B6 Inheritance, variation, and evolution

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228

4.6.1.1 Sexual and asexual reproduction

4.6.1.1

Obavezno

4.6.1.1

4.6.1.2 Meiosis

4.6.1.2

5.3a

4.6.1.2

4.6.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction

4.6.1.3

4.6.1.4 DNA and the genome

4.6.1.4

4.6.1.5 DNA Structure

4.6.1.5

4.6.1.6 Genetic Inheritance

4.6.1.6

Directions: Black is the DOMINANT fur color for rabbits and white is the recessive. B stands for the black allele and b represents the white allele. A white rabbit would have a genotype of bb and a black rabbit could have a genotype of BB or Bb.

4.6.1.6

4.6.1.7 Inherited Disorders

4.6.1.6

4.6.1.7

4.6.1.6

MS1c

4.6.1.6

4.6.1.7

4.6.1.8 Sex Determination

4.6.1.8

4.6.2.1 Variation

4.6.2.1

4.6.2.2 Evolution

4.6.2.2

4.6.3.5

4.6.2.2

4.6.3.1

4.6.2.2

4.6.2.3 Selective Breeding

4.6.2.3

4.6.2.4 Genetic Engineering

4.6.2.4

4.6.2.5

4.6.2.5 Cloning

4.6.2.5

4.6.3.1 Theory of evolution

4.6.3.1

4.6.3.2 Speciation

4.6.3.2

4.6.3.3 The understanding of genetics

4.6.3.3

4.6.3.4 Evidence for evolution

3.1.12.2

4.6.3.4

4.6.3.5 Fossils

4.6.3.5

4.6.3.6 Extinction

4.6.3.7 Resistant Bacteria

4.6.1.5

4.6.3.7

4.6.4 Classifcation of living organisms

4.6.4

S7L1.a

S7L1.b

4.6.4

B6 Inheritance, variation, and evolution

Posljednje ažuriranje 4 days ago

228

4.6.1.1 Sexual and asexual reproduction

Egg and sperm combine during:

asexual reproduction of plants

asexual reproduction of animals

sexual reproduction of plants and animals

reproduction of bacteria

4.6.1.1

What is the total number of insects in group A and B at the start (Year 1)?

4.6.1.1

Why are insects in group B different colors?

all the insects are genetically identical

the insects have different genes and variations

4.6.2.1

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group A at year 3?

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group B at year 3?

4.6.1.1

At year 3, a disease entered the population killing half the insects with blue color to die. Which group will be effected more by this disease?

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group A at year 4?

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group B at year 4?

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group A at year 5?

4.6.1.1

What is the population of group B at year 5?

4.6.1.1

At year 6, how many insects are in the population for group A?

4.6.1.1

At year 6, how many insects are in the population for group B?

4.6.1.1

Which population grew the fastest?

Group A

Group B

4.6.1.1

Which population was most affected by the disease in year 3? Explain why.

4.6.1.1

To answer these questions, check out the slideshow that is posted on asexual and sexual reproduction

State an advantage of sexual reproduction

4.6.1.1

State a disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

4.6.1.1

How many parents needed for asexual reproduction?

4.6.1.1

Obavezno

4.6.1.1

Obavezno

Relate these biological terms to either mitosis, meiosis, or asexual reproduction.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Cloning		Mitosis
Body growth		Meiosis
Genetic diversity		Asexual reproduction

4.6.1.1

All offspring are identical.
Most animals reproduce this way.
Pollen from trees and flowers are for this.
Offspring have different inherited characteristics.
Produces clones of the parent.
One parent.
Requires male and female organisms.
Taking cuttings of a plant would be this.
A bacteria splitting in two.
Has two parents.

Asexual
Sexual

4.6.1.1

There are two types of reproduction:
• sexual reproduction
• asexual reproduction.
Complete below table to compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.
Write a tick (✓) in the box if the statement is true.

	Sexual Reproduction	Asexual Reproduction
Fertilisaiton occurs
Offspring are genetically identical to each other

4.6.1.1

Drugi mogući odgovor:

mitosis

embryos

fertilisation

sexual

genes

differentiation

gametes

Asexual

4.6.1.1

Gametes are formed in sexual reproduction.
Name the male gamete formed in flowering plants.

4.6.1.1

With asexual reproduction what is the number of parents needed?

4.6.1.1

With sexual reproduction what is the number of parents needed?

4.6.1.1

With sexual reproduction is the genetic information the same or different?

4.6.1.1

With asexual reproduction is the genetic information the same or different?

4.6.1.1

With asexual reproduction is the offspring the identical or different?

4.6.1.1

With sexual reproduction is the offspring the identical or different?

4.6.1.1

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

4.6.1.1

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

4.6.1.1

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

4.6.1.1

Offspring that are the result of sexual reproduction are:

never identical to the parents

sometimes identical to the parents

always identical to the parents

identical to other offspring

4.6.1.1

Egg and sperm combine during:

asexual reproduction of plants

asexual reproduction of animals

sexual reproduction of plants and animals

reproduction of bacteria

4.6.1.1

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?

a fish releases sperm which unites with an egg of another fish

a worm is split in two; each half grows back into a complete worm

a gray cat is the offspring of a black cat and a white cat

flowers from two different plants are mated to produce a seed

4.6.1.1

The offspring of sexual reproduction:

receives half of its genetic material from each parent

receives all of its genetic material from one parent

receives genetic material from an outside source

develops genetic material independent of any other source

4.6.1.1

4.6.1.2 Meiosis

When one cell undergoes meiosis, what is the result?

2 cells that are genetically identical

4 cells that are genetically different

2 cells that are genetically different

4 cells that are genetically identical

4.6.1.2

5.3a

Gametes are produced by the process of

mitosis

meiosis

crossing over

replication

4.6.1.2

Gametes are produced by the process of

mitosis

meiosis

crossing over

replication

4.6.1.2

Gametes have

homologous chromosomes

twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells

two sets of chromosomes

one copy of each chromosome

4.6.1.2

At the end of meiosis, there are

two haploid daughter cells

four haploid daughter cells.

two diploid daughter cells.

four diploid daughter cells.

4.6.1.2

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

4.6.1.2

If a eukaryotic cell has 20 chromosomes and it undergoes meiosis, how many cells will result, and how many chromosomes will they contain?

4 cells, each with 20 chromosomes

4 cells, each with 10 chromosomes

2 cells, each with 10 chromosomes

2 cells, each with 20 chromosomes

4.6.1.2

Cells that are ________ possess a single set of chromosomes

diploid

haploid

somatic

zygotes

4.6.1.2

An organism has 38 chromosomes in a body cell. After mitosis each cell has 38 chromosomes. After meiosis each gamete has ____________________ chromosomes.

4.6.1.2

4.6.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction

Bluebell plants grow in woodlands in the UK.
• Bluebells can reproduce sexually by producing seeds.
• Bluebells can also reproduce asexually by making new bulbs.
One advantage of asexual reproduction for bluebells is that only one parent is needed.
Suggest two other advantages of asexual reproduction for bluebells.

4.6.1.3

4.6.1.4 DNA and the genome

Who gives the best description of DNA?

Andeep: "A molecule made from three strands that are stored in the nucleus."

Sam: "A molecule that is made of repeating units that carries the genetic code."

Sofia: "A long molecule that is made of sugars that carries genes."

Izzy: "A big molecule made of sugars and protein that carries genes."

4.6.1.4

Where is DNA found in plant, animal and fungi cells and how is it stored?

It is found in the cytoplasm and stored as proteins.

It is found in the nucleus and stored as proteins.

It is found in the nucleus and stored as chromosomes.

It is found in the cytoplasm and stored as chromosomes.

4.6.1.4

The scientific name for a DNA molecule structure is a

Staircase

Twisted ladder

Double Helix

polymer

4.6.1.4

A portion of DNA that codes for a trait is a

Chromosome

Phosphate

Deoxyribose

Gene

4.6.1.4

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

21 pairs

23 pairs

22 pairs

46 pairs

4.6.1.4

4.6.1.5 DNA Structure

Q3 A =

4.6.1.5

Q3 B=

4.6.1.5

Q3 C=

4.6.1.5

What is a mutation?

A change in the DNA sequence.

A gene transfer between species.

A form of genetic isolation.

An adaptive response to the environment.

4.6.1.5

What part of the nucleotide is #1?

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate

Base

4.6.1.5

What part of the nucleotide is #2?

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate

Base

4.6.1.5

What part of the nucleotide is #3?

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate

Base

4.6.1.5

The scientific name for a DNA molecule structure is a

Staircase

Twisted ladder

Double Helix

polymer

4.6.1.5

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.1.5

A portion of DNA that codes for a trait is a

Chromosome

Phosphate

Deoxyribose

Gene

4.6.1.5

4.6.1.6 Genetic Inheritance

Three punnett squares demonstrating how genes from parents combine in four different combinations to pass on traits to offsprings.

The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to understand inheritance, or traits that are passed down from generation to generation.

Genes come in different forms, known as alleles. You get one copy of each gene from each parent. So you can end up with two different alleles of the same gene.

Biologists use Punnett squares to determine the likelihood of an offspring having a particular combination of alleles of genes.

In a Punnett square, dominant traits are represented by capital, or uppercase, letters. Recessive traits are represented by lowercase letters.

The example of eye color in the image is hypothetical. In fact, eye color is actually a polygenetic trait. This means that it is influenced by more than one gene.

What does having a dominant allele mean?

That the recessive trait will show up

That the dominant trait will show up only if there is no recessive trait

It means nothing, that trait that shows up has nothing to do with dominant alleles

That the dominant trait will show up

4.6.1.6

Which is the best description of a phenotype?

Genetic makeup

Physical appearance

The combination of alleles

The alleles that you get from your parents

4.6.1.6

Which would represent the following Homozygous recessive, Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous

Tt, tt, TT

TT, Tt, tt

tt, TT, Tt

Tt, TT, tt

4.6.1.6

The ability to roll your tongue is a dominant trait (T), non tongue rolling is recessive (t). Which of the following combinations would allow a person to roll their tongue?

4.6.1.6

Complete the following Punnett square below.

4.6.1.6

A heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant were crossed. Note: tt indicates a short plant. The punnet square is below. What are the correct ratios and percentages of the offspring's genotypes?

TT= 1/4= 25%, Tt= 1/2= 50%, tt= 1/4= 25%

TT= 1/2= 50%, Tt= 1/2= 50%, tt= 1/4= 25%

Tt= 1/2= 75%, tt= 1/4= 25%

Tt= 1/2= 50%, tt= 1/2= 50%

4.6.1.6

A heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant were crossed. Note: tt indicates a short plant. The punnet square is below. What are the correct ratios and percentages of the offspring's phenotypes?

Tall= 1/4= 25% , Short= 3/4= 75%

Tall= 4/4= 100%

Tall= 3/4= 75% , Short= 1/4= 25%

Tall= 1/2= 50% , Short= 1/2= 50%

4.6.1.6

The family tree shows the inheritance of a disorder caused by a dominant allele.
Fiona and Eric have two children George and Harriet.
The son, George, has the disorder.
The daughter, Harriet, does not have the disorder.
What symbol represents Harriet?

□

■

○

●

4.6.1.6

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.
The symbol d represents the recessive allele.
Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.
What alleles does Harriet have?

4.6.1.6

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.
The symbol d represents the recessive allele.
Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.

A person with the disorder could what what alleles?

4.6.1.6

What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for a trait?

It can only pass on recessive traits.

It expresses a dominant trait.

It has no alleles for the trait.

It has two identical alleles.

It has two different alleles for that trait.

4.6.1.6

Which term describes an allele that masks the expression of another?

Heterozygous contains two identical alleles.

Recessive allele enhances another allele.

Alleles are only found in recessive traits.

Dominant allele masks another allele.

Homozygous consists of two different alleles.

4.6.1.6

If an organism is homozygous recessive, what can be said about its alleles?

It has one dominant and one recessive allele.

It carries no alleles for this trait.

It can only pass on dominant traits.

It has two different dominant alleles.

It has two identical recessive alleles.

4.6.1.6

Which of these are homozygous?

4.6.1.6

Which of these are heterozygous?

4.6.1.6

Which of these are homozygous recessive?

4.6.1.6

Which of these are homozygous dominant?

4.6.1.6

What type of trait will HH become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

4.6.1.6

What type of trait will Hh become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

4.6.1.6

What type of trait will hh become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

4.6.1.6

In chickens, black feathers (F) are dominant and red feathers (f) are recessive.

null

If a chicken has the alleles Ff (one allele for black feathers and one allele for red feathers), what will its phenotype be?

Black

Red

4.6.1.6

If a chicken has the alleles ff (two alleles for red feathers), what will its phenotype be?

Black

Red

4.6.1.6

4.6.1.7 Inherited Disorders

Mutations of DNA cause some inherited disorders.
One inherited disorder is cystic fibrosis (CF).
A recessive allele causes CF.
Complete the genetic diagram in Figure 2.
• Identify any children with CF.
• Give the probability of any children having CF.
Each parent does not have CF.
The following symbols have been used:
D = dominant allele for not having CF
d = recessive allele for having CF

4.6.1.6

4.6.1.7

From above, what is the probability of a child with CF?

4.6.1.6

MS1c

What is the genotype of the mother shown in the Punnett square?

Hetereozygous

Homozygous dominant

Homozygous recessive

4.6.1.6

Figure 2 shows the inheritance of sickle cell anaemia in one family.
Figure 2
Persons 8 and 9 in Figure 2 are expecting a second child.
Determine the probability that the child will be a girl with sickle cell trait.
You should:
• draw a Punnett square diagram
• identify the phenotype of each offspring genotype
• use the symbols:
A = normal blood
a = sickle cell blood

4.6.1.7

4.6.1.8 Sex Determination

Which sex chromosomes do females typically have?

Two X chromosomes

X and A chromosomes

One X and one Y

Two Y chromosomes

4.6.1.8

4.6.2.1 Variation

Draw one line from each characteristic in List A to the factor(s) that affect the characteristic in List B

4.6.2.1

Sort into environmental variation and genetic. Pick the BEST answer for each

Blood Type
Natural Eye colour
Tattoos
Natural hair texture
Ear stretching
Language you speak

Environmental Variation
Genetic Variation

4.6.2.1

WS3.5

4.6.2.1

WS3.5

4.6.2.1

WS3.5

4.6.2.2 Evolution

Which scientist developed a similar theory at the same time as Wallace?

Jaean-Baptiste Lamarck

Gregor Mendel

Charles Darwin

Nancy Chang

4.6.2.2

What theory did Charles Darwin propose?

Natural Selection

Speciation

Evolution

4.6.2.2

Which of the following is not a stage of natural selection?

4.6.2.2

What is the process by which evolution takes place?

4.6.2.2

What evidence can be used to look at how species have changed overtime?

Experiments

DNA

Fossils

4.6.2.2

4.6.3.5

Starting with variation, put the steps of natural selection in the correct order.

Inheritance - and more likely to pass on the traits to their offspring.
Competition - this advantage allows them to compete successfully
Survival - this makes them more likely to survive.
Variation - due to chance individuals of a species have different traits.
Reproduction - and more likely to have offspring.
Advantage - some traits can give individuals an advantage.

4.6.2.2

4.6.3.1

4.6.2.2

match these terms

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Evolution		Better adapted organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Artificial Selection		The characteristics of species change over many generations
Natural Selection		Humans choose organisms with desirable traits and breed them together.

4.6.2.2

Some giraffes had short necks; others had long necks.
Select the reason why.

Some giraffes stretched their necks further to get more food

Variation caused by random chance

Some giraffes were stronger than others

4.6.2.2

Individual organisms evolve.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.2.2

What does "fitness" mean, in biology?

Ability to survive and reproduce

Strongest and fastest

Most mutations

The newest species

4.6.2.2

Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?

Yes, they know they need to change to survive

No, they change because of natural selection

4.6.2.2

Which organisms are most likely to survive?

The best adapted

The strongest

The fastest

The most domesticated (tamed)

4.6.2.2

An organism's traits are determined by its DNA

True

False

How many blue snakes are there in the population?

How many brown snakes are there in the population?

How many green snakes are there in the population?

Which color(s) of snakes are best suited for the environment grass and dirt environment?

Blue

Green

Brown

The blue snakes are most likely to be eaten by birds. What will happen to the blue allele (gene) in the population?

the blue allele (gene) will increase in the population

the blue allele (gene) will decrease in the population

the blue allele (gene) will stay the same

Due to the drought the environment is mostly brown dirt. Which color snake is "best fit" for the environment?

Brown

Green

What happened to the allele frequency of green snakes in the population?

the amount of green alleles (genes) increased

the amount of green alleles (genes) decreased

the amount of green alleles (genes) stayed the same

If there were no birds (aka the selective pressure) in the area, would there be a shift in the population to mostly brown snakes?

Yes

4.6.2.2

4.6.2.3 Selective Breeding

How is selective breeding (aka Artificial selection) different from natural selection?

4.6.2.3

How does selective breeding (aka Artificial selection) work?

4.6.2.3

Why was selective/artificial selection so important and beneficial to society?

4.6.2.3

Explain how selective breeding may have been used to produce bananas with tasty flesh.

4.6.2.3

4.6.2.4 Genetic Engineering

4.6.2.4

We can now produce organisms with the characteristics we want the organisms to have.
List A gives the names of four ways of producing organisms.
List B gives information about the ways of producing organisms.
Match each of List A to the correct information in List B

Embryo transplantation
Genetic engineering
Taking cuttings
Tissue culture

Taking part of the stem from a
plant, then putting this part of the stem in wet soil in a plant pot.
Growing groups of cells from a
plant on special jelly.
Transferring genes from one
organism to a different organism.
Growing plants from seeds in a
garden.
Separating groups of cells from
a very young developing animal
then putting the groups of cells
into host mothers.

4.6.2.4

4.6.2.5

4.6.2.5 Cloning

What type of plant cloning is used to make hundreds of clones?

Cuttings

Tissue cultures

4.6.2.5

What type of plant cloning uses rooting powder?

Cuttings

Tissue cultures

4.6.2.5

Modern scientists use cloning techniques.
Which one of the following is a method of producing cloned plants?
Tick one box.

Joining male and female sex cells

Taking cuttings from plants

Transferring genes from one plant to another plant

4.6.2.5

The diagram shows a method that could be used in the future to produce a human.

What is the name of the method shown?
Tick one box.

Adult cell cloning

Embryo transplant

Tissue culture

4.6.2.5

Look at the diagram above:
What type of cell is cell P?

An egg cell

a skin cell

a sperm cell

4.6.2.5

Scientists can clone plants using tissue culture.
Figure 2 shows the process of tissue culture.

Why might scientists want to clone plants?
Tick one box.

To create new species of plant

To introduce variation into plants

To protect endangered plants from extinction

To reduce disease resistance in plants

4.6.2.5

4.6.3.1 Theory of evolution

Which of the following statements are true about theories?

Theories have a lot of supporting evidence

Theories are just ideas so they are not widely accepted.

Theories don't apply to many situations

An example of a theory is natural selection.

4.6.3.1

Starting with variation, put the steps of natural selection in the correct order.

Variation - due to chance individuals of a species have different traits.
Advantage - some traits can give individuals an advantage.
Survival - this makes them more likely to survive.
Inheritance - and more likely to pass on the traits to their offspring.
Reproduction - and more likely to have offspring.
Competition - this advantage allows them to compete successfully

4.6.3.1

What did Alfred Russel Wallace develop a theory of?

Evolution by natural selection

The inheritance of characteristics in pea plants

Evolution by heritance of acquired characteristics

The structure of DNA

4.6.3.1

4.6.3.2 Speciation

4.6.3.2

Which of the following is why some Galápagos tortoises have saddle-shaped shells?

Some tortoises stretched up to get food and stretched their shells.

The shape of tortoises’ shells has no relationship to the food they eat.

They were more likely to survive as they could reach more food.

Some tortoises stretched up to get food and passed this onto their offspring.

4.6.3.2

True or false? DNA can be used to help establish relationships between organisms.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.2

Which of the following is not a geographical barrier that mean species can become isolated?

4.6.3.2

Speciation is when a new a new species is formed

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.2

What defines a species in biological terms?

A collection of similar physical traits.

Organisms sharing the same habitat.

Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Any organism that looks alike.

4.6.3.2

Which of the following is an example of a species?

Dog breeds like Golden Retriever.

All mammals such as whales and bats.

Canis lupus (gray wolf).

Animals living in the same environment.

4.6.3.2

What is speciation?

A change in climate

A type of genetic mutation

The process by which new species arise.

A method of evolution

4.6.3.2

Which is the best definition of a species?

organisms that have similar characteristics

organisms that live in the same habitat

organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

4.6.3.2

Geographic isolation separates populations of organisms.
Tick the examples of geographic isolation

4.6.3.2

Put the steps in order for a new species to arise:

Best adapted organisms in each area survive, breed, and pass alleles onto offspring
Different Environmental Conditions
Mutations leads to new alleles
Speciation has occurred (populations can no longer breed to produce fertile offspring)
Geographical Separation

4.6.3.2

In 2009, scientists explored a crater of an extinct volcano in Papua New Guinea. It is 4 km wide, with walls 1 km high. In this volcano, they found dozens of previously undiscovered species, including a new species of frog.

Explain how a new species of frog has evolved within the crater which is different to a similar species outside the crater. (6)

4.6.3.2

It is thought that Madagascar used to be a part of Africa. Approximately 150 million years ago, Madagascar split from Africa and is now a separate island.

A species of rat only unique to Madagascar is believed to share a common ancestor with a similar species in Africa.
Suggest how a new species of rat has evolved on Madagascar. (6)

4.6.3.2

Question 190

00:00

4.6.3.3 The understanding of genetics

Who is considered the father of Genetics?

4.6.3.3

Tell me a bit about Rosalind Franklin

4.6.3.3

According to Mendel's experiment, what color were the flowers in the first generation?

Purple

Purple and white

White

4.6.3.3

After self-pollination of the F1 (first) generation plants, what color were some of the F2 (second) generation flowers?

50% White

50% Purple

25 % White

25% Purple

4.6.3.3

What did Mendel assume produces white and purple flowers respectively?

Environmental conditions

Different forms of genes

Inherited factors

Random chance

4.6.3.3

4.6.3.4 Evidence for evolution

What provides evidence for evolution?

3.1.12.2

4.6.3.4

4.6.3.5 Fossils

Fossils can only form in sedimentary rocks, not in igneous or metamorphic rocks.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

The process of fossilisation can take thousands to millions of years to occur.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

Fossils can provide important information about past life on Earth and its environments.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

Fossils are formed with heat and pressure

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

According to the solution you found above, which organism disappeared from the fossil record right before the appearance of homo sapiens

dyrosaurs

seismosaurus

pterosaur

ichthyosaur

4.6.3.5

When comparing fossil layers, the bottom layers are the oldest.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

The formation of fossils is a common event.

Tačno

Netačno

4.6.3.5

Prompt: These three hills used to be one hill in the past before they separated. Based on the law of superposition, which fossil is the oldest?

Fern

Coral

Ammonite

Trilobite

4.6.3.5

Organise from oldest to Youngest

4.6.3.5

Which 4 organisms lived only for a relatively short period of geologic time?

4.6.3.5

4.6.3.6 Extinction

4.6.3.7 Resistant Bacteria

The phenomenon, antibiotic resistance, is the idea that antibiotics that we have used for many years no longer kill the bacteria

A. True

B. False

4.6.3.7

4.1.2.2

4.6.3.7

According to the graphs, what is the relationship between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.

A. Negative Relationship. As antibiotic use increases, antibiotic resistance decreases

B. Positive Relationship. As antibiotic use increases, antibiotic resistances increases

C. There is no relationship between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use

4.6.3.7

Define mutation

Deliberate change in DNA

Random change in DNA

DNA replicating

4.6.1.5

Antibiotic resistance develops…

A. In a single bacterium, instantly

B. In a population of bacteria, instantly

C. In a single bacterium, over a period of time

D. In a population of bacteria, over a period of time

4.6.1.5

Antibiotic resistance is

A.Illness affecting plants and animals.

B. Poisonous.

C. The production of proteins from amino acids, which happens in the ribosomes of the cell.

D. The ability of bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics. It is caused by mutations in their genes.

4.6.1.5

People are increasing the rate at which bacteria populations are acquiring antibiotic resistance by:

A. taking antibiotics only when they need them

B. putting antibiotics into our food and environment

C. not sharing antibiotics with others

4.6.1.5

Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce the rate of development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?

A. Always finish a course of antibiotics

B. Only take antibiotics when they are really needed

C. Take antibiotics whenever it is possible

D. Reduce the amount of antibiotics given to animals in the farming industry

4.6.1.5

Which antibiotic is most effective at killing this type of bacterium?

4.6.3.7

Which of the following best explains why bacteria are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions?

A. Bacteria have DNA that rarely mutates in the population.

B. Bacteria reproduce rapidly, allowing mutations to increase in the population.

C. Bacteria reproduce asexually, causing little genetic variation in the population.

D. Bacteria exchange genetic material, which increases the number of chromosomes in the population.

4.6.3.7

4.6.4 Classifcation of living organisms

What TWO terms are used for an organism's binomial name? (SELECT TWO THINGS OR GET IT WRONG)

Order

Family

Genus

Species

4.6.4

S7L1.a

S7L1.b

The two-word naming system created by Linnaeus is called__________________.

scientific namism

dichotomous key

binomial nomenclature

Aristotle system

4.6.4

Organisms are finally classified into the smallest, most specific groups which are __________________.

kingdom

species

genus

phylum

4.6.4

Organisms are first classified into the largest group, which would be a ____________________.

kingdom

species

genus

phylum

4.6.4

Use the diagram above to answer the question.
Which two species in this table are most similar to each other?

4.6.4

Use the diagram above to answer the question.
Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a tiger (Panthera tigris)? Explain.

4.6.4

Use the diagram above to answer the question.
Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain.

4.6.4

	Asexual reproduction	Sexual reproduction	Both
Creates genetically different offspring
Creates identical offspring
2 parents
1 parent
Creates offspring
fragmentation & binary fission

	Asexual reproduction	Sexual reproduction	Both
Creates genetically different offspring
Creates identical offspring
2 parents
1 parent
Creates offspring
fragmentation & binary fission

B6 Inheritance, variation, and evolution

B6 Inheritance, variation, and evolution

Egg and sperm combine during:

What is the total number of insects in group A and B at the start (Year 1)?

Why are insects in group B different colors?

What is the population of group A at year 3?

What is the population of group B at year 3?

At year 3, a disease entered the population killing half the insects with blue color to die. Which group will be effected more by this disease?

What is the population of group A at year 4?

What is the population of group B at year 4?

What is the population of group A at year 5?

What is the population of group B at year 5?

At year 6, how many insects are in the population for group A?

At year 6, how many insects are in the population for group B?

Which population grew the fastest?

Which population was most affected by the disease in year 3? Explain why.

State an advantage of sexual reproduction

State a disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

How many parents needed for asexual reproduction?

Relate these biological terms to either mitosis, meiosis, or asexual reproduction.

There are two types of reproduction:• sexual reproduction• asexual reproduction.Complete below table to compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.Write a tick (✓) in the box if the statement is true.

Gametes are formed in sexual reproduction.Name the male gamete formed in flowering plants.

With asexual reproduction what is the number of parents needed?

With sexual reproduction what is the number of parents needed?

With sexual reproduction is the genetic information the same or different?

With asexual reproduction is the genetic information the same or different?

With asexual reproduction is the offspring the identical or different?

With sexual reproduction is the offspring the identical or different?

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

Does the picture above show sexual or asexual reproduction?

Offspring that are the result of sexual reproduction are:

Egg and sperm combine during:

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?

The offspring of sexual reproduction:

When one cell undergoes meiosis, what is the result?

Gametes are produced by the process of

Gametes are produced by the process of

Gametes have

At the end of meiosis, there are

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

If a eukaryotic cell has 20 chromosomes and it undergoes meiosis, how many cells will result, and how many chromosomes will they contain?

Cells that are ________ possess a single set of chromosomes

An organism has 38 chromosomes in a body cell. After mitosis each cell has 38 chromosomes. After meiosis each gamete has ____________________ chromosomes.

Who gives the best description of DNA?

Where is DNA found in plant, animal and fungi cells and how is it stored?

The scientific name for a DNA molecule structure is a

A portion of DNA that codes for a trait is a

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Q3 A =

Q3 B=

Q3 C=

What is a mutation?

What part of the nucleotide is #1?

What part of the nucleotide is #2?

What part of the nucleotide is #3?

The scientific name for a DNA molecule structure is a

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A portion of DNA that codes for a trait is a

What does having a dominant allele mean?

Which is the best description of a phenotype?

Which would represent the following Homozygous recessive, Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous

The ability to roll your tongue is a dominant trait (T), non tongue rolling is recessive (t). Which of the following combinations would allow a person to roll their tongue?

Complete the following Punnett square below.

A heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant were crossed. Note: tt indicates a short plant. The punnet square is below. What are the correct ratios and percentages of the offspring's genotypes?

A heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant were crossed. Note: tt indicates a short plant. The punnet square is below. What are the correct ratios and percentages of the offspring's phenotypes?

The family tree shows the inheritance of a disorder caused by a dominant allele.Fiona and Eric have two children George and Harriet.The son, George, has the disorder.The daughter, Harriet, does not have the disorder.What symbol represents Harriet?

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.The symbol d represents the recessive allele.Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.What alleles does Harriet have?

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.The symbol d represents the recessive allele.Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.A person with the disorder could what what alleles?

What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for a trait?

Which term describes an allele that masks the expression of another?

If an organism is homozygous recessive, what can be said about its alleles?

Which of these are homozygous?

Which of these are heterozygous?

Which of these are homozygous recessive?

Which of these are homozygous dominant?

What type of trait will HH become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

What type of trait will Hh become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

What type of trait will hh become? Dominant or recessive? How do you know?

If a chicken has the alleles Ff (one allele for black feathers and one allele for red feathers), what will its phenotype be?

There are two types of reproduction:
• sexual reproduction
• asexual reproduction.
Complete below table to compare sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.
Write a tick (✓) in the box if the statement is true.

Gametes are formed in sexual reproduction.
Name the male gamete formed in flowering plants.

The family tree shows the inheritance of a disorder caused by a dominant allele.
Fiona and Eric have two children George and Harriet.
The son, George, has the disorder.
The daughter, Harriet, does not have the disorder.
What symbol represents Harriet?

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.
The symbol d represents the recessive allele.
Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.
What alleles does Harriet have?

The symbol D represents the dominant allele for the disorder.
The symbol d represents the recessive allele.
Fiona has the pair of alleles dd.

A person with the disorder could what what alleles?

Some giraffes had short necks; others had long necks.
Select the reason why.

We can now produce organisms with the characteristics we want the organisms to have.
List A gives the names of four ways of producing organisms.
List B gives information about the ways of producing organisms.
Match each of List A to the correct information in List B

Modern scientists use cloning techniques.
Which one of the following is a method of producing cloned plants?
Tick one box.

The diagram shows a method that could be used in the future to produce a human.

What is the name of the method shown?
Tick one box.

Look at the diagram above:
What type of cell is cell P?

Scientists can clone plants using tissue culture.
Figure 2 shows the process of tissue culture.

Why might scientists want to clone plants?
Tick one box.

Geographic isolation separates populations of organisms.
Tick the examples of geographic isolation