Version B Honors Biology BM5 Matter & Energy Transformation in Ecosystems
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18 questions
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HS-LS2a/b-1,4, CCC: Scale, Proportion, and Quantity/Energy and Matter
Multiple Choice (3 points each)
HS-LS2a/b-1,4, CCC: Scale, Proportion, and Quantity/Energy and Matter
Multiple Choice (3 points each)
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Question 2
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Question 7
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PE Question (energy and matter)
Information: On a barren mid-Atlantic island, a small community of organisms has established itself. The primary producers are a species of cactus and seaweed. These plants provide the foundation for the island's food web.
Producers: Cactus (on the island) and seaweed (in the surrounding ocean).
Herbivores: Moths that feed on cast-off feathers and a beetle that feeds on dung.
Carnivores: Booby and noddy seabirds that eat fish from the surrounding waters; a tick that feeds on the birds; and spiders that eat the moths and beetles.
Decomposers: Fungi that break down dead organic material, including the birds' dung.
a. Modeling the Ecosystem (4 points)
Construct a detailed food web that illustrates the flow of energy through this ecosystem. In your model, label each organism with its correct trophic level (e.g., producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer).
b. Explaining Energy Transfer (6 points)
Explain, in detail, why only a fraction of the energy from one trophic level is available to the next. Describe at least three specific ways that energy is lost from the food web between trophic levels.
Question 17
17.
CCC: Scale, Proportion, Quantity (worth 4 pts)
Information: A forest fire recently devastated a 50-acre section of land, leaving behind a barren landscape of ash and exposed soil. Over the next few years, this area underwent secondary succession, transitioning into a prairie ecosystem. This new habitat is adjacent to an existing prairie where a population of Franklin's ground squirrels resides. These ground squirrels are a specialist species that depends on prairie habitats for food and shelter.
a. The Impact on Carrying Capacity (2 points)
Explain how the new prairie habitat will affect the carrying capacity for the Franklin's ground squirrel population. In your answer, define carrying capacity and identify the key limiting factors that will change and allow the population to grow.
b. Reaching a New Equilibrium (2 points)
Describe the process by which the ground squirrel population will grow and eventually stabilize. In your explanation, use the terms exponential growth, and logistic growth to describe how the population will eventually reach the new carrying capacity.
Question 18
18.
CER: Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (worth 15 pts)
Information: The graph below displays population data for snowshoe hares and lynx from a region in Canada over a 90-year period. The snowshoe hare is a herbivore and is the primary food source for the lynx, a carnivore.
Question: Based on the data in the graph, which population—the predator (lynx) or the prey (hare)—is the primary driving force behind the cyclical relationship?
a. Claim (2 points)Make a claim by stating which population is the primary driver. You may also argue that they are equally interdependent.
b. Evidence (4 points)Provide two specific pieces of evidence from the graph to support your claim. Your evidence must include an analysis of the timing of the population peaks and troughs for both species.
c. Reasoning (4 points)Explain the ecological principles that connect your evidence to your claim. If you claimed one population is the primary driver, explain the biological mechanism by which it controls the other population. If you claimed interdependence, explain how both populations influence each other.
See the rubric to ensure you get the greatest amount of points for your answer.
How much energy is available to the organisms in level C?
90 percent of the energy in level B
all of the energy in level A plus the energy in level B
all of the energy in level A minus the energy in level B
10 percent of the energy in level B
Carrying capacity, the maximum population size an environment can sustain, ______________________________.
is always constant for a given species within a specific ecosystem.
is primarily influenced by the number of predators in the environment.
is often determined by energy limitation factors, such as the amount of producers.
is a measure of the total biomass of all organisms in an ecosystem.
A population of rabbits is introduced to a new island with abundant resources. According to the logistic growth model, which of the following statements is not true?
The population's per capita growth rate will be highest when the population is very small.
It is represented by an S-shaped curve when graphed over time.
The population will exhibit exponential growth then abruptly stop at the island's carrying capacity.
The population size will eventually stabilize as it reaches the carrying capacity.
An insect that has evolved to resemble a plant twig will probably be able to avoid
parasitism.
predation.
competition.
symbiosis.
A grassland ecosystem is home to a stable population of field mice, which are a food source for snakes and hawks. If a new species of predator, the wild dog, is introduced to this ecosystem, what is the most probable immediate consequence for the existing predators?
The wild dogs will primarily prey on the snakes and hawks, leading to a decrease in their populations.
All three predator populations will increase simultaneously due to the initial abundance of field mice.
The snakes and hawks will face increased competition for the field mice, which could negatively impact their populations.
The snakes and hawks will benefit from the addition of a new predator, as it will help control the mouse population more effectively.
A biology student takes fish, algae, pond plants, invertebrates, and bottom sediment from a local pond and establishes them in an aquarium. When the system is stable, the student seals it into a large, airtight glass box and leaves the box in a sunny location. After 3 months, the organisms in the aquarium appear alive and healthy. Which statement about the experiment is true?
During the 3 months, the biomass of animal life was greater than the biomass of plant life.
No energy has entered or left the glass box during the 3 months.
Some of the energy in the system has moved from one organism to another during the 3 months.
The air in the glass box contains no carbon dioxide.
According to this graph of the population growth of fur seals, in what year did the population first reach its carrying capacity?
1940
1925
1930
1950
A newly discovered bacterial species is introduced into a nutrient-rich culture with unlimited space and no predators. The population of this species would most likely experience:
a gradual decline as the resources become depleted.
a period of logistic growth until it reaches carrying capacity.
a stable population size due to density-dependent factors.
a period of exponential growth, increasing at an accelerating rate.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the logistic growth model?
The population experiences unlimited, exponential growth.
The per capita growth rate is highest at the carrying capacity.
The overall population growth rate is independent of the population size.
The population growth slows down as the population approaches carrying capacity.
Which of the following factors would NOT cause a population size to decrease?
Increase in the number of predators
An exponentially growing population outgrowing its food supply and crashing
Poor weather, resulting in less food being available
Increased birth rate
Which of the following would be a limiting factor for growth of a population of downy woodpeckers living in the Ozark Mountains of southwestern Missouri?
lack of black rat snakes that feed on young woodpeckers living in this area
the presence of West Nile virus in this region, which has been known to kill a wide variety of birds, including downy woodpeckers
limiting insecticide use in the area to control mosquito populations (the food source of downy woodpeckers)
introduction of individuals of the same species from other areas
If an ecosystem has a carrying capacity of 1,000 individuals for a given species and 2,000 individuals of that species are present, we can predict that the population
size will remain at equilibrium
will show a clumped dispersion pattern.
size will decrease.
size will slowly increase.
Which of the following populations probably exhibits exponential growth?
a protozoan population grown in a sealed glass culture flask
a fruit fly population that recently arrived on a lush mid-oceanic island previously inhabited only by plants
a population of deer in an area with few palatable food plants
a mature redwood tree population in a forest
Consider this segment of a food web: Snails and grasshoppers eat pepper plants, spiders eat grasshoppers, shrews eat snails and spiders, owls eat shrews. The shrew occupies the trophic level(s) of __________.
a secondary consumer only
primary and secondary consumers
secondary and tertiary consumers
a primary consumer
According to this graph of population growth in Mexico, in what year was the rate of population increase in Mexico the greatest?