Directions: Use the information provided and your knowledge of Physical Science to answer the following questions. Show all work where necessary.
Directions: Use the information provided and your knowledge of Physical Science to answer the following questions. Show all work where necessary.
Carbon dioxide is released when fuels burn, animals breathe, and plants break down sugars. Once in the air, CO
Carbon dioxide is a molecule made of three atoms: one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Its chemical formula, CO
In a carbon dioxide molecule, the carbon atom is located in the center, bonded to an oxygen atom on each side. This arrangement forms a straight, or linear, molecule. Because the oxygen atoms pull equally on both sides of the carbon atom, the molecule has no overall charge difference from one end to the other. As a result, carbon dioxide molecules do not strongly attract one another.
This weak attraction between CO
Scientists use models, such as ball-and-stick diagrams and molecular drawings, to represent this atomic arrangement. These models help show both the number of atoms and how they are connected. By comparing models of different molecules, scientists can explain why some substances are solids or liquids while others are gases.
Understanding the atomic composition and structure of carbon dioxide allows scientists to connect invisible molecular arrangements to observable patterns, such as how gases spread through the air and remain evenly distributed over time.
Diagram 1.
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Diagram 2.
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Table 1.
Molecule | Carbon Atoms | Oxygen Atoms | Total Atoms per Molecule | State of Matter (Earth Surface) | Relative Molecular Attraction Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon Dioxide (CO | 1 | 2 | 3 | Gas | Low |
Oxygen (O | 0 | 2 | 2 | Gas | Low |
Nitrogen (N | 0 | 0 | 2 | Gas | Low |
Water Vapor (H | 0 | 1 | 3 | Gas | Medium |
Graph of Information - Figure 1.
Graph of Information - Figure 2.
Which statement best describes the atomic composition of a water molecule?
Using Table 1 and Figure 1, describe the number and types of atoms found in a water molecule.
The diagrams show that water molecules have a bent shape with uneven charge distribution. Explain how this arrangement affects how water molecules interact with one another.
According to Table 2 and Figure 2, which observable property of water is associated with medium relative molecular attraction strength?
When water freezes, the molecules slow down and arrange themselves farther apart. How does this change in molecular arrangement help explain why ice floats on liquid water?
How does the atomic composition and arrangement of atoms in a water molecule help explain water’s observable properties?
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