AP HUG -- Module 43 notes [Women in Agriculture]

most developing countries have patriarchal societies that discourage women from engaging in the subsistence agricultural labor

women make up a significant portion of the subsistence agricultural labor force in developing countries in humid subtropical climate zones. Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Latin America are common examples.

Women make up all of the subsistence agricultural work force in developing countries, where as developed countries, on average, divide the work more evenly between men and women.

women in developing countries involved with subsistence agriculture, on average, comprise about 45% of the agricultural work force

nomadic mixed-crop

aquaculture livestock

tropical continental

developing developed

women are more common in coastal areas than in the interior regions of the countries

women make up 90% of the commercial agricultural work force in developed countries

approximately one third of the labor force is made up of women

women dominate in dairying and cattle ranching, while men dominate in mixed crop agriculture

located on the margins of the country, primarily dairying and market gardening

located in the midwestern and southern regions, focused mostly on mixed crop agriculture

primarily aquaculture located along the Gulf Coast

primarily urban farms located in well-developed cities; NYC, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, Atlanta, and Houston

wealth

gender and age

social class

physical ability

raising and tending to livestock

sowing seeds and harvesting crops

poultry

market gardening and dairying

craft sales

child rearing

industrial labor

prostitution

notable for a lack of gender equality; women play a more active role in planting, harvesting, and processing plants by hand, and are not permitted access to machinery and other technologies

wealthier on average than most other traditional types of farming; experience a higher standard of living, better diets, and longer life expectancies than women in other fields

a focus on cultivating large herds of livestock, poultry, swine, and other farm animals. Do not have a large role in planting, harvesting, or processing crops

sees significant improvements in crops yields and a reduction in losses due to pests as a result of a through embrace of Green Revolution technologies

occupy a weak social and economic position

notable for its surprising levels of social equality, despite the surrounding regions being in opposition

given no role to fill in the community other than child rearing, are often left to fend for themselves as they age

given leadership roles in the community, but generally not allowed to participate in agricultural labor

reduce the role of men in traditional agricultural societies around the world to provide more avenues for the economic success of women

provide pathways to higher education and networking for women in up and coming regions of the global agricultural network

protect women in subsistence agricultural societies from the various societal dangers they face

enhance the role of women as contributors to and beneficiaries of economic development

miniscule fraction of the population, women in commercial agriculture often face prejudices and injustice due to it being a male dominated field

mostly made up of highly educated professionals with advanced degrees who primarily work in the agricultural research sector, rather than on fields and farms

primarily dominated by younger women who took over their family farms

mostly made up of older women, more opportunities than in developing countries