Honors Unit # 6 Test on Cell Division

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People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these mutations only occur in somatic cells, these people may-

pass on these mutations to their offspring

experience an increased risk of cancer

develop entirely new DNA sequences in all cells

experience difficulties replicating RNA

Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of hazel. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown, and chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of blue.

Chromosomes B and C are homologous

Chromosomes A and C are homologous

Chromosomes A and B are homologous

None of the chromosomes are homologous to one another

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?

Once cells divide, they can never divide again.

There is only a limited amount of DNA available to a given group of cells.

Cell division is a completely random process.

The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.

The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.

Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?

The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell

The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred

The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from the original cell

The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell

In terms of the cell, cancer cells differ from normal cells in which of the following ways?

I. Cancer cells pass through the phases of the cell cycle in sequences different from that of normal cells.

II. Cancer cells do not stop dividing when they come in contact with other cells as normal cells do.

III. Cancer cells are able to divide an indefinite number of times, while normal cells divide a limited number of times.

II and III only

I, II, and III

I and II only

I and III only

Cells and the organisms they make up reproduce through cell division. Some organisms reproduce through mitosis, while others reproduce through meiosis and fertilization. What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

Meiosis ensures that offspring will have identical phenotypes to their parents.

Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic disorders.

Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from their parents.

Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms?

The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number.

The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes.

It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of chromosomes.

Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first division, the number is always even.

What is the significance of anaphase in this process?

In anaphase, the cell splits in half.

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below.
Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?

Telophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Prophase

The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and re-enter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do with which of the following?

Repeat the cell cycle continuously

Mutate during G1 phase

Die after completing mitosis

Fail to complete S phase

The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram?

Row 4

Row 3

Row 2

Row 1

Using the picture below, identify the stage represented

Metaphase

S phase

Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Strawberries can reproduce by means of runners, which are stems that grow horizontally along the ground. At the region of the runner that touches the ground, a new plant develops. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent because:

it was produced sexually

there were no other strawberry plants in the area to provide fertilization

nuclei traveled to the new plant through the runner to fertilize it

it was produced asexually

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis:

donates a chromosome to the parent cell.

receives a few chromosomes from the parent cell.

receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.

receives exactly half the chromosomes from the parent cell.

All cells in an embryo have the same DNA. However, the embryonic cells form organs, such as the brain and the kidneys, which have very different structures and functions. These differences are the result of:

rapid mitosis causing mutations in embryo cells

certain genes being expressed in some cells and not in others

new combinations of cells resulting from meiosis

having two types of cells, one type from each parent

The diagram above shows the process of meiosis. The segregation that occurs during meiosis results in a:

single fertilized egg cell

decrease in the total number of cells per organism

reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell

group of genetically identical cells

A cell resulting from the fertilization of an egg begins to divide. Two cells are formed that normally remain attached and could develop into a new individual. If the two cells become separated, which statement describes what would most likely occur?

The cells would each have all of the needed genetic information, and both could survive.

The cells would each have only one-half of the needed genetic information, so both would die.

Each cell would have some of the needed genetic information, but would be unable to share it, so both would die.

One cell would have all of the needed genetic information and would survive, but the other would have none of the needed genetic information and would die.

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?

III

I

II

Either I or II

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent a cell at the end of Meiosis II?

III

Either I or II

I

II

Which of these must occur during the S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

The cytoplasm must be separated.

The cell membrane must be expanded.

The chromosomes must be joined.

The DNA must be replicated.

Which phrase best describes a process represented in the diagram?

a zygote dividing by mitosis

a gamete dividing by meiosis

a zygote dividing by meiosis

a gamete dividing by mitosis

The diagram below shows four stages of a cell undergoing the cell cycle.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages as they occur in the cell cycle?

2, 4, 3, 1

1, 3, 4, 2

2, 1, 3, 4

4, 3, 2, 1

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of offspring by an asexually reproducing organism?

choice 3

choice 2

choice 4

choice 1

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the end of Meiosis I?

choice 4

choice 2

choice 1

choice 3

The sorting and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization usually leads to the production of

gametes with many copies of the same chromosome

genetically diverse offspring

embryos with traits identical to those of all other members of the species

zygotes with the genetic information to produce only females

DNA changes form over the course of the cell cycle. What is the difference between the terms chromosome, chromatin, and chromatid?

Chromatin is a long, strand of DNA and proteins; a chromosome is an "X-shaped" structure produced during DNA replication; when the chromosome separates, each half is considered a chromatid

Chromatid is a long, uncoiled strand of DNA; a chromatin is one of two sister structures produced during DNA replication; when the sister chromatins separate, during anaphase, each is considered a chromosome

Chromatin is a long, uncoiled strand of DNA; a chromatid is an "X-shaped" structure that contains two strands of identical DNA; a chromosome is one half of a duplicated chromatid

Chromatin is a long strand of DNA and proteins; a chromosome is a long, tightly coiled strand of DNA; a chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome

Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?

Both are involved in asexual reproduction.

DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.

Both occur only in reproductive cells.

The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

The occurrence of polyploidy

Number of gametes

Genetic variation

The expression of dominant traits

Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction?

4

1

3

2

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.

The results provide evidence that —

heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature

similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA 

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

S phase

M phase

G2 phase

G1 phase

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

A codon sequence is incorrect.

Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

The nuclear membrane is ruptured.

Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.

A model of a biological process is shown.

What is the purpose of this process?

To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

Creating bonds to form biomolecules

Producing sugars that assist with replication

Providing information to form proteins

Making energy available for cellular activities

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was among the first scientists to contribute to the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan’s investigations into heredity in fruit flies led him to propose that the event represented in the diagram sometimes occurs.

Which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid?

The event takes place in bacterial cells.

The event represents RNA translation in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells.

The event produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Two biomolecules are shown.

Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?

Molecule X is a nucleic acid, and Molecule Y is a carbohydrate.

Molecule X and Molecule Y are both carbohydrates.

Molecule X is a carbohydrate, and Molecule Y is a nucleic acid.

Molecule X and Molecule Y are both nucleic acids.

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Duplication

Deletion

Insertion

Substitution

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.

Which part of the model represents the S phase?

I

IV

III

II

Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamete produced in the human body has —

92 chromosomes

12 chromosomes

46 chromosomes

23 chromosomes

Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the table in their lab notebooks.

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are prokaryotic.

Cell 1 is prokaryotic, and Cell 2 is eukaryotic

Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are eukaryotic

Discuss TWO differences between spermatogenesis in male humans and oogenesis in female humans. (2 marks)

People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these mutations only occur in somatic cells, these people may-

pass on these mutations to their offspring

experience an increased risk of cancer

develop entirely new DNA sequences in all cells

experience difficulties replicating RNA

Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of hazel. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown, and chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of blue.

Chromosomes B and C are homologous

Chromosomes A and C are homologous

Chromosomes A and B are homologous

None of the chromosomes are homologous to one another

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?

Once cells divide, they can never divide again.

There is only a limited amount of DNA available to a given group of cells.

Cell division is a completely random process.

The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.

The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.

Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?

The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell

The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred

The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from the original cell

The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell

In terms of the cell, cancer cells differ from normal cells in which of the following ways?

I. Cancer cells pass through the phases of the cell cycle in sequences different from that of normal cells.

II. Cancer cells do not stop dividing when they come in contact with other cells as normal cells do.

III. Cancer cells are able to divide an indefinite number of times, while normal cells divide a limited number of times.

II and III only

I, II, and III

I and II only

I and III only

Cells and the organisms they make up reproduce through cell division. Some organisms reproduce through mitosis, while others reproduce through meiosis and fertilization. What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

Meiosis ensures that offspring will have identical phenotypes to their parents.

Meiosis ensures that offspring will not inherit any genetic disorders.

Meiosis ensures that offspring are genetically different from their parents.

Meiosis ensures that offspring inherit genes from their parents.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms?

The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number.

The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes.

It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of chromosomes.

Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first division, the number is always even.

What is the significance of anaphase in this process?

In anaphase, the cell splits in half.

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below.
Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?

Telophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Prophase

The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and re-enter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do with which of the following?

Repeat the cell cycle continuously

Mutate during G1 phase

Die after completing mitosis

Fail to complete S phase

The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram?

Row 4

Row 3

Row 2

Row 1

Using the picture below, identify the stage represented

Metaphase

S phase

Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Strawberries can reproduce by means of runners, which are stems that grow horizontally along the ground. At the region of the runner that touches the ground, a new plant develops. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent because:

it was produced sexually

there were no other strawberry plants in the area to provide fertilization

nuclei traveled to the new plant through the runner to fertilize it

it was produced asexually

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis:

donates a chromosome to the parent cell.

receives a few chromosomes from the parent cell.

receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the parent cell.

receives exactly half the chromosomes from the parent cell.

All cells in an embryo have the same DNA. However, the embryonic cells form organs, such as the brain and the kidneys, which have very different structures and functions. These differences are the result of:

rapid mitosis causing mutations in embryo cells

certain genes being expressed in some cells and not in others

new combinations of cells resulting from meiosis

having two types of cells, one type from each parent

The diagram above shows the process of meiosis. The segregation that occurs during meiosis results in a:

single fertilized egg cell

decrease in the total number of cells per organism

reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell

group of genetically identical cells

A cell resulting from the fertilization of an egg begins to divide. Two cells are formed that normally remain attached and could develop into a new individual. If the two cells become separated, which statement describes what would most likely occur?

The cells would each have all of the needed genetic information, and both could survive.

The cells would each have only one-half of the needed genetic information, so both would die.

Each cell would have some of the needed genetic information, but would be unable to share it, so both would die.

One cell would have all of the needed genetic information and would survive, but the other would have none of the needed genetic information and would die.

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?

III

I

II

Either I or II

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent a cell at the end of Meiosis II?

III

Either I or II

I

II

Which of these must occur during the S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

The cytoplasm must be separated.

The cell membrane must be expanded.

The chromosomes must be joined.

The DNA must be replicated.

Which phrase best describes a process represented in the diagram?

a zygote dividing by mitosis

a gamete dividing by meiosis

a zygote dividing by meiosis

a gamete dividing by mitosis

The diagram below shows four stages of a cell undergoing the cell cycle.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages as they occur in the cell cycle?

2, 4, 3, 1

1, 3, 4, 2

2, 1, 3, 4

4, 3, 2, 1

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of offspring by an asexually reproducing organism?

choice 3

choice 2

choice 4

choice 1

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the end of Meiosis I?

choice 4

choice 2

choice 1

choice 3

The sorting and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization usually leads to the production of

gametes with many copies of the same chromosome

genetically diverse offspring

embryos with traits identical to those of all other members of the species

zygotes with the genetic information to produce only females

DNA changes form over the course of the cell cycle. What is the difference between the terms chromosome, chromatin, and chromatid?

Chromatin is a long, strand of DNA and proteins; a chromosome is an "X-shaped" structure produced during DNA replication; when the chromosome separates, each half is considered a chromatid

Chromatid is a long, uncoiled strand of DNA; a chromatin is one of two sister structures produced during DNA replication; when the sister chromatins separate, during anaphase, each is considered a chromosome

Chromatin is a long, uncoiled strand of DNA; a chromatid is an "X-shaped" structure that contains two strands of identical DNA; a chromosome is one half of a duplicated chromatid

Chromatin is a long strand of DNA and proteins; a chromosome is a long, tightly coiled strand of DNA; a chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome

Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?

Both are involved in asexual reproduction.

DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.

Both occur only in reproductive cells.

The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

The occurrence of polyploidy

Number of gametes

Genetic variation

The expression of dominant traits

Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction?

4

1

3

2

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.

The results provide evidence that —

heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature

similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA 

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine.  This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine? 

S phase

M phase

G2 phase

G1 phase

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide? 

A codon sequence is incorrect.

Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

The nuclear membrane is ruptured.

Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.

A model of a biological process is shown.

What is the purpose of this process?

To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?  

Creating bonds to form biomolecules

Producing sugars that assist with replication

Providing information to form proteins

Making energy available for cellular activities

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Sperm cell and lung cell

Sperm cell and egg cell

Nerve cell and egg cell

Nerve cell and brain cell

Egg cell and liver cell

In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was among the first scientists to contribute to the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan’s investigations into heredity in fruit flies led him to propose that the event represented in the diagram sometimes occurs.  

Which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid?

The event takes place in bacterial cells.

The event represents RNA translation in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells.

The event produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Two biomolecules are shown.

Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?

Molecule X is a nucleic acid, and Molecule Y is a carbohydrate.

Molecule X and Molecule Y are both carbohydrates.

Molecule X is a carbohydrate, and Molecule Y is a nucleic acid.

Molecule X and Molecule Y are both nucleic acids.

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Duplication

Deletion

Insertion

Substitution

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.

Which part of the model represents the S phase?

I

IV

III

II

Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamete produced in the human body has —

92 chromosomes

12 chromosomes

46 chromosomes

23 chromosomes

Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table.  They entered the table in their lab notebooks.

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are prokaryotic.

Cell 1 is prokaryotic, and Cell 2 is eukaryotic

Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are eukaryotic

Cell 1 is eukaryotic, and Cell 2 is prokaryotic.

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

Cell 2

Cell 4

Cell 1

Cell 3

Table 1 shows the stage and number of cells and chromosomes per cell at the end of the stage in a 2n= 24 organism.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the chromosomes in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I?

Each daughter cell contains 12 chromatids. Each chromatid is one of two from a single chromosome with the other one of the pair found in the other daughter cell.

Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Since the
chromosomes were randomly divided, one daughter cell may contain both of a pair of homologous chromosomes, while the other cell contains both of another pair of homologous chromosomes.

Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Each chromosome is one of a pair of homologous chromosomes from the parent cell, with the other homologue found in the other daughter cell.

Each daughter cell contains 24 separate chromatids. Since every two chromatids were originally joined, forming one homologous chromosome, the number of chromatids is divided by two to determine the number of chromosomes.

Honors Unit # 6 Test on Cell Division

Honors Unit # 6 Test on Cell Division

Discuss TWO differences between spermatogenesis in male humans and oogenesis in female humans. (2 marks)

People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these mutations only occur in somatic cells, these people may-

Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of hazel. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown, and chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of blue.

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?

The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?

Cells and the organisms they make up reproduce through cell division. Some organisms reproduce through mitosis, while others reproduce through meiosis and fertilization. What advantage does meiosis give to organisms that reproduce sexually?

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms?

What is the significance of anaphase in this process?

A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below.Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?

The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction.Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram?

Using the picture below, identify the stage represented

Strawberries can reproduce by means of runners, which are stems that grow horizontally along the ground. At the region of the runner that touches the ground, a new plant develops. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent because:

As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokinesis:

All cells in an embryo have the same DNA. However, the embryonic cells form organs, such as the brain and the kidneys, which have very different structures and functions. These differences are the result of:

The diagram above shows the process of meiosis. The segregation that occurs during meiosis results in a:

A cell resulting from the fertilization of an egg begins to divide. Two cells are formed that normally remain attached and could develop into a new individual. If the two cells become separated, which statement describes what would most likely occur?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.Which sample might represent a cell at the end of Meiosis II?

Which of these must occur during the S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

Which phrase best describes a process represented in the diagram?

The diagram below shows four stages of a cell undergoing the cell cycle.Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages as they occur in the cell cycle?

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of offspring by an asexually reproducing organism?

The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the end of Meiosis I?

The sorting and recombining of genes during meiosis and fertilization usually leads to the production of

DNA changes form over the course of the cell cycle. What is the difference between the terms chromosome, chromatin, and chromatid?

Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?

Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction?

People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

A model of a biological process is shown.What is the purpose of this process?

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Two biomolecules are shown.Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.What do the two arrows represent?

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.Which part of the model represents the S phase?

Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure that each gamete produced in the human body has —

Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the table in their lab notebooks.Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

Discuss TWO differences between spermatogenesis in male humans and oogenesis in female humans. (2 marks)

The diagram below represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells.

Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced?

A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below.
Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?

The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in the diagram?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph.

Which sample might represent a cell at the end of Meiosis II?

The diagram below shows four stages of a cell undergoing the cell cycle.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages as they occur in the cell cycle?

A model of a biological process is shown.

What is the purpose of this process?

Two biomolecules are shown.

Which of the following best describes these biomolecules?

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.

Which part of the model represents the S phase?

Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the table in their lab notebooks.

Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?