illustrates the shift from subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture in less economically developed regions of the world

gives insight into the spatial distribution and intensity of agriculture in relation to the transportation costs and the market

explains how the demand for and price of land decreases as its distance from the central business district increases

demonstrates the series of links connecting a commodity's places of production, distribution, and consumption

prior to the Second Agricultural Revolution

in the 1820s based on agriculture in northwest Germany

with the benefit of Green Revolution scientific advancements

in a less economically developed region of the world

at the height of the Second Agricultural Revolution in the American midwest

there is not enough grazing land for cattle at further distances

milk-producing animals cannot thrive on the coarse, patchy grasslands at the edge of the wilderness

dairy farms take up little space and can afford to be closer to the market

their products are perishable

it is necessary to put some distance between dangerous woodland animals and the market

firewood is necessary for the market, but difficult to transport

markets tend to pop up near forested areas

it serves as protection for the city center against the dangers of the wilderness

extensive agriculture requires more space and field crops are easy to transport long distances

there is too much pollution from the city center to effectively grow grain and field crops

the smell of the manure required to fertilize the fields is offensive to those living in the city center

ease of access to a large labor force

extensive agriculture needs space, cattle can survive on the coarse wilderness grasses, and transportation costs are low

cattle can only thrive at a great distance to the city center

cattle is a perishable product

it is necessary to separate cattle ranching from dairy farms and market gardens

decreasing labor costs

rivers

high-yield crops

war

mechanized agricultural equipment

von Thunen's model was limited in its accuracy at the time, but accurately predicted the settlement patters that accompanied 20th century Green Revolution developments

von Thunen's model worked for some mid-19th century agriculture production outside of Germany in terms of transportation and distance to market

von Thunen's model was limited in its usefulness as it only applied to German agriculture production

von Thunen's model was very accurate at the time, but has since become outmoded

is somewhat accurate once population density has been taken into account

needs to be adjusted for specialty crops and variation in climate

provides little value other than illustrating its historic limitations

becomes far more accurate than when applied at the local scale

becomes far more accurate than when applied at the national scale

provides little value other than illustrating its contemporary limitations

is somewhat accurate once population density has been taken into account

needs to be adjusted for specialty crops and variation in latitude

studying the spatial distribution of types of commercial agriculture

establishing a base for urban planning projects

creating legislation that prevents environmental abuses by large, commercial agrobusinesses

identifying specialty agricultural production

establish a base for urban planning projects

advise legislation that prevents environmental abuses by large, commercial agrobusinesses

study the spatial distribution of types of commercial agriculture

identify specialty agricultural production