UNIT 8 DIRECT STUDY GUIDE - LIFE IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH

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mines

textile factories

agriculture

builders made canals wider and deeper to allow more steamboat transportation.

the federal government financed a hug highway development project.

New territories in the midwestern United States were opened to commercial agriculture.

Travel throughout the United States became much safer than it had been in the past.

The population of eastern cities began to decline as people used railroads to move west.

widening and deepening of canals

development of steamboats

sleek hulls and tall sails of clipper ships

Farmers and manufacturers could move goods more quickly and cheaply.

Cotton production and demand for slave labor increased tremendously.

Orders for consumer goods could easily be sent from one part of the country to another.

Transportation construction had become the leading industry in the North.

Agriculture in the North was growing, but industry was growing even more rapidly.

Technological innovations made farming easier, leading industrial workers to move to rural areas.

Trade unions were strong with many members.

Factory work was often hard, physical work under safe conditions.

Children in factories often worked 6 days a week, for 12 hours or more each day.

earn living wages, defined as enough money to pay for food and shelter.

receive additional wages if they were supporting children.

work a 10-hour day and have 2 days off each week.

work to strengthen their communities and support the cause of abolition.

attend most public schools and vote in elections.

seek financial repayment for the years they worked in slavery.

improving factory working conditions for women.

electing women to unions, which could advocate for better pay for workers.

supporting the expansion of voting rights for women.

the guarantee of cheap farmland in the West

the need for more workers in growing factories

economic and political problems in European nations

weakening labor unions in U.S. factories

increasing famine in U.S. cities

bringing the potato blight to infect U.S. crops

Female factory workers in the mid-1800s worked shorter hours than male workers.

Factory workers in the mid-1800s were paid very low wages.

Factory workers in the mid-1800s were expected to work very long hours.

suffrage movement

abolition movement

temperance movement

child labor reform

immigration

voting rights

Europeans who settle in the United States are of low quality with no interest in assimilating.

Europeans bring new ideas to the United States, which will strengthen democracy.

Europeans who settle in the United States contribute to the great diversity of the nation.

It improved the soil to grow cotton.

It reduced the time needed to plant cotton seeds.

It improved the process of weaving cotton into cloth.

lumber

cotton and rice

hemp and wheat

a large amount of capital was available to construct factories in the South.

most wealthy Southerners reinvested their money in agriculture rather than in industry.

many people in the North left manufacturing and began growing cotton instead.

raw cotton from the South

wheat and corn from the Midwest

gold and silver from the West

oil drilling.

furniture making

shipbuilding

natural waterways

rural roads

railroads

yeomen

plantation owners

tenant farmers

the plantation’s fixed costs

the price of cotton

the productivity of enslaved people on the plantation

spirituals

call-and-response songs

field hollers

to force enslaved people to marry partners chosen by plantation owners

to prevent the importation of enslaved people to the United States

to establish white peoples' control over every aspect of the lives of enslaved people

working slowly

running away

stealing tools

paved roads

canals

railroads

the ways people tried to justify slavery by referring to religion.

the harsh and unjust ways enslaved people were routinely treated.

the attempts slaveholders made to maintain good relationships with enslaved people.

Douglass’s feelings toward slaveholders softened a bit.

Douglass became more rebellious because of how Covey treated him.

Covey taught Douglass the importance of being a hard worker.

Enslaved people typically lived in their own settlements near the plantation.

Enslaved families could be, and often were, separated by slaveholders.

Enslaved people had no opportunity to develop their own unique culture.

hate everyone who lived in the South.

afraid to risk escaping enslavement.

reluctant to marry William.

Abolitionists traveled to spread their ideas about freedom for all people

Reformers worked to improve and expand access to education.

Settlers on the frontier practiced their religion in an energetic new manner.

He believed that education was a key to economic opportunity for all people.

He wanted to open higher education to women and African Americans.

He wanted to train teachers to teach people with disabilities.

impaired hearing or vision

developmental delays

motion disorders

She advocated for higher wages for prison guards and argued for better training.

She told people that prison conditions were inhumane and some prisoners were mentally ill.

She gave lectures on the need to reform the American criminal justice system.

abolitionist movement

prison reform

the temperance movement

inspire women to run for election to local political offices.

publicly recognize the civil rights needs of African Americans.

call for a new revolutionary struggle and a new U.S. Constitution.

chaos & poverty

wealth & opportunity

vitality & strength

feels that Americans are spiritually connected to all living things in every part of the world.

hopes that immigrants may assimilate completely into the American experience.

identifies strongly as an American because his ancestors were born in the United States.

She wanted to show how harsh and evil the practice of slavery was.

She wanted to discourage growing abolitionist sentiments in the North.

She wanted to show how disobedient some enslaved people could be.

The novel shamed Southern governments into passing laws against separating enslaved families

The novel caused Northerners to support states’ rights to practice slavery.

The novel shocked Southerners who had not realized how cruel the practice of slavery was

Which method(s) of transportation helped to open the Midwest to settlement?

steel-tipped plows

railroads

clipper ships

Cyrus McCormick

Elias Howe

John Deere

Their parents often oversaw their education because they worked alongside them.

Many worked long hours in factories instead of going to school.

Many learned how to be more productive when doing chores at home.

were often prevented from sending their children to public schools.

experienced discrimination that blocked where they could live.

could not escape living in poverty.

became less profitable for planters because labor costs increased.

declined quickly because of the fixed high cost of machinery.

began to spread to the Midwest and New England as well as the South.

Northern factories began employing women and children.

Many Americans vowed to live more moral and spiritual lives.

Groups formed to advocate for the prohibition of alcohol.

school teacher

shopkeeper

physician

needed written permission from the slaveholder to leave the plantation where they worked.

could be separated from their children when they were sold to another plantation.

received only some of their pay given to white plantation workers.

mines

textile factories

agriculture

builders made canals wider and deeper to allow more steamboat transportation.

the federal government financed a hug highway development project.

New territories in the midwestern United States were opened to commercial agriculture.

Travel throughout the United States became much safer than it had been in the past.

The population of eastern cities began to decline as people used railroads to move west.

widening and deepening of canals

development of steamboats

sleek hulls and tall sails of clipper ships

Farmers and manufacturers could move goods more quickly and cheaply.

Cotton production and demand for slave labor increased tremendously.

Orders for consumer goods could easily be sent from one part of the country to another.

Transportation construction had become the leading industry in the North.

Agriculture in the North was growing, but industry was growing even more rapidly.

Technological innovations made farming easier, leading industrial workers to move to rural areas.

Trade unions were strong with many members.

Factory work was often hard, physical work under safe conditions.

Children in factories often worked 6 days a week, for 12 hours or more each day.

earn living wages, defined as enough money to pay for food and shelter.

receive additional wages if they were supporting children.

work a 10-hour day and have 2 days off each week.

work to strengthen their communities and support the cause of abolition.

attend most public schools and vote in elections.

seek financial repayment for the years they worked in slavery.

improving factory working conditions for women.

electing women to unions, which could advocate for better pay for workers.

supporting the expansion of voting rights for women.

the guarantee of cheap farmland in the West

the need for more workers in growing factories

economic and political problems in European nations

weakening labor unions in U.S. factories

increasing famine in U.S. cities

bringing the potato blight to infect U.S. crops

Female factory workers in the mid-1800s worked shorter hours than male workers.

Factory workers in the mid-1800s were paid very low wages.

Factory workers in the mid-1800s were expected to work very long hours.

suffrage movement

abolition movement

temperance movement

child labor reform

immigration

voting rights

Europeans who settle in the United States are of low quality with no interest in assimilating.

Europeans bring new ideas to the United States, which will strengthen democracy.

Europeans who settle in the United States contribute to the great diversity of the nation.

It improved the soil to grow cotton.

It reduced the time needed to plant cotton seeds.

It improved the process of weaving cotton into cloth.

lumber

cotton and rice

hemp and wheat

a large amount of capital was available to construct factories in the South.

most wealthy Southerners reinvested their money in agriculture rather than in industry.

many people in the North left manufacturing and began growing cotton instead.

raw cotton from the South

wheat and corn from the Midwest

gold and silver from the West

oil drilling.

furniture making

shipbuilding

natural waterways

rural roads

railroads

yeomen

plantation owners

tenant farmers

the plantation’s fixed costs

the price of cotton

the productivity of enslaved people on the plantation

spirituals

call-and-response songs

field hollers

to force enslaved people to marry partners chosen by plantation owners

to prevent the importation of enslaved people to the United States

to establish white peoples' control over every aspect of the lives of enslaved people

working slowly

running away

stealing tools

paved roads

canals

railroads

the ways people tried to justify slavery by referring to religion.

the harsh and unjust ways enslaved people were routinely treated.

the attempts slaveholders made to maintain good relationships with enslaved people.

Douglass’s feelings toward slaveholders softened a bit.

Douglass became more rebellious because of how Covey treated him.

Covey taught Douglass the importance of being a hard worker.

Enslaved people typically lived in their own settlements near the plantation.

Enslaved families could be, and often were, separated by slaveholders.

Enslaved people had no opportunity to develop their own unique culture.

hate everyone who lived in the South.

afraid to risk escaping enslavement.

reluctant to marry William.

Abolitionists traveled to spread their ideas about freedom for all people

Reformers worked to improve and expand access to education.

Settlers on the frontier practiced their religion in an energetic new manner.

He believed that education was a key to economic opportunity for all people.

He wanted to open higher education to women and African Americans.

He wanted to train teachers to teach people with disabilities.

impaired hearing or vision

developmental delays

motion disorders

She advocated for higher wages for prison guards and argued for better training.

She told people that prison conditions were inhumane and some prisoners were mentally ill.

She gave lectures on the need to reform the American criminal justice system.

abolitionist movement

prison reform

the temperance movement

inspire women to run for election to local political offices.

publicly recognize the civil rights needs of African Americans.

call for a new revolutionary struggle and a new U.S. Constitution.

chaos & poverty

wealth & opportunity

vitality & strength

feels that Americans are spiritually connected to all living things in every part of the world.

hopes that immigrants may assimilate completely into the American experience.

identifies strongly as an American because his ancestors were born in the United States.

She wanted to show how harsh and evil the practice of slavery was.

She wanted to discourage growing abolitionist sentiments in the North.

She wanted to show how disobedient some enslaved people could be.

The novel shamed Southern governments into passing laws against separating enslaved families

The novel caused Northerners to support states’ rights to practice slavery.

The novel shocked Southerners who had not realized how cruel the practice of slavery was

Which method(s) of transportation helped to open the Midwest to settlement?

steel-tipped plows

railroads

clipper ships

Cyrus McCormick

Elias Howe

John Deere

Their parents often oversaw their education because they worked alongside them.

Many worked long hours in factories instead of going to school.

Many learned how to be more productive when doing chores at home.

were often prevented from sending their children to public schools.

experienced discrimination that blocked where they could live.

could not escape living in poverty.

became less profitable for planters because labor costs increased.

declined quickly because of the fixed high cost of machinery.

began to spread to the Midwest and New England as well as the South.

Northern factories began employing women and children.

Many Americans vowed to live more moral and spiritual lives.

Groups formed to advocate for the prohibition of alcohol.

school teacher

shopkeeper

physician

needed written permission from the slaveholder to leave the plantation where they worked.

could be separated from their children when they were sold to another plantation.

received only some of their pay given to white plantation workers.