Central Dogma Test_25.26

1

Examine the section of nucleic acid.
Which explanation best describes the molecule shown?

Structures X, Y, and Z represent a nucleotide of a double-stranded DNA molecule.

Structures X, Y, and Z represent a phosphate group of a double-stranded DNA molecule.

Structures X, Y, and Z represent an amino acid on an RNA molecule with a 5-carbon ribose sugar.

Structures X, Y, and Z represent a gene on an RNA molecule with a 5-carbon ribose sugar.

1

Use the codon chart to answer the questions.
The DNA sequence CAA would create an mRNA codon that would code for which amino acid?

arginine

glutamine

proline

valine

1

A segment of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence: TAC CCA GGT.
Using the mRNA codon chart, which amino acid sequence would be produced from this DNA base sequence?

alanine-asparagine-leucine

methionine-valine-proline

methionine-glycine-proline

tyrosine-proline-valine

1

Red blood cells contain the hemoglobin protein, which is a carrier of oxygen. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin present in red blood cells becomes abnormal and sickle shaped. Abnormal hemoglobin cannot carry as much oxygen as normal hemoglobin.
The sequences given show sections of the DNA sequence that produce both the normal and abnormal types of hemoglobin.
Which amino acids are coded for by the abnormal DNA?

histidine, leucine, valine

histidine, threonine, valine

proline, valine, glutamic acid

proline, leucine, glutamic acid

1

The diagram shows a single DNA strand.
What would happen if thymine (T) was replaced by adenine (A)?

A nondisjunction would occur.

A gene mutation would occur.

A segregation would occur.

Crossing-over would occur.

1

When a strand of DNA was replicated, one base was left out. Why would this be more damaging than if the base had only changed?

The process stops and must restart at the beginning after the new sequence of DNA has been read.

The missing base would leave a hole in the new DNA strand, causing the structure to be unstable.

The rest of the DNA cannot be read, as it would recognize that the number of bases changed.

The codons shift one letter for all bases after the mutation, changing all of them as well.

1

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

to bind to protein molecules and form ribosomes

to carry out the termination of a polypeptide chain

to carry genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for translation

to recognize a specific codon and to deliver the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome

1

Which series of steps describes the process of how traits are created from the genetic code?

DNA → mRNA → proteins → traits

DNA → proteins → mRNA → traits

mRNA → DNA → proteins → traits

mRNA → proteins → DNA → traits

1

The diagram shows a segment of DNA that codes for a genetic disease.
Which factor most likely affected the DNA as shown in the diagram?

Base pairing

Bacterial infection

Mutation

Parasite

1

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown.
What is the process involved in the coding?

Replication

Transcription

Transduction

Translation

1

The diagram shows the process of making proteins in a cell.
What are the processes P and Q?

P: translation and Q: transcription

P: translation and Q: replication

P: transcription and Q: translation

P: transcription and Q: replication

1

Which factor most directly influences the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

the specific type of cell and its location in the organism

the type of ribosome constructing the protein

the amount of genetic material in the nucleus

the arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA

1

Examine the diagram representing a section of an organic molecule.
What process is most directly controlled by this molecule?

digestion of food

regulation of salt levels

storage of lipids

synthesis of proteins

1

Why is DNA important for a cell?

It helps in the continuation of a species by dividing during cell division.

It helps in the formation of a new species by crossing over during meiosis.

It allows the passing of important substances through the nuclear membrane.

It contains all the information necessary for the synthesis of RNA and proteins.

1

The steps involved in the process of protein synthesis are shown in no particular order.
Which sequence correctly arranges the steps?

W → X → Y → Z

Z → X → W → Y

Z → X → Y → W

X → Y → Z → W

Central Dogma Test_25.26

Examine the section of nucleic acid.Which explanation best describes the molecule shown?

Use the codon chart to answer the questions.The DNA sequence CAA would create an mRNA codon that would code for which amino acid?

A segment of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence: TAC CCA GGT.Using the mRNA codon chart, which amino acid sequence would be produced from this DNA base sequence?

The diagram shows a single DNA strand.What would happen if thymine (T) was replaced by adenine (A)?

When a strand of DNA was replicated, one base was left out. Why would this be more damaging than if the base had only changed?

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

Which series of steps describes the process of how traits are created from the genetic code?

The diagram shows a segment of DNA that codes for a genetic disease.Which factor most likely affected the DNA as shown in the diagram?

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown.What is the process involved in the coding?

The diagram shows the process of making proteins in a cell.What are the processes P and Q?

Which factor most directly influences the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Examine the diagram representing a section of an organic molecule.What process is most directly controlled by this molecule?

Why is DNA important for a cell?

The steps involved in the process of protein synthesis are shown in no particular order.Which sequence correctly arranges the steps?

Examine the section of nucleic acid.Which explanation best describes the molecule shown?

Use the codon chart to answer the questions.The DNA sequence CAA would create an mRNA codon that would code for which amino acid?

A segment of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence: TAC CCA GGT.Using the mRNA codon chart, which amino acid sequence would be produced from this DNA base sequence?

The diagram shows a single DNA strand.What would happen if thymine (T) was replaced by adenine (A)?

When a strand of DNA was replicated, one base was left out. Why would this be more damaging than if the base had only changed?

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

Which series of steps describes the process of how traits are created from the genetic code?

The diagram shows a segment of DNA that codes for a genetic disease.Which factor most likely affected the DNA as shown in the diagram?

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown.What is the process involved in the coding?

The diagram shows the process of making proteins in a cell.What are the processes P and Q?

Which factor most directly influences the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Examine the diagram representing a section of an organic molecule.What process is most directly controlled by this molecule?

Why is DNA important for a cell?

The steps involved in the process of protein synthesis are shown in no particular order.Which sequence correctly arranges the steps?

Examine the section of nucleic acid.
Which explanation best describes the molecule shown?

Use the codon chart to answer the questions.
The DNA sequence CAA would create an mRNA codon that would code for which amino acid?

A segment of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence: TAC CCA GGT.
Using the mRNA codon chart, which amino acid sequence would be produced from this DNA base sequence?

The diagram shows a single DNA strand.
What would happen if thymine (T) was replaced by adenine (A)?

The diagram shows a segment of DNA that codes for a genetic disease.
Which factor most likely affected the DNA as shown in the diagram?

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown.
What is the process involved in the coding?

The diagram shows the process of making proteins in a cell.
What are the processes P and Q?

Examine the diagram representing a section of an organic molecule.
What process is most directly controlled by this molecule?

The steps involved in the process of protein synthesis are shown in no particular order.
Which sequence correctly arranges the steps?

Examine the section of nucleic acid.
Which explanation best describes the molecule shown?

Use the codon chart to answer the questions.
The DNA sequence CAA would create an mRNA codon that would code for which amino acid?

A segment of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence: TAC CCA GGT.
Using the mRNA codon chart, which amino acid sequence would be produced from this DNA base sequence?

The diagram shows a single DNA strand.
What would happen if thymine (T) was replaced by adenine (A)?

The diagram shows a segment of DNA that codes for a genetic disease.
Which factor most likely affected the DNA as shown in the diagram?

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown.
What is the process involved in the coding?

The diagram shows the process of making proteins in a cell.
What are the processes P and Q?

Examine the diagram representing a section of an organic molecule.
What process is most directly controlled by this molecule?

The steps involved in the process of protein synthesis are shown in no particular order.
Which sequence correctly arranges the steps?