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BIOL 66 Exam 1

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Last updated 5 months ago
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Question 1
1.

Which of the following is the best definition of physiology?

Question 2
2.

Question 3
3.

Which of these is not an organ system?

Question 4
4.

The state of relative constancy of the internal environment is called ___________.

Question 5
5.

Negative feedback loops always amplify changes rather than counteract them.

Question 6
6.

Question 7
7.

Explain the role of the integrating center in a negative feedback loop. Give an example.

Question 8
8.

Question 9
9.

An ion forms when:

Question 10
10.

Water’s polarity is due to shared electrons spending more time near the larger __________ atom.

Question 11
11.

Which type of bond holds two water molecules together?

Question 12
12.

Hydrophobic molecules dissolve readily in water.

Question 13
13.

A solution made by dissolving 180 g of glucose in 1 L of water would be:

Question 14
14.

DNA has the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and __________, while RNA has uracil instead.

Question 15
15.

Describe one structural difference between glucose and galactose. Why is this difference significant?

Question 16
16.

Which level of protein structure refers to alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?

Question 17
17.

Cholesterol promotes membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 18
18.

Which organelle contains DNA and controls cell activity?

Question 19
19.

The organelle responsible for ATP synthesis is the ____________.

Question 20
20.

Match organelle to function:

Question 21
21.

Splicing removes __________ and joins __________ in pre-mRNA.

Question 22
22.

Translation occurs in the nucleus.

Question 23
23.

Define a gene. How does gene expression result in protein synthesis?

Question 24
24.

Which process directly produces the greatest amount of ATP?

Question 25
25.

Glycolysis produces ______ ATP per glucose molecule net.

Question 26
26.

The citric acid cycle produces NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2.

Question 27
27.

Oxygen’s role in cellular respiration is to:

Question 28
28.

Compare and contrast catabolism and anabolism with examples.

Question 29
29.

Lactic acid fermentation is an aerobic process.

Question 30
30.

Which coenzymes are essential electron carriers in metabolism?

Question 31
31.

Movement of glucose into cells via GLUT is an example of:

Question 32
32.

Diffusion requires ATP.

Question 33
33.

Osmosis always involves the movement of __________ across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 34
34.

The Na+/K+ pump exchanges:

Question 35
35.

Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Explain what happens to a cell in each condition.

Question 36
36.

Resting membrane potential in a human cell is approximately:

Question 37
37.

Exocytosis involves vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.

Question 38
38.

Which nervous system division controls skeletal muscle?

Question 39
39.

Interneurons connect neurons within the CNS.

Question 40
40.

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the ___________.

Question 41
41.

Which glial cell forms myelin in the CNS?

Question 42
42.

Match neuron parts:

Question 43
43.

Explain the difference between graded potentials and action potentials.

Question 44
44.

What is the threshold potential for initiating an action potential?

Question 45
45.

During depolarization, Na+ channels open and sodium rushes into the neuron.

Question 46
46.

Action potentials are conducted faster in __________ neurons due to saltatory conduction.

Question 47
47.

Which period ensures one-way propagation of action potentials?

Question 48
48.

EPSPs depolarize a neuron while IPSPs hyperpolarize it.

Question 49
49.

Acetylcholine is released by:

Question 50
50.

Name two catecholamines and describe one physiological function they regulate.