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DE_LE_Unit5 (9/17/2025)

Last updated 2 months ago
52 questions
The Chemistry of Life_5.1
1

Engage_Which of the following are considered organic compounds?

2

Engage_Match the following functions with the types of organic molecules they belong in. The functions may match to more than one molecule type.

  • provide energy for the cell
  • component of cell membranes
  • catalyze chemical reactions
  • store genetic information
  • structure of cell walls
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
1

Engage_Which of the following are true statements about enzymes?

2

Explore1_What are some examples of organic and inorganic molecules? Classify each object into the proper group.

  • ethanol (C2H5OH)
  • water (H2O)
  • carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • methane (CH4)
  • nitrates (NO31-)
  • diamonds (C)
  • disulfur (S2)
  • glycine (an amino acid; C2H5NO2)
  • Organic
  • Inorganic
Use the information in the text, what you learned in the video, and the two images below to answer the question. A mutation that leads to disruption of the sodium-potassium pump has been investigated as a cause of a rare disorder known as rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP). Dystonia is a condition characterized by spasmodic muscle movements. In this condition, the voluntary control of muscles is disrupted.

1

Which is the most reasonable hypothesis for the cause of the disorder?

1

Why might onset of the disorder prove irreversible?

2

Match the following types of molecules with the correct group of macromolecules.

  • waxes
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • DNA Polymerase
  • amylase
  • sterols
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • fat
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Protein
  • Nucleic Acids
2
Enzymes are biological _______ that speed up biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are _______, but some are made of RNA. Catalysts make chemical reactions take place at _______ rates than they would without the enzyme. There are hundreds of different kinds of enzymes. Enzymes are specific to a _______ or group of chemical reactions. Like all catalysts, enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to get them going, called the _______.
2
Cells use ________ to power most cellular activities that require work. ATP is most often used to drive an _______________ reaction, or one that releases energy. In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed when a ____________________ is transferred directly to ADP. ATP is synthesized by_________________ in oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthesis is driven by______________ reactions
Other Answer Choices:
reduction
ATP
NADH
endergonic
hydrogen ion
phosphate group
NAD+
exergonic
ATP synthase
oxygen
9

What are some ways in which the structure of a compound influences its function?

5.2 Cell Structure and Function
2

Classify the following as a characteristic of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both.

  • vacuoles
  • Golgi apparatus
  • ribosomes
  • nucleoid
  • mitochondria
  • cell membrane
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
  • Both
1

Which of the following are components of the cell theory?

1
The cell theory of life is a fundamental concept in biology. Choose the correct word or phrases that explain how humans satisfy the cell theory.

Like all living things, the organs and tissues in the human body are made up of __________ that form individual living units that can function independently from one another. Thus, they are the smallest __________ in our body. All human children develop when __________ unite to form a new organism.
1
A _______ lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. In contrast, a _______ has a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus contains _______ of DNA. In contrast, in prokaryotic cells the DNA is not enclosed and usually is organized as a _______ chromosome. Furthermore, prokaryotic cells lack other membrane-bound _______. Eukaryotic cells contain well-defined organelles that are enclosed in _______.
3

Match the following organelles with their function.

Draggable itemCorresponding Item
nucleus
serves as a barrier to unwanted chemicals; controls which substances move into and out of the cell.
mitochondria
the fluid part of a cell
lysosomes
holds the genetic material of the cell
chromatin
a macromolecular complex enabling efficient packaging of DNA
chloroplasts
convert chemical energy obtained from food into energy-rich compounds
cell membrane
produce sugars and starches via the process of photosynthesis
Golgi apparatus
contain digestive enzymes that break down food into simpler molecules
cytosol/cytoplasm
where proteins are modified and exported to the rest of the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum
will hold ribosomes on its surface (rough) and are involved in detoxifying chemicals (smooth)
1
Mitochondria supply _______ to the cell. They do this through a process called _______. In cellular respiration, oxygen combines with food molecules to release energy in the form of _______ . Cells use this ATP to provide energy necessary for key cellular processes. These, in turn, drive the activities of tissues, such as _______ and nerve impulses.
The kinetics of transport is the speed at which a cell transports a solute across a membrane. Active transport kinetics tends to have the shape of the graph shown below. Choose the best words or phrases that explain why the graph appears this way.

2
In active transport, there is a __________ that is reached at very high extracellular concentrations of solute. This is because solutes move through __________ during active transport. Since there is a __________ available in the cell membrane, they can only transport a __________ at a given time.
9

What kind of structures must a cell have that would be analogous to a modern business?

LE_5.3_Cell Transport
1
Study the image. In which direction will the water move in this image? Drag one arrow into the correct location.
Other Answer Choices:
9

How do cells regulate the passage of materials across their membranes in order to maintain homeostasis?

5.4 Cell Division
1

Classify the following as characteristics of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell division by dragging them to the correct column.

  • A growth period separates the DNA replication and the actual cell division.
  • Division involves mitosis to associate a complete set of chromosomes with each daughter nucleus.
  • Divides by binary fission.
  • A single chromosome replicates, and two copies attach to either end of the cell membrane.
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
1
Eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged into a condensed structure made of _______, whereas chromosomes of prokaryotic cells are not packaged this way.
1

Match the following terms or processes with the best definition.

Draggable itemCorresponding Item
M
Cell grows & prepares for DNA replication.
G1
DNA replication occurs.
G2
Cell checks for DNA erros & prepares to divide.
S
Cell division takes place and is completed.
1

Read the following questions. Select those that could be answered through an investigation of chromosome structure.

1
Cell division describes the process by which one cell duplicates into two daughter cells. In prokaryotes, this is referred to as _______ or prokaryotic fission. Cell division in all eukaryotes involves a process called _______. In mitosis, the replicated _______ is divided between the two _______ .
1

The cell cycle is responsible for the reproduction of cells in the body. Place the steps of the cell cycle in order.

1

In a diagnosis of cancer, a doctor ordered a karyotype of a suspect tissue. The karyotype is returned as shown below, and it confirms his diagnosis of cancer. How does the karyotype confirm the doctor’s diagnosis?

9

Explain what steps are involved in the cell division of a prokaryote versus a eukaryote.

5.5 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
1

Which of the following can engage in sexual reproduction? Select all that apply.

2
Complete the sentences to describe the steps in sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction begins with meiosis, which results in male and female haploid __________. Sperm cells from the male organism fuse with the female egg cell in a process called __________. The resulting diploid cell, the __________, contains genetic information from both parents. This cell continues to divide via__________ as it develops into an embryo and, later, a fetus.
2

Match each phrase to the correct category.

  • two daughter cells
  • crossing over occurs
  • four daughter cells
  • daughter cells are haploid
  • daughter cells are diploid
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
3

Asexual and sexual reproduction share many similarities and have many differences. Study the characteristics listed and then drag each into the correct column to classify it as either an asexual reproduction characteristic, a sexual reproduction characteristic, or both.

  • requires more energy input
  • offspring are genetically different from parent
  • produces offspring
  • involves one parent
  • involves two parents
  • involves cell division
  • no formation of gametes
  • essential for survival of species
  • offspring are genetically identical to parent
  • Asexual Reproduction Characteristic
  • Both Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction Characteristics
  • Sexual Reproduction Characteristic
2

Select the correct statements that belong to either haploid or diploid cells.

  • 4 pairs of homologous chromosomes
  • 4 non-homologous chromosomes
  • Gametes
  • Somatic cells
  • 1N
  • 2N
  • Diploid
  • Haploid
1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1

What is the name of this phase?

1
The process of forming sperm is called _______. The process of forming an egg is called _______. Ova and sperm serve the single purpose of producing an offspring. The first step to this goal is _______.
1
Non-disjunction can lead to _______, which is a condition in which an offspring has an abnormal number of chromosomes. _______ is the condition in which a daughter cell is missing a chromosome or part of a chromosome from one parent. _______ is a condition in which a daughter cell receives an additional chromosome from one of the parent cells.
1
Two human karyotypes are shown. Analyze each karyotype, and then choose the correct terms to complete the blanks in the summary paragraph.
Both karyotypes show examples of how ____________________ occurring during meiosis can lead to _______________ , a condition in which one or more chromosome numbers are not normal. The individual corresponding to karyotype 1 has a condition known as _________________________ , which is an example a(n) _______________ disorder. The individual corresponding to karyotype 2 has a condition known as __________________ , which is an example of a type of ____________ .
Other Answer Choices:
Down Syndrome
aneuploidy
non-disjunction
sex-linked
trisomy
Klinefelter Syndrome
9

Explain what happens during asexual and sexual reproduction.

5.6 Biological Organization and Control
1
The cellular structures and functions of _______ organisms may be unique and specialized.
3

The muscular system interacts with other body systems to perform life’s functions. Classify each of the following terms as belonging to the muscular system, another body system, or both by dragging them to the correct box.

  • adrenal gland
  • cell
  • heart
  • bone
  • neuron
  • vertebrae
  • biceps
  • ligament
  • tendon
  • connective tissue
  • cartilage
  • trachea
  • Muscular System
  • Other Body System
  • Both
2

Match the following organ system with an example of its function.

Draggable itemCorresponding Item
respiratory
Oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and chemical messengers are transported.
nervous
Nutrients, salts, and water are broken down and absorbed
digestive
Growth, development, and metabolism are regulated.
circulatory
Fluid levels are maintained, and waste is eliminated.
integumentary
Responses to changes in the internal and external environment are regulated.
endocrine
Gases such as O2, CO2, and water vapor are transferred.
excretory
Body temperature is regulated, and a barrier function is fulfilled.
2

Multicellular organisms are organized in a hierarchical manner. Match the organism component with the correct level in the hierarchy.

  • Heart
  • Mitochondria
  • Xylem tracheid
  • Triceps
  • Neuron
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Organelle
  • Cell
  • Tissue
  • Organ
1

Organs in the digestive system sometimes fail. Doctors can diagnose this by analyzing a patient’s symptoms. Match each organ to a symptom that would occur if it failed.

Draggable itemCorresponding Item
Small intestines
The patient cannot eat through the mouth.
Stomach
The patient cannot properly reabsorb water from food.
Large intestines
The patient cannot store food for later digestion.
Esophagus
The patient cannot enzymatically break down proteins fully.
2
1. A breastfeeding mother produces oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate milk production.  The action of her baby nursing at the mother’s breast stimulates the production of more oxytocin and prolactin, which stimulate more milk production. __________

2. When blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin; when blood glucose concentration falls, the pancreas stops releasing insulin.__________

3. The adrenal  gland produces adrenaline in response to a threatening situation. Adrenaline increases alertness and sends energy to muscles to prepare to fight or run away from danger. When the danger is averted, the adrenal gland stops producing adrenaline.__________

4. Wounded skin and blood cells send out chemical signals that increase the flow of blood, which causes swelling in the area. This sends out more signals that increase the flow of blood and blood products to the area, which increase the chemical signals.__________
9

How do the different parts of the human body work together to maintain internal conditions?