Final Exam

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Food sources

Nutrients from the soil

X: mutualism  Y: parasitism  Z: commensalism

X: parasitism  Y: commensalism  Z: mutualism

X: commensalism  Y: mutualism  Z: parasitism

Increased production of acid rain will poison some aquatic ecosystems.

Decreased energy to drive atmospheric water cycles will result in more predictable weather patterns.

More frequent and severe droughts, floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes will destroy ecosystems.

The bacteria population is exhibiting logistic growth.

The size of the flask is the limiting factor that will determine carrying capacity.

The carrying capacity for this population is about 1,000.

Rainfall raised temperatures above survivable levels for mosquitoes.

Flooding increased predation and disrupted ideal breeding habitats.

Excess water diluted the mosquito larvae and made reproduction impossible.

All non-native species eventually become extinct

Some non-native species provide no ecological function

Species A is a keystone species in this ecosystem.

The two populations have similar sets of limiting factors.

1250 kcal

125 kcal

12,500 kcal

Mold will grow less in cold temperatures

What temperature is best for growing mold on a loaf of bread?

Bird species change over time

The effect of protection on the population of bird species

As the number of leaves removed increases, the transpiration rate decreases

As the number of leaves removed increases, the transpiration rate increases

Transpiration rate increases when there are more leaves removed

The organism must have an arrow pointing to it from a producer and another arrow  pointing to it from a primary consumer.

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a primary consumer and another  arrow pointing away from it to a decomposer

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a secondary consumer and  another arrow pointing to it from the top predator.

Nitrobacter

Fish

Plants

carbon

phosphorus

nitrogen

nitrogen

phosphorus

carbon

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Phosphorus

Carbon

Nitrogen

B

C

A

C

B

A

combustion

photosynthesis

Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes

Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and  squirrels

Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and  foxes

DNA

Sugar

Fats

Snails

Protozoa

Dissolved carbon dioxide gas in the ocean would increase because surface winds would cause a deeper circulation pattern, making more room for the gas.

Less carbon dioxide gas would be contained in the ocean because increasing precipitation would dilute the carbon entering the ocean.

Less atmospheric carbon dioxide would be available to phytoplankton.

Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism.
Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of predation.

Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism.
Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Oxygen (O₂)

Methane (CH₄)

It decreases

It increases 

It stays the same

Increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption by seawater

Increased salt in the ocean

An increase in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

There is no relationship

A decrease in salinity results in a decrease in biodiversity

A decrease in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

There is no correlation between sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching events.

Coral bleaching events are more frequent when sea surface temperatures decrease.

Grass

Lichen

Trees

recycling

equilibrium

X: Adaptation  Y: Decomposition

X: Respiration  Y: Predation

X: Fermentation  Y: Nitrogen fixation

III, I, II, IV

I, II, IV, III

First colonizers in barren environments.

First species to go extinct.

Species that live in wet conditions.

Succession in areas with existing vegetation.

A rapid change in climate conditions.

Succession after a minor disturbance.

Grasslands developing after farmland is abandoned.

Wetlands forming from a receding glacier.

A forest regrowing after a fire.

Slower rabbits will develop stronger legs and pass this trait to their offspring.

The rabbits will mutate their genes and express genes that increase their speed.

More sugars and starches would be available for animals in the area.

Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere in the area by plants.

The availability of fossil fuels for use by industries in the area would be reduced.

Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river

Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution runoff into the river

Ants and grasshoppers

Grasses and ants

Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Competition: stinkbugs and geometrid moths, Commensalism: guava and eucalyptus trees

Competition: stinkbugs, Parasitism: geometrid moths

Competition: geometrid moths, Commensalism: stinkbugs, Mutualism: guava and eucalyptus trees

Biomagnification

Succession

Crickets and sparrows

Rabbits and mice

Toads and spiders

4,000 parts per million

40,000 parts per million

400,000 parts per million

Food sources

Nutrients from the soil

X: mutualism  Y: parasitism  Z: commensalism

X: parasitism  Y: commensalism  Z: mutualism

X: commensalism  Y: mutualism  Z: parasitism

Increased production of acid rain will poison some aquatic ecosystems.

Decreased energy to drive atmospheric water cycles will result in more predictable weather patterns.

More frequent and severe droughts, floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes will destroy ecosystems.

The bacteria population is exhibiting logistic growth.

The size of the flask is the limiting factor that will determine carrying capacity.

The carrying capacity for this population is about 1,000.

Rainfall raised temperatures above survivable levels for mosquitoes.

Flooding increased predation and disrupted ideal breeding habitats.

Excess water diluted the mosquito larvae and made reproduction impossible.

All non-native species eventually become extinct

Some non-native species provide no ecological function

Species A is a keystone species in this ecosystem.

The two populations have similar sets of limiting factors.

1250 kcal

125 kcal

12,500 kcal

Mold will grow less in cold temperatures

What temperature is best for growing mold on a loaf of bread?

Bird species change over time

The effect of protection on the population of bird species

As the number of leaves removed increases, the transpiration rate decreases

As the number of leaves removed increases, the transpiration rate increases

Transpiration rate increases when there are more leaves removed

The organism must have an arrow pointing to it from a producer and another arrow  pointing to it from a primary consumer.

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a primary consumer and another  arrow pointing away from it to a decomposer

The organism must have an arrow pointing from it to a secondary consumer and  another arrow pointing to it from the top predator.

Nitrobacter

Fish

Plants

carbon

phosphorus

nitrogen

nitrogen

phosphorus

carbon

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Phosphorus

Carbon

Nitrogen

B

C

A

C

B

A

combustion

photosynthesis

Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes

Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and  squirrels

Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and  foxes

DNA

Sugar

Fats

Snails

Protozoa

Dissolved carbon dioxide gas in the ocean would increase because surface winds would cause a deeper circulation pattern, making more room for the gas.

Less carbon dioxide gas would be contained in the ocean because increasing precipitation would dilute the carbon entering the ocean.

Less atmospheric carbon dioxide would be available to phytoplankton.

Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism.
Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of predation.

Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism.
Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Oxygen (O₂)

Methane (CH₄)

It decreases

It increases 

It stays the same

Increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption by seawater

Increased salt in the ocean

An increase in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

There is no relationship

A decrease in salinity results in a decrease in biodiversity

A decrease in salinity results in an increase in biodiversity

There is no correlation between sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching events.

Coral bleaching events are more frequent when sea surface temperatures decrease.

Grass

Lichen

Trees

recycling

equilibrium

X: Adaptation  Y: Decomposition

X: Respiration  Y: Predation

X: Fermentation  Y: Nitrogen fixation

III, I, II, IV

I, II, IV, III

First colonizers in barren environments.

First species to go extinct.

Species that live in wet conditions.

Succession in areas with existing vegetation.

A rapid change in climate conditions.

Succession after a minor disturbance.

Grasslands developing after farmland is abandoned.

Wetlands forming from a receding glacier.

A forest regrowing after a fire.

Slower rabbits will develop stronger legs and pass this trait to their offspring.

The rabbits will mutate their genes and express genes that increase their speed.

More sugars and starches would be available for animals in the area.

Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere in the area by plants.

The availability of fossil fuels for use by industries in the area would be reduced.

Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river

Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution runoff into the river

Ants and grasshoppers

Grasses and ants

Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Competition: stinkbugs and geometrid moths, Commensalism: guava and eucalyptus trees

Competition: stinkbugs, Parasitism: geometrid moths

Competition: geometrid moths, Commensalism: stinkbugs, Mutualism: guava and eucalyptus trees

Biomagnification

Succession

Crickets and sparrows

Rabbits and mice

Toads and spiders

4,000 parts per million

40,000 parts per million

400,000 parts per million