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C2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter

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Last updated 4 months ago
166 questions
4.2.1.1 Chemical Bonds
4
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2 Ionic Bonding
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4.2.1.2
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4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3 Ionic Compounds
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4.2.1.3
4.2.1.4 Covalent Bonding
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4.2.1.3
4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.2
4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.2
4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.2
4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.4
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4.2.1.5 Metallic Bonding
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4.2.1.5
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4.2.1.5
4.2.2.1 The Three states of Matter
2
4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.1
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4.2.2.2 State Symbols
1
4.2.2.2
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4.1.2.6
4.2.2.2
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4.1.2.5
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3 Properties of Ionic Compounds
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4.2.2.3
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4.2.2.3
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4.2.2.3
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4.2.2.3
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4.2.2.3
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4.2.2.4 Properties of small molecules
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4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5 Polymers
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4.2.2.2
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6 Giant Covalent Structures
6
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.6
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4.2.2.6
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4.2.2.7 Properties of Metals and Alloys and 4.2.2.8 Metals as Condudctors
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4.2.2.7
4.2.3 Structure and bonding of carbon
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4.2.2.4
4.2.2.6
4.2.3.1
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4.2.1.4
4.2.2.6
4.2.3.1
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4.2.2.4
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
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4.2.2.6
4.2.3.1
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4.2.2.6
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4.2.3.2
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4.2.3.1
4.2.4 Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles
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WS4.5
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WS4.5
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4.2.4.1
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WS4.5
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MS1c
MS5c
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4.2.4.1
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4.2.4.1
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4.2.4.2
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WS1.4
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4.2.4.1
4.2.4.2
Question 1
1.

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Question 2
2.

Draw the ion formed from the Li atom

Question 3
3.

Draw the ion formed from the Na atom

Question 4
4.

Draw the ion formed from the K atom

Question 5
5.

Draw the ion formed from the F atom

Question 6
6.

Draw the ion formed from the Cl atom

Question 7
7.

What type of bonding is shown in the video below? ALSO, explain how you know.

Question 8
8.

Question 9
9.

Draw dot and cross diagram - Calcium sulfide

Question 10
10.

Draw electron configuration diagrams to show how an atom of lithium becomes an ion

Question 11
11.

Question 12
12.

What kind of bonding is this?


Question 13
13.

Question 14
14.

Question 15
15.

Question 16
16.

Question 17
17.

Question 18
18.

Question 19
19.

Draw the ion formed from the Li atom

Question 20
20.

Draw the ion formed from the Na atom

Question 21
21.

Draw the ion formed from the K atom

Question 22
22.

Draw the ion formed from the F atom

Question 23
23.

Draw the ion formed from the Cl atom

Question 24
24.

Question 25
25.

Question 26
26.

Magnesium LOSES two electron (electrons are negative). What charge does it have?

Question 27
27.

Question 28
28.

Draw dot and cross diagram - Lithium fluoride

Question 29
29.

Draw dot and cross diagram - Magnesium chloride

Question 30
30.

Draw dot and cross diagram - Lithium Oxide

Question 31
31.

Draw dot and cross diagram - Calcium sulfide

Question 32
32.

Why do metals form positive ions, while non-metals form negative ions?

Question 33
33.

Use dot and cross diagram to show the electronic changes that occur during the reaction between calcium and fluorine.

Question 34
34.

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Question 35
35.

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Question 36
36.

Question 37
37.

Question 38
38.

Question 39
39.

Question 40
40.

Question 41
41.

Question 42
42.

Question 43
43.

Draw electron configuration diagrams to show how an atom of lithium becomes an ion

Question 44
44.

Draw electron configuration diagrams to show how an atom of fluorine becomes an ion

Question 45
45.

Potassium - Use your periodic table to find the number of electrons

Question 46
46.

Draw the atom Boron and how it becomes the ion B+3

Question 47
47.
In a giant ionic structure, there are strong electrostatic forces in all directions between _______ charged particles.
Question 48
48.
Question 49
49.

Question 50
50.

Describe the difference between an ionic and covalent bond.

Question 51
51.

Complete the figure below to show the outer shell electrons in a molecule of Si2H6

Question 52
52.

Give one limitation of using a dot and cross diagram to represent a molecule.

Question 53
53.

Question 54
54.

This is Hydrogen Cyanide and it follows all the rules of covalent bonding. Use your knowledge of covalent bonding to complete the diagram. (Grade 7/8 Bonding Question)

Question 55
55.

Question 56
56.

Describe the difference between an ionic and covalent bond.

Question 57
57.

The chlorine molecule forms a single bond. Please complete the diagram

Question 58
58.

Question 59
59.

Question 60
60.

Question 61
61.

Question 62
62.

What kind of bonding is this?

Question 63
63.

Question 64
64.

Give the definition of metallic bonding ( 1 mark)

Question 65
65.

Question 66
66.

Question 67
67.

1
4.2.2.1
1
4.2.2.1
1
Question 70
70.

4.2.2.1
1
Question 71
71.

4.2.2.1
1
4.2.2.1
1
Question 73
73.

4.2.2.1
1
4.2.2.1
1
Question 75
75.

4.2.2.1
Question 76
76.

Question 77
77.

Question 78
78.

Question 79
79.

Can you give an example of a gas that you breathe in?

Question 80
80.

Question 81
81.

Question 82
82.

Question 83
83.

Question 84
84.

Type the name for each change of state next to the letter that represents this change on the diagram below

Question 85
85.

Question 86
86.

Question 87
87.

Question 88
88.

Question 89
89.

Question 90
90.

Question 91
91.

Question 92
92.

Why don’t covalent compounds conduct electricity?

Question 93
93.

Why are ionic substances soluble in water?

Question 94
94.

Why don’t covalent compounds conduct electricity?

Question 95
95.

Question 96
96.

Question 97
97.

Question 98
98.

Question 99
99.

Question 100
100.

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Question 101
101.

Question 102
102.

Question 103
103.

Question 104
104.

Question 105
105.

Why don’t covalent compounds conduct electricity?

Question 106
106.

Why are ionic substances soluble in water?

Question 107
107.

1
4.1.1.1
4.2.1.2
1
4.2.2.3
2
4.2.2.3
Question 111
111.

Why do ionic compounds have higher melting points than simple covalent compounds?

Question 112
112.

1
4.2.2.4
1
4.2.2.4
1
4.2.2.4
Question 116
116.

Why do ionic compounds have higher melting points than simple covalent compounds?

Question 117
117.

Question 118
118.

Poly(ethene) is produced from ethene.
The structure of ethene is:



Complete the structure of poly(ethene)

Question 119
119.
Complete the missing parts of the sentence

Polymers are _______ molecules made up of smaller, repeating units. Each smaller individual molecule is called a _______ and they join together in a process called _______ .
Question 120
120.

1
4.2.2.6
1
4.2.2.6
1
4.2.2.6
1
4.2.2.6
Question 125
125.

1
Question 126
126.

(a)Explain why silicon dioxide has a high melting point. (2 marks)

4.2.2.6
1
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.6
1
4.2.2.3
Question 129
129.

Question 130
130.

Question 131
131.

Question 132
132.

Question 133
133.

Question 134
134.

Question 135
135.

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Question 136
136.

Explain why metals can conduct electricity and are malleable? (2 marks)

Question 137
137.

Question 138
138.

Question 139
139.

Question 140
140.

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Question 141
141.

Question 142
142.

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Question 143
143.

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Question 144
144.

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Question 145
145.

Question 146
146.

Question 147
147.

Question 148
148.

What is this?

1
Question 149
149.

1a:

4.2.2.7
1
4.2.4.2
Question 151
151.

Question 152
152.

1
MS5c
1
MS5c
1
MS1c
1
MS5c
1
MS5c
1
MS1c
Question 159
159.

Question 160
160.
Question 161
161.
Calculate the surface area to volume ratio for a nanoparticle that is a
cube with a side length of 15 nm, and one of 60 nm. No units are required

Surface area 1 = _______
Volume 1 = _______
SA:V 1 = _______

Surface area 2 = _______
Volume 2 = _______
SA:V 2 =_______
Question 162
162.

Question 163
163.

Question 164
164.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in sunscreen,
and silver nanoparticles are used in socks. Explain how the properties of these
nanoparticles makes them suitable for each application.

Question 165
165.

Consider the potential risks associated with the inhalation of nanoparticles.

Describe and explain what those risks could be.

Describe how society might address the use of nanoparticles in industry.

Question 166
166.

Explain how a high surface area to volume ratio of a substance used
as a catalyst affects the reactivity of particles.

Metallic bonding
Transferring electrons
Alloy
Sharing electrons
Covalent bonding
Delocalised electrons through structure
Ionic bonding
Mixture of a metal and another element
What is the ion formed when Magnesium (Atomic Number: 12) loses two electrons?
Mg2-
Mg2+
Potassium is in Group 1. How many electrons does it lose when it becomes an ion?
1
2
3
4
What is the ion formed by Sodium (Na)?
Na+
Na-
Na2+
Na2-
What is the ion formed by Oxygen (O)?
O2-
O2+
O+
O-
What ion does Calcium (Ca) form?
Ca2+
Ca-
Ca+
Ca2-
What ion does Fluorine (F) form?
F-
F2-
F2+
F+
Which ion has a 2+ charge?
An ion that has lost two protons
An ion that has 2 protons
An ion that has lost two electrons
An ion that has gained two electrons
What is the ion formed when Magnesium (Atomic Number: 12) loses two electrons?
Mg-
Mg+
Mg2-
Mg2+
Lithium LOSES an electron (electrons are negative). What charge does it have?
+3
+2
+1
-1
Beryllium LOSES two electrons (electrons are negative). What charge does it have?
+3
+2
+1
-1
Fluorine GAINS an electron - what charge does it have?
+1
-1
-2
-3
Match the formulas of the following ionic compounds to their names.
Li2S
Sodium sulfide
Na2S
Potassium chloride
Mg3N2
Magnesium oxide
MgO
Lithium sulfide
KCl
Magnesium nitride
Match the names of the following ionic compounds to their formulas.
Rubidium bromide
Be3P2
Potassium nitride
RbBr
Beryllium phosphide
Na2O
Sodium oxide
AlCl3
Aluminum chloride
K3N
What is the formula for lithium sulfide?
Li2S2
LiS2
Li2S
LiS
What is the formula for potassium bromide?
K2Br
KBr
K2Br2
KBr2
What is the formula for beryllium nitride?
Be2N3
Be2N
BeN
Be3N2
What is the formula for aluminum sulfide?
Al3S
AlS
Al2S3
Al3S2
What is the formula for sodium phosphide?
Na3P3
Na3P
NaP3
NaP
When atoms gain or lose electrons, they do not form ions
True
False
When Li loses an electron, it becomes Li+1
True
False
Ionic Compounds
Simple Molecules
How are these compounds classified?
Methane
Magnesium Oxide
Sodium Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Small Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compounds
What kind of chemical bonding is taking place with Bromine?
Single bond
Quadruple bond
Triple bond
Double bond
How are these compounds classified?
Methane
Magnesium Oxide
Sodium Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Small Covalent Compounds
Ionic Compounds
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Ionic bond
Common bond
Isotope bond
Covalent bond
Which one has the stronger bond?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Which of the following is a covalent compound?
SiO2
NaCl
CaCl2
Fe2O3
How many valence electrons are shared in each covalent bond?
4
2
1
3
In a metallic bond, where are the electrons located?
In the nucleus
In a 'sea' of delocalised electrons
They are evenly distributed among the protons
In the outer shell of the atoms
Question 68
68.

Question 69
69.

Question 72
72.

Question 74
74.

What is the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Which of the following are states of matter?
Solid
Sunny
Gas
Happy
Water can exist in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas).
True
False
Ice is the solid state of water.
True
False
Drag the characteristics or details to the correct state of matter.
particles collide and move everywhere
are somewhat close together but can move freely
has a definite volume but no defined shape
particles vibrate in a fixed position
has a defined shape and volume
has a volume that can change
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is matter with a definite shape and definite volume?
Solid
Liquid
Gas

What is matter that has a definite volume, but NOT a definite shape.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Substances are usually the most dense when they are in the solid state.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT true? As thermal energy is added to a substance...
the particles move faster
the substance becomes less dense
the temperature decreases
the particles get farther apart
If a substance cools down, its molecules
move slower
disappear
stop moving
move faster
If a substance heats up, its molecules
move slower
stop moving
move faster
disappear
O₂
H₂O
Na
NaBr
NaCl
Solid mixed with gas
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Large amounts of energy are needed to transfer the electrons between the atoms.
A large amount of energy is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds.
Energy is needed to melt the ions to form a liquid.
Energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the ions.
Why are most ionic compounds soluble in water?
The ionic forces of attraction are overcome.
A large amount of energy is needed to break the ionic bonds.
Water molecules are attracted to the ions in the lattice.
The ionic compound melts when in contact with water.
In our practical, did ionic compounds dissolve in water and become soluble?
Yes
No
Did the ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Yes
Sometimes
No
Did the ionic compounds have high or low melting points?
Low
High
Match keyword to definition
thermal conductivity
A measure of how well a material conducts electricity.
Solubility
A measure of how well a material transfers energy when heated.
charge carrier
Temperature at which a substance changes from solid to a liquid state.
electrical conductivity
A particle that enables electrical conductivity.
melting point
How well a solute dissolves in a solvent
Which of the following ionic substances is not a good electrical conductor?
NaCl(s)
NaCl(aq)
NaCl(l)
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
A large amount of energy is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds.
Large amounts of energy are needed to transfer the electrons between the atoms.
Energy is needed to melt the ions to form a liquid.
Energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the ions.
Why are most ionic compounds soluble in water?
The ionic compound melts when in contact with water.
The ionic forces of attraction are overcome.
Water molecules are attracted to the ions in the lattice.
A large amount of energy is needed to break the ionic bonds.
Why is the melting point of magnesium oxide, MgO, higher than sodium chloride, NaCl?
Sodium forms ions with a higher charge than magnesium.
More energy is needed to overcome the bond between sodium and chlorine ions.
The electrostatic attraction between magnesium ions and oxygen ions is stronger.
Oxygen forms ions with a higher charge than chlorine.
What are the properties of ionic substances?
They do not dissolve in water
They do dissolve in water
They are solids at room temperature
They are liquids and gases at room temperature
They never conduct electricity
They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved
Question 108
108.

Question 109
109.

Question 110
110.

Which of these is the property of ionic and small covalent molecules?
Does Not Conduct Electricity
Conducts Electricity when Dissolved
Forms Giant Ionic Lattice
High Melting Point
Low Melting Point
Usually Gas or Liquid
Small Covalent Molecule Properties
Ionic Properties
Question 113
113.

Question 114
114.

Question 115
115.

Which of these is the property of ionic and small covalent molecules?
Does Not Conduct Electricity
Conducts Electricity when Dissolved
Forms Giant Ionic Lattice
High Melting Point
Low Melting Point
Usually Gas or Liquid
Small Covalent Molecule Properties
Ionic Properties
Which state of matter are most polymers at room temperature
(s)
(l)
(g)
(aq)
Question 121
121.

Question 122
122.

Question 123
123.

Question 124
124.

Properties
Never conduct electricity
Low melting and boiling points
Very high melting points
Almost never conduct electricity
Solids
Gases or liquids
Giant Covalent Structures
Small Covalent Molecules
Question 127
127.

(a)Suggest why the melting point of silicon dioxide is higher than the melting point of sodium chloride. (1 mark)

Question 128
128.

(a)State why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten. (1 mark)

Sort the covalent compounds
Silicon Dioxide
Graphite
Diamond
Hydrogen
Water
Oxygen
Giant Covalent Structure
Small Covalent Molecules
Which of these are giant covalent structures?
Nitrogen
Water
Silicon Dioxide (Glass)
Carbon dioxide
Diamond
Graphite
Oxygen
Ammonia
Giant covalent structures are not as strong as small covalent molecules due to their smaller size.
True
False
Giant covalent structures like diamond, graphite, and silicon dioxide generally have high melting and boiling points.
True
False
All giant covalent structures are insulators, as they cannot conduct electricity.
True
False
Which is NOT a common property of alloys?
Lower melting point than pure metals
High reactivity with other elements
Great toughness
High resistance to corrosion
Match the vocabulary terms to their definitions
Texture
Means a substance can be pounded or hammered into thin sheets. (can bend)
Physical State
means if an object can transfer heat or electricity
Malleabitilty
How an object reflects light
Ductility/Ductile
How the surface of an object looks or feels
Conductivity
if a substance can be made in to thin wire
Luster
Refers to if an object is a solid, liquid or gas
What is the primary reason metals are good conductors of electricity?
Only silver and copper conduct electricity
Electrons can move freely in metallic bonds
All metals are magnetic
Metals are in liquid state
What is an alloy?
A pure metal
A type of gas
Made of non-metal elements
A mixture of two or more metals
Why do alloys typically have more advantageous properties than pure metals?
Different elements in the mix improve certain properties
Alloys contain only precious metals
Alloys are rarer and therefore stronger
Pure metals are always weak and brittle
Match the property to the right type of covalent structure.
Does not conduct electricity
Giant covalent structures
Low melting and boiling points
Diamond
High melting and boiling points
Small covalent molecules
Which of the following properties do these structures hold in terms of their hardness?
Silicon dioxide
Graphite
Methane
Diamond
Hard
Soft
Match the property to the appropriate covalent form.
Low hardness
Graphite
Extremely hard and strong
Small covalent molecules
Conducts electricity
Diamond
Match the covalent structure with the correct description about structure.
Form three-dimensional network
Carbon nanotube
Regular network of carbon atoms in a hexagonal pattern
Graphite
Layers can slide over each other
Diamond and silicon dioxide
Match each statement with the right covalent structure(s).
Hard, lustrous and have high thermal conductivity
Small covalent molecules
Usually gases or liquids at room temperature
Giant covalent structures
Not soluble in water
Diamond
What is a distinctive feature of the structure of diamond?
Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms
Each carbon atom is not bonded to any atom
Each carbon atom is bonded to five other carbon atoms
Each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
It contains metal ions
It is a liquid at room temperature
One electron from each carbon atom is delocalised
It has lose atoms that carry current
Graphite and other giant covalent structures are easily dissolved in water.
True
False
Question 150
150.

1b:

Which of the following is a correct conversion in the metric
system?
1 kilometre (km) = 100 metres (m)
1 millimetre (mm) = 0.001 metres (m)
1 micrometre (μm) = 0.01 metres (m)
1 picometre (pm) = 0.1 metres (m)
Which of the following values could describe the size of a
nanoparticle?
1 × 109 m
2500 μm
0.001 mm
20 000 pm
Question 153
153.

What is the surface area for the first cube?

Question 154
154.

What is the volume for the first cube?

Question 155
155.

What is the SA:V for the first cube?

Question 156
156.

What is the surface area for the second cube?

Question 157
157.

What is the volume for the second cube?

Question 158
158.

What is the SA:V for the second cube?

How does the surface area to volume ratio change when a bulk
material is split into smaller nanoparticles?
It remains the same, as the total volume of the material does not change.
It decreases, because the surface area decreases more rapidly than the
volume.
It increases, because the surface area increases relative to the volume.
It varies depending on the material, and not on the size of the particles.
The properties of nanoparticles are identical to those of the same materials in
bulk form.
True
False
Justify your above answer
Nanoparticles have a much higher surface area to volume ratio than bulk materials
The chemical composition of nanoparticles is the same as that of bulk
materials.
What happens to particles in a solid when energy is added?
They disappear completely.
They become liquid instantly.
They vibrate faster and spread apart.
They freeze and are unmovable.
How do particles behave in a gas compared to a liquid?
Gas particles are tightly packed.
Gas particles move freely and spread apart.
Gas particles vibrate in place.
Gas particles are heavier than liquids.
False
What is the name of this compound?
Sodium fluorate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium fluorine
What type of forces acts between the ions in an ionic compound?
Electrostatic
Frictional
Gravitational
Magnetic
What are two properties of ionic compounds?
Conducts electricity when molten
High melting point
Low boiling point
Small molecules
Weak bonds between particles
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant Structure
Simple Molecule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple molecule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple molecule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple Molescule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple molecule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple molecule
Giant structure or simple molecule?
Giant structure
Simple molecule