Directions: Use the information provided and your knowledge of Physical Science to answer the following questions. Show all work where necessary.
Directions: Use the information provided and your knowledge of Physical Science to answer the following questions. Show all work where necessary.
An ice cube left on a plate warms up, melts into liquid water, and eventually becomes warmer water. But if you track temperature while it melts, it often stops rising for a while near
All matter is made of particles that are always moving. Temperature is a measure of the average motion (kinetic energy) of particles. When a substance gains thermal energy, its particles usually move faster and the temperature increases. When a substance loses thermal energy, particles move slower and the temperature decreases.
However, temperature does not always change smoothly when thermal energy is added or removed. During a phase change (like melting or freezing), thermal energy is used to change how particles are arranged and how strongly they attract each other, not to increase their average speed. This energy involved in a phase change is called latent heat.
Ice is solid water. In a solid, particles are packed closely and mainly vibrate in place. As ice warms from below
After the ice has fully melted, continued heating increases the temperature of the liquid water because the particles are already in the liquid state and added energy mainly increases particle motion. By building a model that connects thermal energy transfer, particle motion, and phase, students can predict when temperature will rise steadily and when it will “pause” during melting or freezing.
Diagram 1.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/melting
Diagram 2.
Source:
https://www.expii.com/t/phase-change-diagrams-overview-examples-8057
Table 1.
Time (minutes) | Temperature (oC) | Observation |
|---|---|---|
0 | -10 | Solid ice |
4 | -5 | Solid ice |
8 | 0 | Start melting |
10 | 0 | Melting |
12 | 0 | Melting |
14 | 0 | Fully melted |
18 | 4 | Liquid water |
20 | 6 | Liquid water |
Graph of Information - Figure 1.
Table 2.
Checkpoint Time (minutes) | Phase | Relative Particle Motion | Thermal Energy Use |
|---|---|---|---|
0 | Solid | Low | Warming particles |
8 | Solid + Liquid | Medium | Changing phase |
12 | Solid + Liquid | Medium | Changing phase |
18 | Liquid | High | Warming particles |
Graph of Information - Figure 2.
Using Table 1, describe how the temperature of the ice changes from 0 to 8 minutes as thermal energy is added.
The temperature remains near
Which statement best explains why the temperature does not increase during the melting phase?
How do the particle motion descriptions in Table 2 help explain the difference between solid ice and liquid water?
According to Figure 1 and Figure 2, which change occurs after the ice has fully melted?
How does adding thermal energy to an ice cube change particle motion, temperature, and phase over time?
Claim:
Evidence:
Reasoning: