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Psychology: Unit 3 Exam (Research Methods)

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Last updated 9 months ago
31 questions
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Question 31
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Read the following research proposal:

Researchers want to learn how eating different diets impacts people's mental health. They plan a study that will provide healthy, nutritious meals to one group while another group is provided a diet composed of processed foods high in fat and calories. Researchers will have participants self-report their mental health throughout the study and counselors will meet with participants to assess their mental health periodically. This study is planned to last for 6 months.

Answer the following questions as if you were a member of an IRB evaluating proposed research. Your answers should be in complete sentences, but there is no length requirement.

a) What questions or clarifications do you have about the METHOD of this study (i.e. how the study is set up)?

b) What questions or clarifications do you have regarding the ETHICS of this study?

c) What are the potential benefits of this research study?

d) What are the potential harms of this research study?

e) Would you approve this study? WHY? (You can answer "yes," "no," or "maybe," but you must explain your answer.)

What's a weakness of case studies?
can raise ethical concerns for participants
they cannot easily be applied to other circumstances
stimulates further research into the topic
gathers too much information
What is the first step when starting an experiment?
asking a question
gathering data
designing the experiment
predicting the outcome
A researcher looking for gender differences in 3-year-olds observes a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is she conducting?
survey
experiment
naturalistic observation
random sample method
Which of the following questions is best investigated by means of a survey?
What is the best study technique for AP exams?
Does extra sleep improve memory?
Are violent criminals genetically different from nonviolent criminals?
Are people more likely to vote republican or democrat in the next election?
Which of the following is TRUE about scatterplot A comparing temperatures and ice cream?
There is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
There is a strong negative correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
There is no (or very little) correlation between ice cream sold and outside temperature.
When temperatures rise, less ice cream will be sold.
According to scatterplot C, which of the following best describes the correlation between the length of a movie and the number of viewers?
There is a negative correlation
There is a strong positive correlation.
There is a weak positive correlation
There is no (or very little) correlation.
Which of the following is a reason why psychologists might conduct research?
to describe the effects of a new intervention
to explain why a specific group of people has higher test scores
to predict how people will behave in a certain scenario
all of these
Educational psychologists want to research the question "How can teachers use technology in the classroom?" What is the best method of research for this question?
a case study of a school using technology
gathering statistics on how many teachers use technology
correlational research about teachers and technology
experimental research on teachers and technology
A dependent variable is...
the effect of the change in the experiment
what is being manipulated (changed) in an experiment
the average number of times an experiment is conducted
something that can offer an explanation for an experiment's results
In her experiment, Ms. Gajda wanted to know the impact of donuts on memory. In this experiment, the number of words memorized would be a(n)...
independent variable (IV)
dependent variable (DV)
placebo
confounding variable
In the donut study mentioned in #10, Ms. Gajda had one group eat donuts before memorizing words and the other group NOT each a donut before memorizing words. The group that did not eat the donuts would represent...
the dependent variable
the independent variable
the control group
a placebo effect
What advantage does an experiment have over a correlational study?
an experiment is faster
an experiment is usually cheaper
an experiment can prove causation
an experiment can use just previously collected data
Which is NOT something that is true about "descriptive statistics"?
they determine the probability that results can be applied to a larger population
they can describe what is typical through graphs, such as a bell curve
they describe how different scores are within the group through range
they describe what is "normal" through averages
When looking at descriptive statistics, which term refers to an average of scores?
mean
median
mode
range
When looking at descriptive statistics, which term refers to the score that is seen most often?
mean
mode
range
median
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Question 18
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If a researcher wanted to know how different the highest and lowest scores were on a test, which would be most helpful?
median
mean
range
mode
What term refers to "the prediction of results that can be either verified or disproved by an experiment"?
placebo
correlation
hypothesis
research
"An approach of gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized" is referred to as
hindsight bias
the scientific method
a code of ethics
a correlational study
Data that is expressed in numbers is called...
quantitative data
descriptive data
inferential data
qualitative data.
Researchers conduct a survey that asks people to list their favorite type of candy. The data collected will be considered...
skewed
quantitative
inferential
qualitative
Which of the following correlational coefficients shows the strongest positive correlation?
+0.09
-0.6
-1.0
+0.4
The group of people that are chosen to be in a research study are called...
the volunteer population
the placebo population
the sample population
the target population
A set of rules or guidelines that define moral behavior is called...
a contract
a campaign
a constitution
a code of ethics
Which of the following groups is responsible for setting rules for experiments?
American Psychological Association (APA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)
all of these
Which of these is/are ethical concerns in psychological research?
no (or little) harm should come to participants
that experiments are done correctly
making sure participants know what they are signing up for (informed consent)
that participants are not forced to participate (consent)
that sample populations are randomly selected
participants are allowed to quit the study (withdraw)
How did the Tuskegee study, the Milgram experiment, and the Stanford Prison experiment impact psychology?
they showed how ineffective the APA is at controlling experiments
they all showed the need for larger sample sizes
they raised concerns about ethics in psychological studies
they all confirmed how long it takes people to die from syphilis
Ms. Gajda's class took a test. She wanted to know how studying had impacted students' scores, so she had students report how much time they had spent studying and compared this information to their scores. What type of research is Ms. Gajda performing?
experimental research
observational research
correlational research
a pilot study
Which of the graphs shown depicts a "normal" distribution?
A
B
C
none of these
Which of the graphs shown depicts a "left" (or "negative") skew?
A
B
C
none of these
Which of the graphs shown best fits the scenario: "Most people in the class did poorly on the exam, but a few people scored very well, which brought up the class's average."
A
B
C
none of these