native Americans currently reside should be set aside for them

that the U.S. government should honor its treaties with Native Americans

that further white settlement into native lands should be halted

He believes this is the only way for the Native American population to survive.

He wants to preserve the natural resources on native land.

He hopes Native Americans and white settlers can both occupy the land.

He thinks white settlers are more entitled to the land than native peoples.

It removed all Cherokee voting rights.

It required the Cherokee to give up their lands.

It stripped the Cherokee of U.S. citizenship.

It forced the Cherokee into labor camps.

Some Cherokee will die on the march.

The Cherokee will be settled.

The Cherokee will cease to exist.

Cherokee will attack white settlements.

The Whitmans offered medical care to the Cayuse, but they could not treat measles.

The Whitmans unknowingly exposed the Cayuse to measles, killing many Cayuse children.

The Whitmans were the first settlers in the area, taking Cayuse land.

The Whitmans wanted to convert the Cayuse to Christianity, angering the Cayuse.

escape the economic troubles in the East.

convert the Native Americans to Christianity.

practice their religion without fear of persecution.

reject the treatment of enslaved people in the South.

The United States had the right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

European nations would no longer be allowed to interfere in the Americas.

Slavery should be restricted to states south of the Mason-Dixon Line.

Native Americans had an equal claim to lands acquired in the Adams-Onís Treaty.

establishing trading posts in Oregon Country.

trading furs with Native Americans and adopting some of their ways.

creating routes and guiding settlers to the West.

preventing over trapping of beaver and other animals.

religious leaders

bankers and manufacturers

cotton and tobacco planters

cattle ranchers

Florida was entering as a slave state so they had to wait until a free state could also join.

Florida was entering as a free state so they had to wait until a slave state could also join.

Congress was unsure that Spain would abandon its claims to the Florida Territory.

Florida citizens could not agree on a constitution, which was required for statehood.

encouraging American settlement

closing its borders to American settlers

allowing the U.S. to annex Texas

selling Texas to the United States

Mexico opposed Catholicism, which most settlers practiced.

Most settlers supported slavery, which was illegal in Mexico.

Tejanos outnumbered American settlers, who felt threatened by the Tejanos.

Most settlers opposed slavery, which was legal in Mexico.

from the Eastern states to Kentucky and Tennessee.

from the Southern states to Texas.

from Independence, Missouri, to the New Mexico Territory.

from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon Country.

lied to Congress, claiming that Mexico had attacked U.S. troops on American soil.

refused to accept censure, or reprimand, from Congress before the war started.

ordered General Taylor to blockade the Santa Fe Trail, cutting off key supply routes to Mexico.

persuaded Mexico to sign a treaty stating that the Rio Grande formed the border of Texas.

extended the western border of the United States to the Pacific coast.

forced Native Americans in the West to sell lands to American settlers.

resolved the question of whether western states would allow slavery.

gave the United States complete control of the Oregon Country.

It gave the United States control of the Bear Flag Republic.

It created a territory in the West for free African American settlement.

It changed the borders of Arizona and New Mexico.

It nearly doubled the size of the United States.

not celebrating holidays

simple food and entertainment

Native American attacks

accidents on the journey

The benefits of migrating west outweigh the difficulties of the journey.

Compared to people living in Eastern cities, pioneers have an easier life.

It is the duty of all Americans to support westward expansion.

White settlers and native peoples should share western lands equally.

It was a comfortable journey

They arrived in Oregon in summer

They were exposed to extreme weather

Disease was widespread

Her suffering was so extreme that she could not describe it properly.

There was not much writing paper available for her to record her thoughts.

She had only a short amount of time to record an entry in her journal.

She did not have enough education to read or write well.

it cost forty-nine dollars for a miner to purchase a land claim.

the population of San Francisco increased to 49,000 almost overnight.

California had recently become the Union’s forty-ninth state.

large numbers of people migrated to California in 1849 to find gold.

miners

farmers

merchants

vigilantes

Californios were respected and enjoyed high status in most camps.

Women established societies, and children attended schools in the camps.

Legal authorities maintained a high level of safety in the camps.

Violence and alcohol abuse were common in mining camps.

moved on to other mining rushes.

stayed to farm or run businesses.

returned to their homes in the East.

found enough gold to live comfortably.

Utah’s rich farmland and good soil would provide enough crops to become self-sufficient.

They had been prevented from owning property in the United States and knew that Utah was part of Mexico at the time.

Utah was a refuge from persecution and a place to practice their religion freely.

They believed that the coming kingdom on Earth would be established in Utah.

Mormon miners traveled to California in search of gold and returned with their wealth.

Mormon missionaries converted California-bound miners, who then stayed to work in Utah.

Mormon communities welcomed refugees from California boomtowns that were lawless

Mormon merchants sold supplies to people passing through Utah to California.

California cities flourished

Few women migrated to California

Demand for goods and services was low

Boomtowns were violent places

brought a large group of Asian immigrants to the United States.

forced many California merchants to go out of business.

was a local phenomenon with little impact elsewhere in the United States.

strengthened the economic and political position of Californios.

Prospectors were wealthy and could pay inflated prices for goods.

Prospectors needed these tools to search for and process gold.

Prospectors used these tools to build houses for their families.

Prospectors carried these items to protect themselves in lawless boomtowns.

The only way to get rich in a mining town was to find an unclaimed lode of gold.

Miners could easily afford the tools and provisions they needed to prospect for gold.

Businesses could charge more for goods in mining towns than they could charge in the East.

Most forty-niners brought their own tools and supplies with them.

support the call for a new national bank that would stabilize currency.

become missionaries to Native American peoples in the territories.

vote to end the power of the Whig Party in Congress.

endure the risks of the Oregon Trail to reach fertile farmland and new opportunity.

the deaths of thousands of Cherokee people in camps and along the Trail of Tears.

the signing of the Treaty of New Echota, which gave Cherokee lands to the United States.

the decision of the Choctaw to fight for their lands in court.

the end of the Second Seminole War in Florida, forcing the Seminole to flee to the forests.

Florida residents agreed to make slavery illegal.

the United States won a brutal war with Spain to capture the region

Iowa emerged as a free-state candidate for admission.

the native Seminole had been relocated to Indian Territory.

It ended America’s war with Mexico when U.S. troops overran the Alamo and defeated Santa Anna’s army.

The lengthy siege allowed Texas time to gather troops and supplies to continue their fight for independence.

Mexico’s attack on U.S. soldiers at the Alamo was the event that began America’s war with Mexico.

The heroism of Mexican troops during the siege inspired many Mexicans to join Santa Anna’s army.

Gold was discovered in central California

Mormons moved to the region to escape religious persecution.

The fertile land in California was inexpensive and abundant.

Thousands of Native Americans from the Southeast were relocated there.

The bank favored wealthy Easterners and limited western growth.

The bank was the best place to hold the funds of the federal government.

The bank was essential to the economic growth of the nation.

The bank should not support states where slavery was allowed.

granite

fish

furs

timber

Creek

Choctaw

Cherokee

Seminole