AP Cybersecurity: 4.2B - Check For Understanding

To encrypt data so it can be decrypted later

To generate a fixed-length representation of data that cannot be reversed

To compress data to save storage space

To transmit binary data between systems

AES

SHA256

MD5

SSL

64²

128

2⁶⁴

64

Digest

Checksum

Salt

Collision

The hash changes every time the input is used.

The hash output varies in length based on input size.

It is unlikely that two different inputs produce the same hash.

A hash function can easily reverse the original input.

Pre-image resistance

Repeatability

Fixed length

Collision resistance

Their output lengths are too short for passwords.

Collisions can be forced efficiently.

They cannot handle long inputs.

They are too computationally expensive.

To make the database easier to read

To allow users to share passwords more easily

To ensure passwords can be recovered if forgotten

To prevent attackers from immediately knowing passwords if the database is stolen

It compares the plaintext password directly

It checks the length of the password

It re-hashes the input and compares that hash to the stored one

It decrypts the stored hash and compares it to the input

To allow users to share the same hash

To make the hash shorter

To encrypt the password after hashing

To ensure that identical passwords produce different hashes