The ribosome of the bacterium E. coli includes the ribosomal protein L4 (rpl4). The rpl4 gene carries the instructions for making rpl4 protein. Which of the following arguments provides support for the claim that E. coli has a common ancestor with all other organisms? DOK 2
Question 2
2.
Hemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cells of vertebrates and in the plasma of many invertebrates. The function of this protein is to transport oxygen throughout the body and to bring carbon dioxide back to be expelled from the organism. If the amino acid sequence of the protein is altered, the mutated protein is not as efficient at carrying oxygen as is the normal hemoglobin. Which argument is supported by this information? DOK 2
Question 3
3.
Bromothymol blue (BTB) is a pH indicator that is also used to detect carbon dioxide (CO2) in water. BTB is blue when the pH of water is basic, and CO2 is low. BTB is yellow when the pH of water is acidic and CO2 is high. BTB is green when the pH of water is neutral.
Students are planning an investigation in which they will place the aquatic plant elodea in a test tube that contains water with a neutral pH of 7 and BTB. They will place a snail in another test tube with neutral water and BTB. The students will then place both elodea and a snail in a third test tube with neutral water and BTB.
Observing color change once the test tubes have been placed under a growth light for several hours will allow the students to answer which TWO questions?DOK 3 ALD 3
Question 4
4.
Organisms can be organized based on their similarities and differences. The incomplete cladogram shows a relationship between some invertebrates based on their body structures.
Use the drop-down menus to construct an argument about the development of six-legged invertebrates, based on the body structures shown.
The development of six legs should be placed at letter __________on the cladogram because the body structure is present only in organisms __________that point on the cladogram. DOK 2 ALD 3
Question 5
5.
A student is performing an investigation using two solutions. The solution in the dialysis bag has a lower solute concentration in molar per liter (M) than the solution in the beaker.
Move a description into the box under the dialysis bag and the beaker to describe each solution. Not all options will be used.
Then, move an arrow into the direction box to identify which direction the water will move based on the concentration of solutes. Not all options will be used. DOK 2 ALD3
dialysis bag ______________ direction _______ beaker _______________
Other Answer Choices:
⬅️
hypertonic
isotonic
➡️
hypotonic
Question 6
6.
The model shows part of a process that uses tRNA.
Which description explains the role of the tRNA in the process shown in this model? DOK 1 ALD 2
Question 7
7.
A student is investigating genetic variations in chromosomes. The diagram shows two ways that meiosis can result in genetic variation.
The student makes two claims.
Claim 1: Genetic variation in example 1 is a result of non-disjunction.
Claim 2: Genetic variation in example 2 is a result of crossing over.
Move evidence into each box to construct arguments to support each claim. Not all evidence will be used. DOK 3 ALD 3
Daughter cells are all haploid but are not genetically identical.
Homologous chromosomes separate incorrectly, producing daughter cells with unequal amounts of genetic material.
Heritable mutations caused by environmental factors result in the loss of entire chromosomes.
Deletions during replications are passed to daughter cells.
Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.
Daughter cells have too much or too little genetic material.
Supporting Evidence for Claim 1
Supporting Evidence for Claim 2
Question 8
8.
This Punnet square show square show the inheritance of flower color snapdragon flowers.
Use the drop-down menus to explain the inheritance of flower color in snapdragons.
The alleles for color show __________ because both allele are__________ in __________ individuals. DOK 2
Question 9
9.
Today, the common type of banana we buy and eat is a Cavendish banana. They arose from chance mutants that were produced sexually from wild banana plants. The Cavendish banana is infertile and can only be produced by cloning from root shoots. Large commercial growers worldwide now plant only the mutant type. Some information about both types of banana is recorded in the table.
Part A
Why are scientists warning that exclusively growing this mutant type by asexual reproduction presents a serious disadvantage? DOK 3 ALD 3
Question 10
10.
Researchers recently compiled data about 2,300 mammal species and 6,700 bird species and determine that the number of species down at tropic latitudes is greater than the numbers found at temperate and polar latitudes.
Move the statements that best explains why biodiversity is the greatest in the tropics into the category. Not all statements will be used. DOK 2
Temperate and polar latitudes have a large amount of water from snow melt.
There is less land in temperate and polar latitudes.
Tropic latitudes experience less seasonal changes in climate.
Regions near the equator have a longer growing season for plants.
There is a large amount of annual precipitation in tropic latitudes.
Species in temporate and polar latitudes are better adapted to extreme weather.
Explanation of Greatest Biodiversity in the Tropics
Mrs. Smith separated her students into groups of 4. She gave each group a whiteboard and a set of markers. She instructed each group to make a model of the changes in eukaryotic cells during sexual reproduction. The model each group made looked like the diagram below:
Required
1
Question 12
12.
Scientists studied a species of phytoplankton. These phytoplankton are primary producers and are an important part of marine food webs. As all organisms are regulated by their environment, so are the phytoplankton. The scientists looked at the relationship between the phytoplankton population and a virus population found in the same environment. They created three environments in a laboratory setting to collect data on the numbers of phytoplankton and viruses over a period of time and graphed the results once they were averaged, as shown below.
The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Using the information given, which TWO arguments support this claim? DOK 3
Question 13
13.
Portions of the protein sequence alignments for a group of ciliates are shown.
Which cladogram BEST represents these data? DOK 2 ALD 3
Question 14
14.
The common cuckoo is a parasitic bird that lays its eggs in the nests of host birds. The cuckoo's ability to copy the marking patterns on host birds' eggs has evolved over time.
However, the egg patterns of host bird species have also evolved, making them harder to copy and easier for parents to recognize. When host birds do not recognize an egg in their nest, they push it out of the nest. When host birds fail to reject a cuckoo egg, they care for the extra egg, and when it hatches, the baby cuckoo pushes the host bird's eggs out of the nest. The table shows the rate at which three host species recognize their own eggs and the rate at which they reject cuckoo eggs.
First, use the drop-down menus to explain the data.
Based on the data, the __________has coevolved with cuckoos over the longest period of time. This is because it has a __________developed ability to produce recognizable eggs and the__________rejection rate of cuckoo eggs.
Next, use the drop-down menus to support an explanation about genetic change in cuckoo and host populations.
The coevolution of genetic traits that allow cuckoos to copy host eggs and their hosts to produce recognizable eggs is a result of __________ because the genes of successful birds are passed to offspring,__________ the frequency of the genes that cause those beneficial traits in these populations. DOK 3
Question 15
15.
Ruby-throated hummingbirds are found throughout eastern North America. They are omnivores, feeding on nectar, pollen, tree sap, insects, and spiders. They get all the water they need from nectar. Most nests are in forested areas, citrus groves, marshes, and scrubland. The hummingbirds breed in the spring and the summer, and females raise one to three broods per breeding season. Most of the hummingbirds migrate to Mexico or Central America for the winter. Many fly nonstop for 20 hours to cross the Gulf of Mexico. However, increasing numbers of the hummingbirds have begun to winter north of the gulf. Researchers have documented that the hummingbirds’ winter range has expanded northward by about 300 kilometers in recent years.
Which explanation BEST predicts the ability of the hummingbirds to survive their first winter in this new environment? DOK 3
Question 16
16.
Students studied Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. They created a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous furred mouse (FF) and a homozygous furless mouse (ff). The students then created a second Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F1 mice.
Which question could be answered using the information from the Punnett squares? DOK 2
Question 17
17.
Students studied Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment. They created a Punnett square to show a cross between a homozygous furred mouse (FF) and a homozygous furless mouse (ff). The students then created a second Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F1 mice.
Which question could be answered using the information from the Punnett squares? DOK 2
Question 18
18.
The diagram shows an incomplete pedigree for the inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait (allele G). With autosomal dominant traits, only one copy of the allele is needed for the trait to be inherited and expressed by offspring.
Move the shapes to complete the pedigree based on the inheritance patterns for an autosomal dominant trait. Each option will be used only once. DOK 3
Other Answer Choices:
Question 19
19.
A male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material. Which argument supports this claim? DOK 2
Question 20
20.
Two students are given a list of characteristics for a certain organism:
Student 1 classifies the organism as a prokaryote, and Student 2 classifies it as a eukaryote.
Which student correctly classifies the organism and why? DOK 2 ALD2
Question 21
21.
Some information about bacteria and viruses is shown.
Which argument about bacteria and viruses is supported by this information? DOK 3 ALD3
Question 22
22.
Scientists studied a species of phytoplankton. These phytoplankton are primary producers and are an important part of marine food webs. As all organisms are regulated by their environment, so are the phytoplankton. The scientists looked at the relationship between the phytoplankton population and a virus population found in the same environment. They created three environments in a laboratory setting to collect data on the numbers of phytoplankton and viruses over a period of time and graphed the results once they were averaged, as shown below.
The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Based on the information given, which TWO arguments support this claim? DOK 3 ALD3
Question 11
11.
Which statement below correctly explains the model to describe how mitosis maintains genetic continuity? DOK 1
