Organisms can be organized based on their similarities and differences. The incomplete cladogram shows a relationship between some invertebrates based on their body structures.
Use the drop-down menus to construct an argument about the development of six-legged invertebrates, based on the body structures shown.
The development of six legs should be placed at letter __________on the cladogram because the body structure is present only in organisms __________that point on the cladogram. DOK 2 ALD 3
Question 5
5.
A student is performing an investigation using two solutions. The solution in the dialysis bag has a lower solute concentration in molar per liter (M) than the solution in the beaker.
Move a description into the box under the dialysis bag and the beaker to describe each solution. Not all options will be used.
Then, move an arrow into the direction box to identify which direction the water will move based on the concentration of solutes. Not all options will be used. DOK 2 ALD3
dialysis bag ______________ direction _______ beaker _______________
Other Answer Choices:
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hypertonic
isotonic
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hypotonic
Question 6
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Question 7
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Question 8
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This Punnet square show square show the inheritance of flower color snapdragon flowers.
Use the drop-down menus to explain the inheritance of flower color in snapdragons.
The alleles for color show __________ because both allele are__________ in __________ individuals. DOK 2
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Question 10
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Mrs. Smith separated her students into groups of 4. She gave each group a whiteboard and a set of markers. She instructed each group to make a model of the changes in eukaryotic cells during sexual reproduction. The model each group made looked like the diagram below:
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SB1.b
Question 12
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Question 14
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The common cuckoo is a parasitic bird that lays its eggs in the nests of host birds. The cuckoo's ability to copy the marking patterns on host birds' eggs has evolved over time.
However, the egg patterns of host bird species have also evolved, making them harder to copy and easier for parents to recognize. When host birds do not recognize an egg in their nest, they push it out of the nest. When host birds fail to reject a cuckoo egg, they care for the extra egg, and when it hatches, the baby cuckoo pushes the host bird's eggs out of the nest. The table shows the rate at which three host species recognize their own eggs and the rate at which they reject cuckoo eggs.
First, use the drop-down menus to explain the data.
Based on the data, the __________has coevolved with cuckoos over the longest period of time. This is because it has a __________developed ability to produce recognizable eggs and the__________rejection rate of cuckoo eggs.
Next, use the drop-down menus to support an explanation about genetic change in cuckoo and host populations.
The coevolution of genetic traits that allow cuckoos to copy host eggs and their hosts to produce recognizable eggs is a result of __________ because the genes of successful birds are passed to offspring,__________ the frequency of the genes that cause those beneficial traits in these populations. DOK 3
Question 15
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Question 18
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Other Answer Choices:
Question 19
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Question 22
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The ribosome of the bacterium E. coli includes the ribosomal protein L4 (rpl4). The rpl4 gene carries the instructions for making rpl4 protein. Which of the following arguments provides support for the claim that E. coli has a common ancestor with all other organisms? DOK 2
Every organism has proteins made of amino acids.The code for amino acids is the same in E. coli because the instructions for amino acids come from the DNA. DNA contains the same components in all organisms.
Every organism contains a structure that is similar to a ribosome. This structure helps convert the instructions from the rpl4 gene into amino acids.
Every organism possesses in its ribosome a protein that is similar to rpl4. This protein has an amino acid sequence that is similar to the sequence of E. coli’s rpl4.
Every organism depends on proteins to carry out essential cellular processes. Ribosomes are needed by all organisms to synthesize proteins such as rpl4.
Hemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cells of vertebrates and in the plasma of many invertebrates. The function of this protein is to transport oxygen throughout the body and to bring carbon dioxide back to be expelled from the organism. If the amino acid sequence of the protein is altered, the mutated protein is not as efficient at carrying oxygen as is the normal hemoglobin. Which argument is supported by this information? DOK 2
The mutated hemoglobin protein can still carry carbon dioxide to be expelled from the organism.
Normal hemoglobin must be a larger molecule than the mutated hemoglobin since it has sufficient space to attach to and carry both oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide molecules.
Hemoglobin must be a simple molecule because it is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
Structural changes of hemoglobin affect its ability to carry oxygen, indicating that the shape of a protein is important to its function.
Bromothymol blue (BTB) is a pH indicator that is also used to detect carbon dioxide (CO2) in water. BTB is blue when the pH of water is basic, and CO2 is low. BTB is yellow when the pH of water is acidic and CO2 is high. BTB is green when the pH of water is neutral.
Students are planning an investigation in which they will place the aquatic plant elodea in a test tube that contains water with a neutral pH of 7 and BTB. They will place a snail in another test tube with neutral water and BTB. The students will then place both elodea and a snail in a third test tube with neutral water and BTB.
Observing color change once the test tubes have been placed under a growth light for several hours will allow the students to answer which TWO questions?DOK 3 ALD 3
Does elodea produce oxygen during photosynthesis?
Does photosynthesis performed by elodea remove CO2 from the water?
Do both elodea and snails require oxygen to survive?
Do snails use the CO2 produced by elodea to produce oxygen?
Does cellular respiration occur at a higher rate than photosynthesis in the tube with only elodea?
Do snails respire faster when placed in a tube with elodea?
The model shows part of a process that uses tRNA.
Which description explains the role of the tRNA in the process shown in this model? DOK 1 ALD 2
The tRNA signals release of the peptide from the robber song once all of the amino acids have been added.
The tRNA recognizes the stop codon of a developing peptide so that no new amino acids are added.
The tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome so that they can be added to the developing peptide
The tRNA scans the developing peptide to make sure that the sequence of the amino acids match the mRNA.
A student is investigating genetic variations in chromosomes. The diagram shows two ways that meiosis can result in genetic variation.
The student makes two claims.
Claim 1: Genetic variation in example 1 is a result of non-disjunction.
Claim 2: Genetic variation in example 2 is a result of crossing over.
Move evidence into each box to construct arguments to support each claim. Not all evidence will be used. DOK 3 ALD 3
Daughter cells are all haploid but are not genetically identical.
Deletions during replications are passed to daughter cells.
Heritable mutations caused by environmental factors result in the loss of entire chromosomes.
Daughter cells have too much or too little genetic material.
Homologous chromosomes separate incorrectly, producing daughter cells with unequal amounts of genetic material.
Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.
Supporting Evidence for Claim 1
Supporting Evidence for Claim 2
Today, the common type of banana we buy and eat is a Cavendish banana. They arose from chance mutants that were produced sexually from wild banana plants. The Cavendish banana is infertile and can only be produced by cloning from root shoots. Large commercial growers worldwide now plant only the mutant type. Some information about both types of banana is recorded in the table.
Part A
Why are scientists warning that exclusively growing this mutant type by asexual reproduction presents a serious disadvantage? DOK 3 ALD 3
The loss of an adequate Cavendish banana seed supply could result in extinction of this variety.
The changes in characteristics from a parent plant to a clone will produce inconsistent plants that are
less healthy.
The lack of genetic variability among clones puts the whole species at increased risk of extinction
through a catastrophic disease or pest.
The increasing number of homologous sets of chromosomes with each successive generation of clones will eventually result in widespread death of banana plants.
Researchers recently compiled data about 2,300 mammal species and 6,700 bird species and determine that the number of species down at tropic latitudes is greater than the numbers found at temperate and polar latitudes.
Move the statements that best explains why biodiversity is the greatest in the tropics into the category. Not all statements will be used. DOK 2
Tropic latitudes experience less seasonal changes in climate.
Temperate and polar latitudes have a large amount of water from snow melt.
There is less land in temperate and polar latitudes.
There is a large amount of annual precipitation in tropic latitudes.
Regions near the equator have a longer growing season for plants.
Species in temporate and polar latitudes are better adapted to extreme weather.
Explanation of Greatest Biodiversity in the Tropics
Question 11
11.
Scientists studied a species of phytoplankton. These phytoplankton are primary producers and are an important part of marine food webs. As all organisms are regulated by their environment, so are the phytoplankton. The scientists looked at the relationship between the phytoplankton population and a virus population found in the same environment. They created three environments in a laboratory setting to collect data on the numbers of phytoplankton and viruses over a period of time and graphed the results once they were averaged, as shown below.
The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Using the information given, which TWO arguments support this claim? DOK 3
The phytoplankton population decreased as the number of viruses increased because the cells of the phytoplankton were destroyed as the viruses used them to increase the number of viruses in the environment.
The phytoplankton population was affected by the viruses because the viruses were competitors for the food sources in the environment.
The phytoplankton population was affected by the increase in the number of viruses in the environment because the viruses used most of the carbon found in the environment.
As the phytoplankton population reached capacity, the number of viruses increased because the phytoplankton were the hosts to the viruses and replicated the viruses’ genome.
As the phytoplankton population increased, the number of viruses increased because the phytoplankton were consumed by the viruses.
The phytoplankton population was unable to absorb the light necessary for growth because the viruses covered the surface of the water.
Portions of the protein sequence alignments for a group of ciliates are shown.
Which cladogram BEST represents these data? DOK 2 ALD 3
Ruby-throated hummingbirds are found throughout eastern North America. They are omnivores, feeding on nectar, pollen, tree sap, insects, and spiders. They get all the water they need from nectar. Most nests are in forested areas, citrus groves, marshes, and scrubland. The hummingbirds breed in the spring and the summer, and females raise one to three broods per breeding season. Most of the hummingbirds migrate to Mexico or Central America for the winter. Many fly nonstop for 20 hours to cross the Gulf of Mexico. However, increasing numbers of the hummingbirds have begun to winter north of the gulf. Researchers have documented that the hummingbirds’ winter range has expanded northward by about 300 kilometers in recent years.
Which explanation BEST predicts the ability of the hummingbirds to survive their first winter in this new environment? DOK 3
Finding bodies of water is the most important task for the hummingbirds because they need to supplement the supply of nectar if it is inadequate to provide all the calories the hummingbirds need
to survive .
Finding mates to allow the hummingbirds to lay fertile eggs and have two parents to feed the new hatchlings is the most important task for the hummingbirds because they need to ensure there is a
new generation of hummingbirds in the region .
Finding suitable nesting materials and sites is the most important task the hummingbirds must
accomplish because they must produce offspring .
Finding a sufficient supply of flowering plants, flowering trees, and insects is the most important task
for the hummingbirds because they need food to survive .
Students studied Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. They created a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous furred mouse (FF) and a homozygous furless mouse (ff). The students then created a second Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F1 mice.
Which question could be answered using the information from the Punnett squares? DOK 2
Will fewer furless mice survive to adulthood than furred mice?
How many mice will be produced in the F1 generation?
Can furred mice produce furless mice?
Are furred mice the best organism to use for this investigation?
Students studied Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. They created a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous furred mouse (FF) and a homozygous furless mouse (ff). The students then created a second Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F1 mice.
Which question could be answered using the information from the Punnett squares? DOK 2
Will fewer furless mice survive to adulthood than furred mice?
Can furred mice produce furless mice?
Are furred mice the best organism to use for this investigation?
How many mice will be produced in the F1 generation?
The diagram shows an incomplete pedigree for the inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait (allele G). With autosomal dominant traits, only one copy of the allele is needed for the trait to be inherited and expressed by offspring.
Move the shapes to complete the pedigree based on the inheritance patterns for an autosomal dominant trait. Each option will be used only once. DOK 3
A male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material. Which argument supports this claim? DOK 2
A nondisjunction mutation was caused by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis, allowing the gamete of one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.
An insertion mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to be inserted into the genetic material of another chromosome, causing three copies of chromosome 18 to be made.
A substitution mutation during replication allowed the genetic material of chromosome 18 to replace the genetic material of a nearby chromosome, causing the child to have three copies of chromosome 18.
A mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis, allowing one parent to donate two copies of chromosome 18 to the child.
Two students are given a list of characteristics for a certain organism:
Student 1 classifies the organism as a prokaryote, and Student 2 classifies it as a eukaryote.
Which student correctly classifies the organism and why? DOK 2 ALD2
Student 1 classifies the organism as a prokaryote, and Student 2 classifies it as a eukaryote.
Student 2 is correct because prokaryotes do not have cell membranes.
Student 2 is correct because prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles.
Student 1 is correct because single-celled organisms are always classified as prokaryotic cells.
Some information about bacteria and viruses is shown.
Which argument about bacteria and viruses is supported by this information? DOK 3 ALD3
Both bacteria and viruses are surrounded by protective coverings, though the composition of each covering may be different.
Both bacteria and viruses lack a nucleus, so they cannot acquire new characteristics.
Bacteria are larger than viruses, but bacteria are too small to host viruses.
Bacterial infections are easier to prevent and treat than viral infections.
Scientists studied a species of phytoplankton. These phytoplankton are primary producers and are an important part of marine food webs. As all organisms are regulated by their environment, so are the phytoplankton. The scientists looked at the relationship between the phytoplankton population and a virus population found in the same environment. They created three environments in a laboratory setting to collect data on the numbers of phytoplankton and viruses over a period of time and graphed the results once they were averaged, as shown below.
The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Based on the information given, which TWO arguments support this claim? DOK 3 ALD3
As the phytoplankton population reached capacity, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton were the hosts to the viruses and replicated the viruses' genome.
The phytoplankton population was unable to absorb the light necessary for growth because the viruses covered the surface of the water.
The phytoplankton population was affected by the increase in the number of viruses in the environment because the viruses used most of the carbon found
in the environment.
The phytoplankton population was affected by the viruses because the viruses were competitors for the food sources in the environment.
As the phytoplankton population increased, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton were consumed by the viruses.
The phytoplankton population decreased as the number of viruses increased because the cells of the phytoplankton were destroyed as the viruses used them to increase the number of viruses in the environment.
Which statement below correctly explains the model to describe how mitosis maintains genetic continuity? DOK 1
Genetic diversity increases in cells F and G because of crossing over in cell D.
Each nucleus becomes diploid when the nuclear membrane reforms in cell E.
Independent assortment occurs in cell B. This ensures cell C will have the correct number of chromosomes.
The chromosomes in cells F and G are the same as the chromosomes in cell A.
