Ms Kelly/Ms I MidTerm_Physical Sciences

Parts of an Experiment

• Independent Variable (IV): The factor that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. [cause]

  • Spanish: Variable independiente

  • Chinese: 独立变量 (Dúlì biànliàng)

• Dependent Variable (DV): The factor that is measured or observed in a scientific experiment.[effect]

  • Spanish: Variable dependiente

  • Chinese: 因变量 (Yīn biànliàng)

• Control: The standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment. [It is kept constant or the same]

  • Spanish: Control

  • Chinese: 对照 (Duìzhào)

Scientific Method vs. Engineering Design

• Scientific Method: Involves forming a hypothesis and conducting experiments to observe and analyze how variables interact.

  • Spanish: Método científico

  • Chinese: 科学方法 (Kēxué fāngfǎ)

• Engineering Design: Focuses on creating solutions by identifying problems, designing prototypes or models, and testing solutions.

  • Spanish: Diseño de ingeniería

  • Chinese: 工程设计 (Gōngchéng shèjì)

Physical Science ONLY

Forces and Motion

Force: Push or Pull

• Definition: A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.

• Spanish: Empujar o tirar

• Chinese: 推或拉 (Tuī huò lā)

Contact Forces

• Definition: Forces that occur when two objects are in physical contact with each other.

• Examples:

  • Friction: A force that opposes motion between two surfaces.

  • Tension: A force transmitted through a string, cable, or wire.

• Spanish: Fuerzas de contacto

• Chinese: 接触力 (Jiēchù lì)

Non-Contact Forces

• Definition: Forces that occur even when the objects are not in physical contact.

• Examples:

  • Gravity: A force that attracts two bodies towards each other.

  • Electo Magnetic Force: The force produced by electrical and magnetic energy.

• Spanish: Fuerzas no de contacto

• Chinese: 非接触力 (Fēi jiēchù lì)

Newton's First Law

• Definition: An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. This is often referred to as the law of inertia.

• Spanish: La primera ley de Newton

• Chinese: 牛顿第一定律 (Niúdùn dì yī dìnglǜ)

Inertia

• Definition: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. It's directly related to the mass of the object.

• Spanish: Inercia

• Chinese: 惯性 (Guànxìng)