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BIOL 66 Exam 1

Last updated 3 months ago
50 questions
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Which of the following is the best definition of physiology?

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Which of these is not an organ system?

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The state of relative constancy of the internal environment is called ___________.

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Negative feedback loops always amplify changes rather than counteract them.

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Explain the role of the integrating center in a negative feedback loop. Give an example.

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An ion forms when:

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Water’s polarity is due to shared electrons spending more time near the larger __________ atom.

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Which type of bond holds two water molecules together?

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Hydrophobic molecules dissolve readily in water.

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A solution made by dissolving 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water would be:

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DNA has the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and __________, while RNA has uracil instead.

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Describe one structural difference between glucose and galactose. Why is this difference significant?

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Which level of protein structure refers to alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?

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Cholesterol promotes membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.

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Which organelle contains DNA and controls cell activity?

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The organelle responsible for ATP synthesis is the ____________.

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Match organelle to function:

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Splicing removes __________ and joins __________ in pre-mRNA.

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Translation occurs in the nucleus.

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Define a gene. How does gene expression result in protein synthesis?

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Which process directly produces the greatest amount of ATP?

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Glycolysis produces ______ ATP per glucose molecule net.

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The citric acid cycle produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2.

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Oxygen’s role in cellular respiration is to:

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Compare and contrast catabolism and anabolism with examples.

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Lactic acid fermentation is an aerobic process.

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Which coenzymes are essential electron carriers in metabolism?

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Movement of glucose into cells via GLUT is an example of:

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Diffusion requires ATP.

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Osmosis always involves the movement of __________ across a selectively permeable membrane.

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The Na+/K+ pump exchanges:

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Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Explain what happens to a cell in each condition.

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Resting membrane potential in a human cell is approximately:

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Exocytosis involves vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.

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Which nervous system division controls skeletal muscle?

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Interneurons connect neurons within the CNS.

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The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the ___________.

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Which glial cell forms myelin in the CNS?

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Match neuron parts:

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Explain the difference between graded potentials and action potentials.

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What is the threshold potential for initiating an action potential?

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During depolarization, Na+ channels open and sodium rushes into the neuron.

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Action potentials are conducted faster in __________ neurons due to saltatory conduction.

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Which period ensures one-way propagation of action potentials?

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EPSPs depolarize a neuron while IPSPs hyperpolarize it.

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Acetylcholine is released by:

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Name two catecholamines and describe one physiological function they regulate.