Assur was once one of the greatest cities in the world. About 30,000 people lived there. A huge temple tower, or ziggurat, stood about 200 feet above the city streets. Assur (or Ashur) was one of the leading cities of Assyria, the center of a great empire.
Today, ancient Assur is in ruins. Desert sand has covered over much of the city that is over 3,000 years old. In the early 2000s, Assur faced a new threat: water.
Assur is located in what is now Iraq, a country in the Middle East. Many parts of Iraq are covered by desert. Water is hard to find in the desert areas. To increase the amount of water, Iraqi officials were planning to build a dam on the river Tigris.
The dam would have trapped the river's water. As the water would have risen, it would have likely flooded Assur and many other nearby ancient ruins.
Scientists were worried that floodwaters would destroy artifacts hidden beneath the desert sand. Assur had already been the site of some amazing discoveries.
Scientists discovered four hidden tombs at Assur. They found ancient coffins, gold, jewelry, and gems. They also dug up the remains of two ancient Assyrian queens.
Scientists used modern medical equipment to study the queens' bodies. They learned about some of the medical problems the ancient queens suffered from. The bodies showed evidence of dental cavities, sinus infections, and poor nutrition.
Michael Müller-Karpe, a scientist who studies ancient Assyria, said, "The Assyrian queens have just begun to speak to us, and we are looking forward to more answers."
Müller-Karpe and other scientists worried that the dam would have kept them from getting more answers. Even if the dam were completed and didn’t flood Assur, the rising water would have damaged the ancient city. Moisture could cause the artifacts to crumble.
"You can't save Assur if it's [near] a dam," said scientist Peter Miglus. The soil beneath the ancient city would soak up water like a sponge. The water in the soil would destroy what's left of ancient Assur.
Scientists continue trying to uncover the secrets hidden for centuries in Assur and other nearby communities. Meanwhile, some people have been looking for ways to keep the ancient cities safe. "We don't want the slightest damage to Assur," one Iraqi official said.
We’re not going to summer camp.
My best friend Jack and I had been listening to Connor and Jai talking about their summer camp plans on the bus ride home for weeks now. Of course, they would be excited to go to sports camp. Connor and Jai played soccer in the fall, basketball in winter, and baseball in the spring. Me, on the other hand? My family doesn’t even really watch sports. But I always know the Yankees are playing when Connor and Jai wear their white and blue striped jerseys to school.
At least I wasn’t the only one in my fifth-grade class who was thrilled to NOT be going to camp. Jack didn’t get the appeal either. Neither of us was interested in sports camp. Playing baseball just meant standing in the blazing hot sun for nine thousand innings. The swimming part was okay, but riding in an unairconditioned bus in your wet swimming trunks was the worst. No, wait, craft camp and making pointless bracelets out of pipe cleaners was the worst! What the heck is a pipe cleaner anyway?
Instead, Jack and I liked to dream up battles between warriors and plot out how we’d respond if the horrible mythological creature Medusa with her snakes-for-hair came to visit our school. We wouldn’t let her turn us into stone, like she did to so many would-be heroes in Greek mythology. We’d come up with clever ways to outsmart her.
To Jack and me, that’s real fun, and that’s the way we planned to have a great summer, filled with epic battles in the woods behind my house.
But when I got off the school bus, walked in the front door, and grabbed a snack from the fridge, I overheard my mom on the phone—and I started to panic.
“Yes, I signed Kaz up for the same two weeks,” I heard her say. “Yes, July 3rd and July 10th. He’ll be so happy that Jack’s going, too!”
I got a funny feeling in my stomach.
“Who were you talking to—and signed up for what?” I asked when she was off the phone.
“Don’t talk with your mouth full, Kaz,” Mom answered. Then she dropped a huge bomb on me.
“That was Jack’s mom,” she said. “I’ve signed you up for summer camp, and Jack’s mom did, too, so he’ll be going for the same two weeks. Isn’t that great?"
“WHAT? BUT I DON’T WANT TO GO TO SUMMER CAMP!” I screeched.
“Kaz, you know that Lola and Lolo are coming to visit from the Philippines the week right after school ends,” she continued, without a care in the world that she was ruining my life. “After they leave, you’re signed up for a new camp—with Jack!"
How could she do this? Jack’s mother knew that he despised summer camp, just like I did. But before I could explode with even more reasons why I shouldn’t go, my mom held out a hand to stop me.
“It’s a new camp and it sounds really cool,” she said, pouring me a glass of water. “It has weekly themes—”
I groaned.
She ignored me: “—about Greek mythology. Instead of making simple crafts, you make things like your own foam swords and shields. Then there’s lots of physical activity with sword-fighting lessons. And instead of field trips to the zoo, you go on Quests in the woods.”
Ohhhhh. Greek mythology? I took a bite of bibingka and chewed thoughtfully. As the sweet coconut cake seeped into my tongue, my mind raced back and forth. Could this summer camp be… okay? No, no, no way — a summer camp is a summer camp.
As doubtful as I felt, I already knew it wasn’t worth trying to fight back against my mom. When it came down to it, my mother’s decisions were stronger than Zeus, king of the gods. There was nothing I could say or do to change her mind.
Between end-of-school activities and my grandparents’ visit, the next few weeks went by in a blur. Before I knew it, it was the first day of camp.
My dad parked the car and I slowly stepped out onto the dusty dirt. I thought of Connor and Jai and imagined them running off to start their all-sports-all-the-time summer camp. My own feet dragged as if I were Atlas carrying the weight of the world on my shoulders as we headed over to the check-in table. I quietly looked around. Across the grassy field, I saw a group of kids holding familiar-looking shields made with cardboard and duct tape. They must have watched the same YouTube video as I did. A couple of kids passed me.
“I’m in Athens and my brother got put in Sparta,” I heard a girl say. “Which makes sense since I’m smarter than him and he just wants to fight me all the time.”
I couldn’t help but smile knowing exactly what she meant. I said goodbye to my dad and decided to run the rest of the way to check myself in. My feet flew like they belonged to Hermes, god of speed. Maybe I’ll have an epic summer after all.
How do Jack and Kaz feel about sports camp?
How does Kaz describe his idea of a great summer?
Kaz’s mom’s decision to send him to summer camp is unchangeable. What evidence from the text supports this conclusion?
How does Kaz feel once he gets to the summer camp and overhears a girl talking about Athens and Sparta?
What is one main theme of this story?
Read the following sentences from the text.
“How could she do this? Jack’s mother knew that he despised summer camp, just like I did. But before I could explode with even more reasons why I shouldn’t go, my mom held out a hand to stop me.”
As used in this excerpt, what does the word “despised” most closely mean?
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence below.
________, Kaz drags his feet when he gets to Greek Mythology camp. But then, he gets excited and runs the rest of the way to check himself in.
What makes Kaz feel panic when he hears his mom on the phone?
For fun, many of us watch sport such as football, basketball, and hockey, to name a few. Currently, sports fans go to stadiums/arenas to root for their favorite team and players. Early Romans had a similar pastime. They loved to cheer for a favorite person or games. Over 16 centuries ago, it was a much different kind of competition. Roman gladiators used to battle each other with swords, and sometimes they would fight wild animals for entertainment. These fights would occur with thousands of spectators watching and cheering. All of this entertainment occurred in the Colosseum. The Colosseum is located in Rome, Italy and still stands today.
Building the Colosseum
Romans began building the Colosseum in 70 AD, and the construction took 10 years to complete. Building the Colosseum began by digging 40 feet deep into a lakebed. Next, the workers poured concrete tunnels that would serves as the underground holding spaces. This space was used by gladiators and animals to be contained until the battle began. From there, construction went level by level until it reached 157 feet tall. After the competition, the arena could hold between fifth and eighty thousand people. At the time, this was the largest arena ever built!
Coming to the fights
Are you bored on the weekends? If you were an early Roman, you went to the Colosseum in your free time to watch the competitions between gladiators and/or animal fights. It is estimated that over one million animals died while fighting other animals or people. Wild animals such as lions, elephants, crocodiles, and ostriches were involved in the fights. Purchasing a ticket was necessary to go to the games. Tickets to the Colosseum were made from pottery. Your ticket would determine at which gate you would enter the Colosseum. The high up in society you were, the lower your seat was in the stadium. The upper level seats in the stadium were for lower class individuals.
The Colosseum Today
Every year, approximately four million tourist visit the Colosseum in Rome. Tours are
held daily, and you can actually walk through parts of the stadium. Going to see this structure is truly amazing. While on tour, you will climb the steep steps of this building. If you look down, you will be able to view where the fights took place centuries ago. Inside the arena, you can clearly see the mazy of spaces that were under the podium. Life was definitely different in Roman times compared to the way it is today.
Which sentences from the reading show that seats in the Colosseum were based on the person's class?
What does the word contained mean in the 2nd paragraph?
What would be the most likely reason for using wild animals in the Roman fights?
What is the purpose of the picture of the Colosseum that is beside the paragraph called "The Colosseum Today?"
What is the author's purpose for writing the section "Coming to the Fights?"
What type of competitions were held in the Colosseum?
What was built first when constructing the Colosseum?
Who attended the Colosseum events in ancient Rome?
Deep beneath the sparkling waves of the ocean lies a secret waiting to be discovered. It's the legend of Atlantis, a magical city that is said to have vanished long ago. Imagine shimmering
building made of fold and silver, street lines with pearly, and gardens blooming with exotic flowers. Atlantis was unlike any other place on Earth. Demarian places his bookmark inside his library book. He knew he was supposed to be studying but couldn't but the book down. "Ill just read a little more," he thought.
Opening the book to a new chapter, Demarian continues reading. legend has it that Atlantis
was ruled by a wise king names Poseidon. He was powerful and
kind, loved by all who lived in the city. But one day, something unimaginable happened. The ground shook, and the water roared as a great earthquake struck Atlantis. The mighty city sand beneath the waves, disappearing from sight forever.
Extensive research has been conducted to uncover the mysteries of the lost city of Atlantis. The city was destroyed by an earthquake over 12,000 years ago, and for centuries, people have searched for it in hope of finding its secrets. Some believe the sea swallowed it, while
other think powerful forces destroyed it. However, the truth remains unknown, waiting to be discovered by adventurous explorers. Demarian was astonished that this historical even had yet to be solved. He glanced at his science study guide lying on his desk and knew he was wasting precious time. Nevertheless, he wanted to learn more about this fascinating event. "Demarian, dinner is ready!" Mom called out. Demarian placed a bookmark inside his book and left it on his bed.
During dinner, Demarian was enthusiastic about sharing his fascination with his family about the lost city of Atlantis. He couldn't stop talking about how the city was made of pure
gold and how abundance overflowed in Atlantis with its grand statues and plentiful wealth. He mentioned that the city was said to be larger than Libya and Asia combined, but mountains lined the city's exterior.
Mom interrupted and reminded Demarian that he had a science test the next day and needed to study. After finishing his spaghetti, Demarian went to his room, picked up his
science study guide, and opened it to the pages his teacher had told him to review. He read the vocabulary words on the page to ensure he knew each. After turning to a few pages, he felt he had a good grasp on his science and decided to call it a day.
Demarian gazed at the book about Atlantis lying on his bed. He rushed towards it, turned the
next page, and resumed reading. The book mentioned that the lost city of Atlantis is believed to be situated close to the Strait of Gibraltar on the western edge of the
Mediterranean Sea. Nowadays, scientists use modern technology to explore the ocean's depths and search for evidence that may reveal the existence of Atlantis. They deploy submarines equipped with cameras and sensors to capture images of the unexplored world beneath the sea. As Demarian finished reading the last pages of his history book he couldn't help but feel a tinge of sadness for the unresolved mystery.

What is paragraph 3 mostly about?
Which of the following words below could not replace the word abundance in paragraph 4?
Reread the sentence below.
After turning to a few pages, he felt he had a good grasp on his science and decided to call it a day.
What does the figure of speech "call it a day" mean?
What do you think the author's main purpose of the text was?
What can you infer will happen to Demarian the following day?
Where do some believe Atlantis was located?
What modern technology do scientists use to explore the ocean?
What did Demarian struggle to balance with his reading?
According to the text, what threat did Assur face in the early 2000s?
Which is not a possible effect of a new dam?
Read these sentences from the text.
Scientists used modern medical equipment to study the queens' bodies. They learned about some of the medical problems the ancient queens suffered from. The bodies showed evidence of dental cavities, sinus infections, and poor nutrition.
What can you conclude based on this evidence?
Based on the text, how did the great city of Assur become mostly covered by sand?
What is the main idea of this text?
Read these sentences from the text.
Scientists were worried that floodwaters would destroy artifacts hidden beneath the desert sand. Assur had already been the site of some amazing discoveries.
Based on these sentences, what does the word "artifacts" most nearly mean?
Choose the word below that best completes the sentence.
Assur was once a major city, ________ now it is in ruins.
Why do scientists want to study the queens' bodies?