U.S. History A -- Unit 3 Test: U.S. Imperialism

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20 Nsɛmmisa

Ɛhia

U.S. History A -- Unit 3 Test: U.S. Imperialism

Last updated 3 months ago

20 Nsɛmmisa

Ɛhia

What is the definition of imperialism?

feelings of national pride

The policy whereby the United States would not intervene in the affairs of existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere

The practice of stronger countries extending economic, political, and military control over weaker countries

favoring a policy of avoiding foreign entanglements

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THE END OF A MONARCHY
      Hawaii’s King Kalakaua had been strong-armed by white business leaders. They forced him to amend Hawaii’s constitution, effectively limiting voting rights to only wealthy landowners. But when Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister Queen Liliuokalani came to power with a “Hawaii for Hawaiians” agenda. She proposed removing the property-owning qualifications for voting. To prevent this from happening, business groups—encouraged by Ambassador John L. Stevens—organized a revolution. With the help of marines, they overthrew the queen and set up a government headed by Sanford B. Dole.

      President Cleveland directed that the queen be restored to her throne. When Dole refused to surrender power, Cleveland formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii. But he refused to consider annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians favored it.
      In 1897 William McKinley, who favored annexation, succeeded Cleveland as president. On August 12, 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, although Hawaiians had never had the chance to vote. In 1959 Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States.

According to this paragraph, business groups overthrew Queen Liliuokalani for which of the following reasons?

Because King Kalakaua had died and Queen Liliuokalani replaced him

Because a majority of Hawaiians favored it

To prevent the United States from proclaiming Hawaii an American territory

To prevent the removal of property-owning qualifications from voting

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THE END OF A MONARCHY
      Hawaii’s King Kalakaua had been strong-armed by white business leaders. They forced him to amend Hawaii’s constitution, effectively limiting voting rights to only wealthy landowners. But when Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister Queen Liliuokalani came to power with a “Hawaii for Hawaiians” agenda. She proposed removing the property-owning qualifications for voting. To prevent this from happening, business groups—encouraged by Ambassador John L. Stevens—organized a revolution. With the help of marines, they overthrew the queen and set up a government headed by Sanford B. Dole.

      President Cleveland directed that the queen be restored to her throne. When Dole refused to surrender power, Cleveland formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii. But he refused to consider annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians favored it.
      In 1897 William McKinley, who favored annexation, succeeded Cleveland as president. On August 12, 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, although Hawaiians had never had the chance to vote. In 1959 Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States.

According to this paragraph, what ultimately happened to Hawaii?

Queen Liliuokalani was restored to her throne

It gained its independence

It became a U.S. state

It was annexed by Spain

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Note. Between 1883 and 1890, the United States built nine steel hulled battleships
Alfred T. Mahan (1840 - 1914)
Alfred T. Mahan joined the U.S. Navy in the late 1850s and served for nearly 40 years. In 1886 he became president of the newly established Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.
Throughout his lifetime, Mahan was one of the most outspoken advocates of American military expansion. In his book The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 (published in 1890), Mahan called for the United States to develop a modern fleet capable of protecting American business and shipping interests around the world.
He also urged the United States to establish naval bases in the Caribbean, to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, and to acquire Hawaii and other Pacific islands.
Based on the information above, which of the following statements best explains the United States’ motivation for military build up?

The United States wanted to create powerful warships that it could sell to other countries to establish valuable economic relationships

The United States was expecting attacks from other countries and wanted to be prepared

The United States viewed Naval power as a necessary way to protect their interests all around the world

The United States was preparing to invade foreign countries and acquire territory

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Given its geographic location, why was Hawaii of value to the United States?

It could serve as a refueling station for Naval ships crossing the Pacific Ocean

It would allow the United States to exert more direct control over Latin America

It would greatly reduce travel time by providing a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

It was a land rich in timber, minerals, and oil

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THE SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
Anti-Spanish sentiment in Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence. José Martí, a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, launched a revolution in 1895. Martí organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. Martí counted on provoking U.S. intervention to help the rebels achieve ¡Cuba Libre!—a free Cuba.
Public opinion in the United States was split. Many business people wanted the government to support Spain in order to protect their investments. Other Americans, however, were enthusiastic about the rebel cause. The cry “¡Cuba Libre!” was, after all, similar in sentiment to Patrick Henry’s “Give me liberty or give me death!” spoken during America's own war for independence. Despite economic concerns and public opinion, President Grover Cleveland remained true to the Monroe Doctrine, which promised that the United States would not intervene in the affairs of existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. Soon, though, the promises of the Monroe Doctrine would be put to the test.

Based on the information above, some Americans supported Jose Marti because…

…they wanted the Spanish government to protect their investments

…he had lived in the United States for some time

…they sympathized with his desire for Cuban independence

…he was destroying sugar mills and plantations

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THE SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
Anti-Spanish sentiment in Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence. José Martí, a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, launched a revolution in 1895. Martí organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. Martí counted on provoking U.S. intervention to help the rebels achieve ¡Cuba Libre!—a free Cuba.
Public opinion in the United States was split. Many business people wanted the government to support Spain in order to protect their investments. Other Americans, however, were enthusiastic about the rebel cause. The cry “¡Cuba Libre!” was, after all, similar in sentiment to Patrick Henry’s “Give me liberty or give me death!” spoken during America's own war for independence. Despite economic concerns and public opinion, President Grover Cleveland remained true to the Monroe Doctrine, which promised that the United States would not intervene in the affairs of existing European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. Soon, though, the promises of the Monroe Doctrine would be put to the test.

Based on the information above, American imperialism was demonstrated by…

…the destruction of American-owned sugar mills and plantations in Cuba

…President Cleveland remaining true to the Monroe Doctrine

…Americans sympathizing with Jose Marti's desire for Cuban independence

…Jose Marti living in exile in New York

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The images above are examples of…

Yellow journalism

Military build up

Nationalism

Jingoism

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We know that the images above were effective due to which of the following events?

In 1903, Cuba adopts the Platt Amendment as a part of its Constitution, becoming a protectorate of the United States

In February 1898, the New York Journal published a private letter written by Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish minister to the United States, which criticized President McKinley

In August of 1897, Spain recalls General Valeriano Weyler from Cuba

On April 20th, 1898, the United States declares war on Spain

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Which of the following statements demonstrates that future president Theodore Roosevelt was an imperialist?

He organized a group to protest the war

He led the Rough Riders into battle in Cuba

He was the Vice President of William McKinley

He ordered the U.S. Navy to remain in the Philippines, away from the fighting.

Quote #1
“The Opposition tells us that we ought not to govern a people without their consent. . . . Would not the people of the Philippines prefer the just, humane, civilizing government of this Republic to the savage, bloody rule of pillage and extortion from which we have rescued them? Do not the blazing fires of joy and the ringing bells of gladness in Porto Rico prove the welcome of our flag? . . . do we owe no duty to the world? . . . Shall we abandon them, with Germany, England, Japan, hungering for them?”
– Albert Beveridge
Quote #2
“...there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all [the Philippine Islands], and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and Christianize them.”
– William McKinley

Quote #3
“You, citizens of a free fatherland, with its own laws, its own institutions, and its own flag, can appreciate the unhappiness of the small and solitary people that must await its laws from your authority. . . . when you acquire the certainty that you can found in Puerto Rico a republic like that founded in Cuba and Panama . . . give us our independence and you will stand before humanity as . . . a great creator of new nationalities and a great liberator of oppressed peoples.”
– Luis Munoz Rivera

Quote #4
“We are here to insist that a war begun in the cause of humanity shall not be turned into a war for empire, that an attempt to win for Cubans the right to govern themselves shall not be made an excuse for extending our sway over alien peoples without their consent. The Fundamental principles of our government are at stake.”
– Moorfield Storey

PICK TWO (2) ANSWERS: Which of the following people, based on their quotes above, could be considered imperialists?

Luis Munoz Rivera

William McKinley

Moorfield Storey

Albert Beveridge

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How does the cartoon above criticize the United States’ attitude toward imperialism?

It shows that the United States, led by imperialist presidents such as William McKinley, viewed smaller countries as theirs for the taking

It demonstrates that the United States was divided between imperialists and anti-imperialists

It warns Americans that they faced competition from other imperialist countries such as Germany, Great Britain, and Russia

It argues that the United States was too hesitant to intervene in the affairs of foreign countries, which led to the savage, bloody rule of pillage and extortion

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The cartoon above demonstrates that China…

…was seen as valuable by several imperialist nations

…was an imperialist nation

…had become a protectorate of the United States

…wanted to declare war against the United States

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Quote #1
“¡Cuba Libre!”
– Jose Marti, leader of Cuban revolution
Quote #2
“Give us the chance; treat us exactly as you demanded to be treated at the hands of England, when you rebelled against her autocratic methods… You declared war with Spain for the sake of Humanity… “Lay down your arms,” you say. Did you lay down your arms when you, too, were rebels, and the English under good King George demanded your submission? How in the name of all that is serious do you demand that we shall do what you, being rebels, refused to do?”

– An anonymous Filipino speaking on behalf of Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of the Filipino rebellion
Note. During the Boxer Rebellion, shown here in this Chinese print, Chinese patriots demanded that all foreigners be expelled from the country.
What do the rebellions in Cuba, the Philippines, and China all have in Common?

They were all rebelling against the United States

They all wanted to establish governments led by a king and queen

They were expanding their economic, political, and military control over other nations

Rebels were revolting against imperialist powers

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PROVISIONS OF THE PLATT AMENDMENT
Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory,
the United States reserved the right to intervene in Cuba,
Cuba was not to go into debt that its government could not repay, and
the United States could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations.
As defined above, which of the following statements most accurately describes how the Platt Amendment is an example of U.S. imperialism?

Despite Cuba gaining its independence, it still had to follow certain rules favoring the United States

While still keeping Cuba as a territory annexed by the United States, it allowed Cuba to appoint its own governor and members of its legislature

The Platt Amendment placed Cuba under the military rule of the United States

It gave the United States power to appoint Cuba's governor and members of the upper house of its legislature

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Based on the map above, why was the construction of the Panama Canal crucial to the goals of U.S. imperialists?

The Panama Canal gave the United States a more direct route for trade with countries across the Pacific Ocean.

The Panama Canal was a significant factor in the United States’ ability to win the Spanish-American war.

The Panama Canal kept other imperialist nations from being able to easily access markets across the Pacific Ocean.

The Panama Canal established the United States’ authority as a global peacekeeping force.

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The cartoon above demonstrates Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy,” which stated that…

…European countries must stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations

…the United States would guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business people to ensure that those countries remained economically dependent on the U.S.

…the United States had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.

…the United States would use force to protect its interests in Latin America and stop foreign intervention

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Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy” was also known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine states that…

…the United States would use force to protect its interests in Latin America and stop foreign intervention

…European countries must stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations

…the United States had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.

…the United States would guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business people to ensure that those countries remained economically dependent on the U.S.

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Quote #1
“As long as I have anything to do with the affairs in Mexico there will be no further friction between my country and my friends of the north . . . To President Wilson, the greatest American, I stand pledged to do what I can to keep the faith he has in my people, and if there is anything he may wish I will gladly do it, for I know it will be for the good of my country.”

– Pancho Villa, quoted in the New York Times, January 11, 1915
Quote #2
“I think we have done a great wrong to these people; instead of cutting out the sores with a clean, strong knife of war . . . and occupation, . . . we have only put our fingers in each festering wound and inflamed it further.”
– Edith O’Shaughnessy, wife of an American diplomat
Based on the quotes above, Pancho Villa…

…supported American imperialism

…opposed American imperialism

…did not care about American imperialism

…used to support American imperialism, but now is opposed to it

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Quote #1
“As long as I have anything to do with the affairs in Mexico there will be no further friction between my country and my friends of the north . . . To President Wilson, the greatest American, I stand pledged to do what I can to keep the faith he has in my people, and if there is anything he may wish I will gladly do it, for I know it will be for the good of my country.”

– Pancho Villa, quoted in the New York Times, January 11, 1915
Quote #2
“I think we have done a great wrong to these people; instead of cutting out the sores with a clean, strong knife of war . . . and occupation, . . . we have only put our fingers in each festering wound and inflamed it further.”
– Edith O’Shaughnessy, wife of an American diplomat
Based on the quotes above, Edith O'Shaughnessy…

…thinks that president Wilson has improved Mexico

…opposes U.S. imperialism

…wants the United States to invade Mexico

…agrees with Theodore Roosevelt’s big stick diplomacy